β-NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺@β-NaYF₄:Yb³⁺的上转换发光特性

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{ "name": "text", "data": "@β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "相", "givenname": "国涛", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "XIANG", "givenname": "Guo-tao", "namestyle": "western", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [ "corresp", "first-author" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "XIANG Guo-tao, E-mail: xianggt@cqupt.edu.cn ", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "XIANG Guo-tao, E-mail: xianggt@cqupt.edu.cn " } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "相国涛(1988－)，男，黑龙江佳木斯人，博士，副教授，2016年于中国科学院大学获得博士学位，主要从事稀土上转换发光材料的研究。E-mail: xianggt@cqupt.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [], "data": [ [ { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "相国涛" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1988－)，男，黑龙江佳木斯人，博士，副教授，2016年于中国科学院大学获得博士学位，主要从事稀土上转换发光材料的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "xianggt@cqupt.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "xianggt@cqupt.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "刘", "givenname": "小桐", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "LIU", "givenname": "Xiao-tong", "namestyle": "western", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "夏", "givenname": "清", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "XIA", "givenname": "Qing", "namestyle": "western", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "江", "givenname": "莎", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "JIANG", "givenname": "Sha", "namestyle": "western", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], 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"lang": "zh", "label": "", "text": "重庆邮电大学 理学院, 重庆 400065", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "重庆邮电大学 理学院, 重庆 400065" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "", "text": "Department of Mathematics and Physics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Department of Mathematics and Physics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "利用溶剂热法制备了β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "核颗粒和β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "@β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0，20，50，70，100）核壳结构纳米颗粒。在未包覆β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "前，核纳米颗粒的尺寸约为30 nm；在包覆β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "壳层后，纳米颗粒的尺寸增加至40 nm左右，并且上转换绿光和红光分别提高了14倍和25倍。上转换发光强度能够增强如此之多是因为包覆的壳层有效地抑制了处于激发态的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与纳米颗粒表面缺陷之间的能量传递过程。随着壳层中Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂浓度的提高，纳米颗粒的尺寸并未发生明显变化，一直保持在40 nm左右。但是，纳米颗粒的上转换发光强度却随着Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度的提高而明显减弱。由于在980 nm波长的激光辐照时，大部分980 nm的光子会被纳米颗粒壳层中的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所吸收，能够被核中的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所吸收的980 nm光子数目非常少。然而，由于壳层中的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "距离核颗粒中的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "较远，使得二者之间的能量传递效率非常低，从而大大降低了纳米颗粒的上转换发光强度。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "In this work, a solvothermal process was used to synthesize the β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " core nanoparticles(NPs) and β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "@β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0, 20, 50, 70, 100) core-shell NPs. The size of the core NPs and core-shell NPs is about 30 nm and 40 nm respectively, implying that the thickness of the layer is 5 nm. After coating a β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " shell without Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " doping, the upconversion(UC) intensity is increased with a factor of 14 and 25 for green emission and red emission respectively, resulting from the suppression of deexcitation of Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions by the core-shell structure. However, the UC intensity is decreased dramatically with the increasing Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions concentration in the shell, due to the inefficient energy transfer process between the Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions in the shell and the Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions in the core caused by the large distance between them. As the β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " shell completely converts to β-NaYbF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", the UC intensity decreased 98.8% and 99.4% for green and red emission, respectively." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土离子" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "上转换发光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "能量传递" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "rare earth" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "upconversion" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "energy transfer" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近年来，三价稀土离子掺杂的上转换发光纳米材料因其具有特殊的光学性质而吸引了广大科研工作者的关注" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5" ], "text": "1-5", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在上转换发光过程中，激活剂离子通过吸收两个或者多个近红外光子而发射一个可见光子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。正是由于这一特殊的光学性质，使该类材料在生物成像、光动力治疗、光热治疗等方面有着极好的应用前景" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b7", "b8", "b9" ], "text": "7-9", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。更为重要的是，与传统的下转换材料如有机染料、量子点等相比，上转换材料具有谱线窄、寿命长、高光致稳定性以及低毒性等优点" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b10", "b11", "b12", "b13" ], "text": "10-13", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。然而，在将上转换材料应用于活体时，对于激发光的强度有着非常严格的限制以避免生物表皮灼伤，目前的上转换材料的发光强度还无法满足这一要求" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b14", "b15", "b16" ], "text": "14-16", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "被认为是最为高效的一种上转换基质材料，具有较低声子能量(360 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b17", "b18" ], "text": "17-18", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。关于提高β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的上转换发光强度的研究已广泛展开。其中，利用核壳结构提高上转换发光强度是较为有效的手段之一。例如，Veggel等制备了β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "@β-NaGdF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米颗粒，与未包覆β-NaGdF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "壳层的β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米颗粒相比，量子效率从0.1%提升至0.3%，这是由于核壳结构有效地抑制了处于激发态的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "向纳米颗粒表面缺陷的能量传递" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。然而，目前关于核壳结构的研究大多仅限于惰性壳层的包覆，对于壳层中Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂浓度对发光性质的影响还未见报道。