最新刊期
- 摘要：The performance of pure-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes （PeLEDs） is severely hindered by the large hole injection barrier between the hole-transport layer （HTL） and the wide-bandgap perovskite emissive layer. To address this issue， this work proposes an energy-level modulation strategy based on doping the HTL material poly（9-vinylcarbazole） （PVK） with the small organic molecule phenylselenium chloride （Ph-Se-Cl）， aiming to simultaneously optimize interfacial carrier injection and perovskite film quality. The results demonstrate that the introduction of Ph-Se-Cl markedly shifts the highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO） level of PVK downward from -5.91 eV to -6.11 eV， effectively narrowing the energy offset with the valence band maximum of the pure-blue perovskite and thus reducing the hole injection barrier. Moreover， the doped HTL film exhibits a more uniform surface potential distribution， which facilitates the formation of high-quality perovskite films and mitigates interfacial defects. Consequently， pure-blue PeLEDs based on the Ph-Se-Cl-doped HTL achieve a peak external quantum efficiency of 11.18%， representing a 41.5% enhancement compared with the undoped control device， along with excellent reproducibility.关键词：light-emitting diodes;perovskite;pure-blue;thin films;devices29|1|0更新时间：2026-08-04
- 摘要：Circularly polarized luminescence （CPL） materials， integrating luminescence with polarization modulation， have attracted considerable attention owing to their promising applications in three-dimensional displays， information encryption， bioimaging， and circularly polarized organic light-emitting diode （CP-OLED）. Benefiting from strong spin-orbit coupling that leads to efficient phosphorescence， and their ability to readily assemble into ordered aggregated structures， platinum complexes serve as an important research system for developing high-performance CPL materials. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in chiral platinum complexes for CPL based on the structural origin of chirality， including point chirality， axial chirality， and helical chirality. Particular emphasis is placed on the effects of different chiral strategies on excited-state properties， chirality transfer， aggregation-induced amplification of chiroptical responses， and CP-OLED performance， while highlighting the advantages and limitations of each system. Finally， remaining challenges and future perspectives， including the synergistic optimization of luminescence dissymmetry factors and photoluminescence quantum yields， elucidating multiscale chirality transfer mechanisms， and developing high-performance optoelectronic devices， are discussed to provide guidance for the rational design and practical applications of next-generation chiral platinum complexes.关键词：chiral;platinum complexes;circularly polarized luminescence;dissymmetry factor;photoluminescence quantum yield5|1|0更新时间：2026-08-04
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Linewidth analysis and characterization of frequency microcomb modes via heterodyne interferometry 增强出版 AI导读
摘要：The linewidth of an optical frequency comb is one of the key parameters for evaluating its performance and is of considerable importance in applications such as spaceborne coherent optical communication， precision metrology， and time–frequency standards. To improve system sensitivity and overall performance， the linewidths of frequency-comb modes generally need to be narrowed to the kilohertz or even hertz level， which imposes more stringent requirements on the accurate characterization of individual laser-mode linewidths. This work investigates the linewidth characterization of Kerr microresonator frequency-comb modes under two delayed self-heterodyne measurement regimes： short-delay partial coherence and long-delay approximate incoherence. A quantitative relationship is established between the power difference of the second peak and the second valley in the coherent envelope and the intrinsic linewidth of the optical frequency comb. By optimizing the delay-fiber length， the linewidths of multiple microresonator frequency-comb modes are obtained. Theoretical analyses and experimental results demonstrate that， under appropriate short-delay conditions， coherent-envelope analysis based on the peak-to-valley power difference can mitigate spectral broadening caused by low-frequency frequency noise and is suitable for estimating the linewidth component associated with rapid phase diffusion. In addition， the linewidths of the pump laser and microresonator frequency-comb lines are measured using the long-delay self-heterodyne method， and the effects of low-frequency frequency noise， environmental perturbations in the long optical fiber， and variations in the coherence state on the measurement results are analyzed. Short-delay and long-delay self-heterodyne measurements exhibit different noise-response characteristics and can therefore serve as complementary approaches for evaluating the linewidths of narrow-linewidth microresonator optical frequency combs.关键词：Laser linewidth;Kerr microcomb;Heterodyne interferometry8|1|0更新时间：2026-08-04 - 摘要：Formamidinium lead iodide （FAPbI3） perovskite exhibits a narrow bandgap of approximately 1.47 eV and superior optical properties， making it a promising candidate for near-infrared optical amplification and lasing devices. However， FAPbI3 thin films crystallize rapidly during fabrication with the conventional N，N-dimethylformamide/dimethyl sulfoxide （DMF/DMSO） solvent system， readily leading to high defect densities in the films. Furthermore， photoactive black α-phase FAPbI3 readily transforms into photoinactive yellow δ-phase， deteriorating lasing device performance and operational stability， and limiting practical applications. To mitigate these drawbacks， we introduce a strongly coordinating Lewis base， tetramethylurea （TMU）， into the FAPbI3 system， establishing a DMF/TMU solvent system to replace the conventional one. TMU forms stronger coordination interactions with lead halide precursors than DMSO， retarding the phase transition from the intermediate phase to the perovskite phase. This yields high-quality films with reduced defect density and effectively suppresses the unfavorable α-to-δ phase transition. Under nanosecond pulsed laser excitation， the fabricated FAPbI3-TMU film achieves an amplified spontaneous emission （ASE） threshold of 10.93 μJ cm-2， a 38.35% reduction compared with the FAPbI3-DMSO film. Meanwhile， the FAPbI3-TMU film delivers optimized optical gain and loss with remarkable improvements in photostability and thermal stability. This work provides a new solvent engineering route for high-performance， robust perovskite lasing devices.关键词：FAPbI3;Tetramethylurea;amplified spontaneous emission;stability21|0|0更新时间：2026-08-04
- 摘要：Conventional Cr3+-doped near-infrared （NIR） phosphors suffer from severe thermal quenching， which restricts their practical deployment in high-power NIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes （NIR pc-LEDs）. Most existing research merely focuses on optimizing spectral profiles and quantum efficiency， while systematic investigations on improving high-temperature anti-quenching performance remain scarce. In this work， we synthesized trigonal BaCa2MgSi2O8 （BCMS） silicate phosphors featuring a highly rigid lattice framework. Multiple characterization techniques were adopted to comprehensively analyze the crystal structure， luminescence performance， thermal stability and device practicability of the as-prepared materials. Characterization results reveal that Cr3+ ions preferentially occupy the six-coordinated Mg2+ octahedral sites in the lattice， forming a single luminescent center. The phosphor exhibits broadband NIR emission covering 650-1000 nm with an emission peak at 803 nm under blue light excitation. Benefiting from the rigid structural network constructed by compact ［MgO6］ octahedra constrained by surrounding ［SiO4］ tetrahedra in the host matrix， high-temperature nonradiative transitions are drastically suppressed. At 423 K， the luminescence intensity retains 90.84% of its room-temperature value， and no obvious luminous degradation is observed during prolonged high-temperature operation. The packaged NIR pc-LED device exhibits an approximately linear increase in output optical power with rising driving current， manifesting favorable overall operating performance. In summary， the highly rigid BCMS-based phosphor effectively alleviates the intrinsic thermal quenching drawback of traditional Cr³⁺-activated NIR materials， rendering it promising for extensive applications in high-power NIR solid-state light sources， biological imaging， nondestructive testing and other related fields.关键词：broadband near-infrared emission;thermal stability;chromium;phosphor-converted light-emitting diode18|4|0更新时间：2026-08-03
- 摘要：Inorganic cesium lead iodide （CsPbI3） perovskite nanocrystals exhibit high optical absorption coefficient and narrow-band emission， showing prominent application potential in optoelectronic devices. Conventional hot-injection synthesis of CsPbI3 nanocrystals employs long-chain alkyl ligands such as oleic acid and oleylamine， which suffer from weak binding affinity to the nanocrystal surface， insulating carbon chains that impede carrier transport， and insufficient passivation of surface defects. These issues result in low carrier mobility and poor stability， restricting their device applications. In this work， conjugated molecule ［1，1’-binaphthalene］-2-amine （BA） was used for ligand exchange modification on CsPbI3 nanocrystals to achieve simultaneous enhancement of electrical conductivity and stability. Experimental results demonstrate that BA can effectively passivate undercoordinated Pb2+ surface defects， partially replace insulating oleylamine ligands， and improve the photoluminescence quantum yield of the nanocrystals. Benefiting from the electron delocalization of its conjugated backbone， the conductivity of the modified nanocrystal film is increased to 4 times that of the pristine sample， with significantly improved carrier transport. In ambient stability tests， the modified sample retains 83% of its initial photoluminescence intensity after 30 days of storage， larger than 56% of control sample. This strategy resolves the dual drawbacks of poor conductivity and insufficient stability caused by conventional long-chain ligands， providing an effective route for developing high-performance CsPbI3-based optoelectronic devices.关键词：perovskite;nanocrystals;Ligand engineering;conductivity;Stability.38|7|0更新时间：2026-07-29
- 摘要：Metal halide perovskites have become promising materials for light-emitting diodes owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However， when synthesizing perovskite nanocrystals directly on substrates， high crystallinity and small size are often difficult to achieve simultaneously—a long-standing trade-off that has constrained the efficiency improvement of blue perovskite light-emitting devices. A recent study proposes an in situ polymerization confinement strategy， in which polymerizable monomers with strong coordination capability are employed to achieve controllable fabrication of blue perovskite nanocrystal films featuring both high crystallinity and small size， with a photoluminescence quantum yield reaching as high as 83%. Blue-emitting perovskite devices based on these films deliver an external quantum efficiency of 21.8% at 491 nm， along with excellent color purity and device stability. This work provides a facile and generalizable approach for regulating perovskite nanocrystals from the perspective of ligand engineering， opening a new avenue toward high-performance perovskite light-emitting diodes.关键词：blue perovskite;light-emitting diodes;in situ polymerization confinement;high crystallinity;small size29|19|0更新时间：2026-07-29
- 摘要：The size variation of suspended gallium nitride （GaN） microdisks can change the resonant optical path of whispering-gallery modes （WGMs） and further influence their spectral response through stress-related modulation of the effective bandgap. In this work， suspended GaN whispering-gallery microdisk cavities with diameters of 5 μm， 10 μm， and 15 μm were investigated by room-temperature optically pumped luminescence measurements， spectral mode assignment， spatial optical-field simulation， and finite-element stress analysis. The influence of microdisk diameter on WGM evolution and stress-related spectral shift was analyzed. The results show that， as the microdisk diameter increases， the number of spectral modes increases， the mode spacing decreases， and the full width at half maximum （FWHM） of the spectral peaks becomes smaller. The experimentally observed peak positions agree well with the theoretically calculated WGM mode positions. Simulated optical-field distributions show that the optical field is mainly confined near the microdisk edge and exhibits a periodic azimuthal distribution. Finite-element results and normalized spectra indicate that the deformation and stress level of the suspended structure increase with increasing microdisk diameter， while the center wavelength of the main emission peak shows an overall redshift. These results suggest a correspondence between size-dependent stress variation and emission peak shift. This work provides a reference for spectral peak identification， size design， and spectral calibration of suspended GaN microdisks in optical sensing applications.关键词：suspended GaN microdisk;whispering-gallery microcavity;optically pumped luminescence;WGM mode;stress response25|24|0更新时间：2026-07-29
- 摘要：Multiple-resonance （MR） emitters are considered promising candidates for next-generation ultrahigh-definition displays due to their narrowband emissive characteristics. However， achieving further spectral narrowing to improve color purity remains a key challenge in this field. Meanwhile， their molecular design remains largely empirical， lacking reliable theoretical tools for predicting emission bandwidths， which has hindered the rapid development of ultranarrowband emitters. Recently， Yang et al. proposed a molecular–topology–guided high-throughput screening strategy. By establishing intrinsic correlations among molecular structure， excited-state structural relaxation， and emission bandwidth， they developed a predictive design framework for ultranarrowband MR emitters. Guided by this framework， they successfully designed and synthesized high-order boron–nitrogen emitters with a small spectral full width at half maximum of only 9.1 nm， and achieved an external quantum efficiency of 38.1% in solution-processed OLEDs. This work provides a new approach for the rational design and rapid discovery of ultranarrowband organic emitters.关键词：high-throughput screening;multiple-resonance emitter;ultranarrowband emission;organic light-emitting diodes;solution-processed26|16|0更新时间：2026-07-29
- 摘要：This review focuses on donor-acceptor （D-A） chiral self-assembly strategies and systematically categorizes two research paradigms： （i） single-molecule D-A systems， wherein donors and acceptors are covalently integrated into a single molecular skeleton and their conformations are regulated through intramolecular folding； and （ii） multicomponent D-A co-assembly systems， which utilize non-covalent interactions to achieve ordered assembly of discrete donor and acceptor molecules. On the basis of elucidating the differences in energy and electron transfer pathways between the two types of systems， we highlight the core mechanisms of circularly polarized fluorescence resonance energy transfer （CP-FRET） and circularly polarized charge transfer （CP-CT）. Furthermore， we review the integration of D-A co-assembly with stimulus-responsive and supramolecular polymerization strategies， and demonstrate their cutting-edge applications in CP-OLEDs， dynamic anti-counterfeiting， and biosensing. Finally， we discuss the key challenges and future directions in this field， aiming to provide strategic guidance for the rational design of high-performance chiral luminescent materials.关键词：circularly polarized luminescence;Chirality;Self-Assembly;Co-Assembly91|23|0更新时间：2026-07-24
- 摘要：Carbon monoxide （CO） is an indispensable endogenous gaseous signaling molecule in organisms that modulates inflammatory responses， plant metabolism and responses to heavy metal stress. The accurate capture of its transient dynamic fluctuations remains a major obstacle， which restricts the research on CO biological functions. However， the existing CO fluorescent probes suffer from slow response speed and poor compatibility with high-aqueous media. In this work， we constructed a near-infrared fluorescent probe （JBX-CO） based on the xanthene derivative. JBX-CO exploits a Pd（0）-mediated Tsuji–Trost allylic cleavage reaction to elicit a robust turn-on fluorescence emission centered at 646 nm. JBX-CO completes response to CO within 45 s in aqueous solution and 5 min in mice. The limit of detection towards CO was calculated to be 0.203 μM. JBX-CO can be used in the solution system containing 97% water， which makes it compatible with high-water-content plant tissues as well as early-stage acute inflammation models. JBX-CO possesses weak background fluorescence， outstanding signal-to-noise ratio and excellent spatiotemporal resolution due to the near-infrared emission performance. In vivo fluorescence imaging results demonstrated that JBX-CO can trace endogenous CO during peanut germination and visualize endogenous CO in Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis. In addition， the in situ detection of endogenous CO in lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammatory mouse models has also beensuccessfully verified. This work provides a high-performance optical tool for revealing the transient physiological regulatory mechanisms of CO.关键词：near-infrared fluorescence;carbon monoxide;ultrafast response;xanthene skeleton;in vivo bioimaging34|26|0更新时间：2026-07-24
- 摘要：Inverted perovskite solar cells have attracted considerable attention because of their low-temperature processability， low hysteresis， and excellent compatibility with tandem device architectures. However， undercoordinated Pb²⁺， halide vacancies， and the resulting nonradiative recombination centers persist at the perovskite top interface and its contact region with the electron transport layer， thereby limiting the open-circuit voltage （VOC）， fill factor （FF）， and long-term stability of the devices. Herein， 2，3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate （DHPMA） was deposited onto an ethylenediammonium diiodide （EDADI） passivation layer to construct a multifunctional interfacial modification layer. Owing to the multisite interactions between the vicinal hydroxyl groups and oxygen sites within the methacrylate ester moiety of DHPMA and undercoordinated Pb2+， halide-vacancy-related sites， and organic cations at the perovskite surface， defects at the top interface were effectively passivated. Consequently， the power conversion efficiency （PCE） increased from 23.73% to 24.70%. This work provides an effective multifunctional interfacial-engineering strategy for suppressing nonradiative recombination and improving the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells.关键词：inverted perovskite solar cells;top interface;interface modification;Defect passivation58|27|0更新时间：2026-07-24
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Research Progress on Precision Synthesis and Structural Regulation of Pyrene-Based Helicenes 增强出版 AI导读
摘要：This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the precise synthesis， structural regulation， and circularly polarized luminescence （CPL） performance of pyrene-based ［n］helicenes. Owing to the persistent trade-off between high photoluminescence quantum yield （ΦPL） and large luminescence dissymmetry factors （glum） in traditional organic CPL materials， the integration of highly emissive pyrene units with stably helical helicene frameworks has emerged as an effective strategy to realize the synergistic enhancement of both properties. Particular emphasis is placed on the functionalization strategies based on different reactive sites of pyrene， such as the 1，2-positions and the K-region （4，5- and 9，10-positions）， as well as on key synthetic methodologies including photocyclization， Scholl oxidative cyclization， Suzuki coupling， and C–H activation. Furthermore， the photophysical properties， chiroptical characteristics， and CPL behaviors of these pyrene-fused helicenes are comprehensively summarized， through which the structure–property relationships governing their molecular structures and luminescent performance are elucidated. Overall， combining high luminescence efficiency with excellent chiroptical responses， pyrene-based helicenes represent an important molecular platform for constructing high-performance organic CPL materials， which provides significant guidelines for the future design and development of next-generation chiral optoelectronic functional materials.关键词：pyrene-based［n］helicenes;chiral luminescent materials;structure-properties relationship48|25|0更新时间：2026-07-23 - 摘要：Circularly polarized luminescence （CPL） has become a hot topic， due to their potential applications in 3D displays， asymmetric photocatalysis， information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. Chiral luminescent liquid crystals （CLLC） exhibit unique advantages in the field of CPL because of their simultaneously integrate the elements of chirality， luminescence， and liquid crystallinity. Compared with traditional doped CLLC， intrinsic CLLC possess the outstanding advantages such as structural stability and no macroscopic phase separation， making them hot topic in CPL materials. This article systematically reviews the latest progress on CLLC， including molecular designing strategy， self-assembly behavior， and circularly polarized luminescence. Firstly， analyzed the construction strategies of doped and intrinsic CLLC. Secondly， focus on small-molecular CLLC with Aggregation-Induced Emission （AIE） characteristics. Finally， potential development directions and solutions are proposed according to the challenges faced by CLLC， such as synergistic improvement in high asymmetry factors and high luminescence efficiency， chiral transfer， and precise matching of photon band gaps.关键词：Chiral luminescent liquid crystals;circularly polarized luminescence;aggregation-induced luminescence;cholesteric liquid crystals76|25|0更新时间：2026-07-21
- 摘要：Lanthanide-based double perovskites are ideal candidates for constructing efficient and stable multicolor luminescent systems due to their absence of toxic heavy metals， combined with the structural tunability of the double perovskite matrix and the high color purity of photoluminescence from lanthanide ions. However， most existing materials rely on the introduction of multiple emission centers or the combination of multiple components to achieve multicolor luminescence， which makes it challenging to realize dynamically tunable photoluminescence within a single host material. In this regard， this work reports Bi3+/Eu3+-codoped Cs2NaLuCl6 double perovskite microcrystals， in which excitation wavelength-dependent multicolor dynamic photoluminescence combining host self-trapped exciton （STE） emission and Eu3+ emission is achieved in a single material. Specifically， Bi3+ acts as an efficient sensitizer， exhibiting strong absorption in the 250–380 nm UV region and efficiently transferring excitation energy to Eu3+ luminescent centers. The system displays unique excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence， showing STE blue emission under 240 nm excitation， Eu3+ red emission under 466 nm excitation， and mixed blue-red white emission under 280 nm excitation. By varying the excitation wavelength， the proportion of blue and red emission can be widely tuned， enabling continuous color adjustment from blue to white to red， demonstrating multicolor photoluminescence characteristics with dynamic excitation/emission response. On this basis， we constructed a triple-excitation anti-counterfeiting system for three distinctly distinguishable photoluminescence color conversions， significantly enhancing the complexity and security of information encryption and showing promising application prospects in advanced anti-counterfeiting and optical information storage.关键词：double perovskite;phosphors;sensitized luminescence;lanthanide ions;multicolor anti-counterfeiting100|26|0更新时间：2026-07-20
- 摘要：Mechanoluminescent materials can convert mechanical stimuli into visible optical signals and show great potential in stress sensing， anti-counterfeiting， and information recording. However， multifunctional materials that simultaneously possess efficient and stable mechanoluminescent output， multimodal luminescence， good stability and repeatability， and recoverability remain relatively scarce for complex and variable environments. Herein， layered Ca3Ga4O9：xTb3+ gallate luminescent materials were prepared by a high-temperature solid-state method， and Ca3Ga4O9：0.01Tb3+ was selected as a representative sample to systematically investigate its crystal structure， luminescence properties， and luminescence mechanism through a series of structural and optical characterizations. The sample exhibits characteristic green emission of Tb3+ under both ultraviolet and X-ray excitation， together with long-persistent luminescence lasting for more than 200 s. Its mechanoluminescence intensity exhibits a linear dependence on the applied force， while maintaining good stability under repeated loading cycles. Furthermore， the attenuated mechanoluminescence performance can be effectively restored through ultraviolet-light recharging. Thermoluminescence analysis indicates that the dominant trap level of approximately 0.728 eV participates in carrier trapping， release， and recombination processes， thereby promoting efficient mechanoluminescent output. Based on its stress-visualization capability， a two-dimensional handwriting-information recognition application was constructed， demonstrating its potential application value in stress visualization and anti-counterfeiting identification.关键词：mechanoluminescence;Multimodal luminescence;traps;Gallate;Tb3+159|40|0更新时间：2026-07-16
- 摘要：Circularly Polarized Luminescence（CPL）， as an unique chiroptical phenomenon， essentially refers to the asymmetric radiation of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light by a luminescent system in the excited state. Its core evaluation parameters include the luminescence quantum yield （ΦPL） and fluorescence dissymmetry factor （glum）. Dye assemblies have emerged as the core platform for constructing high-performance CPL materials due to their prominent advantages such as tunable molecular structures， diverse assembly modes， and excellent optical properties. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of dye assembly-based CPL materials， focusing on the design strategies of CPL-active dye molecules， the construction methods of assemblies， and the mechanisms of chirality transfer. It elaborates on the current applications tatus of these materials in fields including organic optoelectronic devices， information encryption， bioimaging， and conducts an in-depth analysis of the challenges faced by current research and future development directions. By comprehensively organizing relevant domestic and international research achievements in recent years， this review aims to provide theoretical guidance and technical reference for the design， development， and practical application of novel high-performance CPL materials.关键词：Dye Assemblies;circularly polarized luminescence;Chirality Transfer;supramolecular assembly;glum193|56|0更新时间：2026-07-15
- 摘要：Phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes （pc-LEDs） based on a “blue GaN chip + short-wave infrared （SWIR） phosphor” architecture offer several advantages， including compact size， low power consumption， broad emission spectra， low cost， and ease of integration. They are therefore regarded as an important technological route toward portable and intelligent SWIR light sources. However， as the emission wavelength is further red-shifted from the near-infrared region to the SWIR region， phosphor materials typically suffer from significantly enhanced multiphonon nonradiative relaxation， leading to reduced external quantum efficiency， deteriorated thermal stability， and insufficient device output power. Recently， Li et al. reported a class of highly efficient Cr3+-doped ternary rare-earth sulfide phosphors， NaLnS2：Cr3+ （Ln = Lu， Y， Gd）. This study proposes and validates a new paradigm for SWIR luminescence that differs from the conventional crystal-field engineering strategy used in oxide phosphors. Specifically， the strong covalency of the sulfide host induces a pronounced nephelauxetic effect， reducing the effective electron–electron repulsion of Cr3+ 3d electrons and decreasing the energy separation between the 4T2 excited state and the 4A2 ground state， while the low phonon energy and weak electron–phonon coupling of the sulfide lattice suppress nonradiative losses. This synergistic mechanism overcomes the long-standing challenge in Cr3+-doped SWIR phosphors， where long-wavelength emission， high efficiency， and excellent thermal stability have traditionally been difficult to achieve simultaneously.关键词：short-wave infrared luminescence;ternary rare-earth sulfides;Cr3+;phosphor-converted LEDs272|70|0更新时间：2026-07-13
- 摘要：The crystallization quality of perovskite films is a crucial factor dictating the performance of perovskite solar cells （PSCs）. However， the crystallization process inevitably generates a multitude of intrinsic defects， which severely restrict the optoelectronic performance and compromise the environmental stability of the devices. Herein， we propose a defect passivation strategy based on dimeric grain-boundary bridges by innovatively introducing 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-carboxylic acid （HQC） as a bulk dopant in the perovskite. This approach successfully constructs dimeric molecular bridges at the perovskite grain boundaries while simultaneously passivating defects via bidentate chelation. Consequently， the HQC-modified PSCs yield an impressive power conversion efficiency （PCE） of 24.59%. Furthermore， the environmental stability of the devices is significantly enhanced.关键词：perovskite solar cells;dimer;lead defects284|68|0更新时间：2026-07-13
- 摘要：Radiative transitions are quantum-state transitions in matter quantum systems （such as atoms， ions， and molecules） caused by their interaction with the electromagnetic field， and accompanied by the emission or absorption of photons. Their theoretical description involves physical theories including quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics， as well as mathematical tools such as spherical tensors and group theory. Focusing on radiative transitions of doped ions in solids， this paper summarizes earlier related theories and aims to concisely introduce fundamental theories and mathematical expressions while maintaining rigor， and to clearly describe the underlying physical pictures and mechanisms. The topics covered include atomic quantum states， the quantized electromagnetic field， multipole radiative transitions and selection rules， stimulated absorption， stimulated emission and spontaneous emission， transition probability and excited-state lifetimes. The article also discusses f–f and 4f–5d transitions of rare-earth ions and d–d transitions of transition-metal ions， involving Judd–Ofelt theory， crystal-field theory， electron–vibration coupling， and the Dorenbos model，as well as statistical analysis， machine learning， and first-principles methods. This work may provide a theoretical reference for the study of rare-earth- and transition-metal-doped luminescent materials.关键词：radiative transition;theory;physical picture;f–f transition;d-d transition;4f–5d transition372|114|0更新时间：2026-07-09
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