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文利用溶剂热法制备了β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/ 2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "@β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " (" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0, 20, 50, 70, 100)纳米颗粒，并探讨了壳层中不同Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度对纳米颗粒的形貌、尺寸以及上转换发光性质的影响。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实验" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "化学试剂" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2-1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实验中所用的稀土氯化物是将相应的稀土氧化物溶于稀盐酸而得到，其中稀土氧化物的纯度均为99.99%；油酸和十八烯为Alfa Aesar公司生产；氢氧化钠、氟化铵、甲醇等由川东化工提供。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的制备" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2-2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "首先，按照量比分别称取YCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、YbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和ErCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "共计1 mmol，并与油酸(6 mL)和十八烯(15 mL)一同移入三颈烧瓶；接下来，将反应物加热至140 ℃后保温30 min形成稀土油酸盐络合物；随后，停止加热反应物，当其自然降温至50 ℃时注入10 mL甲醇溶液(含2.5 mmol氢氧化钠和4 mmol氟化铵)并保温30 min以使甲醇充分挥发；最后，在氮气气氛下，将反应物加热至300 ℃反应90 min，随后自然冷却至室温，形成目标产物。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "@β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0, 20, 50, 70, 100)纳米颗粒的制备" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2-3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "首先，按照量比分别称取YCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、YbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和ErCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "共计1 mmol，并与油酸(6 mL)和十八烯(15 mL)一同移入三颈烧瓶；接下来，将反应物加热至140 ℃后保温30 min形成稀土油酸盐络合物；随后，停止加热反应溶液，使其自然降温至80 ℃，加入含1 mmol β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米颗粒的环己烷溶液10 mL，并保温30 min；然后，再次停止加热反应物，当其自然降温至50 ℃时注入10 mL甲醇溶液(含2.5 mmol氢氧化钠和4 mmol氟化铵)并保温30 min以使甲醇充分挥发；最后，在氮气气氛下，将反应物加热至300 ℃反应90 min，随后自然冷却至室温，形成目标产物。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "样品表征" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2-4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "样品的XRD数据由布鲁克公司生产的D8型X射线衍射仪进行测试；样品的SEM图由日立公司生产的S-4800型场发射扫描电子显微镜测得；实验中所用到的光谱仪型号为爱丁堡公司生产的FLS920型，并配置了海特光电有限责任公司生产的可调谐980 nm激光器作为激发光源。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结果与讨论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "物相分析" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3-1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 1", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为所制备的β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "核纳米颗粒(简写为C)以及β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "@β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "核壳结构纳米颗粒(简写为CS-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")的XRD图谱。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 1", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可见，所制备样品的XRD衍射峰的相对强度及位置均与β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的标准卡片JCPDS 16-0334相符，并且没有探测到其他衍射峰。这表明，所有的样品均为纯六角相，并且Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "均嵌入到晶格之中形成了固溶体结构。另外，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 1", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中虚线所标注，随着壳层中Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度的增加，衍射峰逐渐向大角度方向偏移，这是由于Y" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(0.089 nm)被小半径的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(0.086 nm)替代后使得晶格膨胀而造成的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "样品的XRD图谱及β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的标准卡片" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "XRD patterns of the as-prepared samples as well as the standard XRD data of β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015803&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015803&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015803&type=middle" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "微观形貌" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3-2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 2(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 2(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是制备的β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "核纳米颗粒的SEM图，从图中可得核纳米颗粒的尺寸约为30 nm。在包覆一层β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "之后(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 2(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 2(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，纳米颗粒的尺寸增加至40 nm，即壳层厚度约为5 nm。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 2(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 2(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "~" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "(f)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(f)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，随着壳层中Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度的增加，纳米颗粒的尺寸未见明显变化。另外，每个样品都具有均匀的颗粒尺寸和良好的分散性。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "样品的SEM图片。(a)C；(b)CS-0；(c)CS-20；(d)CS-50；(e)CS-70；(f)CS-100。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SEM images of the nanoparticles. (a)C. (b)CS-0. (c)CS-20. (d)CS-50. (e)CS-70. (f)CS-100." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015804&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015804&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015804&type=middle" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "上转换发光性质" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3-3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 3", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是C和CS-0两个样品在980 nm激发下的上转换发光光谱。光谱中存在3个明显的发射带，分别归属于Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁、" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁及" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁。在包覆了β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "壳层后，纳米颗粒的上转换发光强度明显提高，绿光和红光分别提高了14倍和25倍。上转换发光强度之所以能够增强如此之多是因为包覆的壳层有效地抑制了处于激发态的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与纳米颗粒表面缺陷之间的能量传递过程。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C和CS-0的上转换光谱图，插图为相应的积分强度。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Upconversion(UC) spectra of C and CS-0. Insert is the integral intensities of the corresponding emission bands." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015806&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015806&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015806&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "接下来，我们研究了壳层中Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的掺杂浓度对纳米颗粒上转换发光性质的影响。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 4", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，随着壳层中Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂浓度的提高，纳米颗粒的上转换发光强度显著减弱。与CS-0相比，CS-100的绿光强度和红光强度分别下降了98.8%和99.4%。为了解释这一现象，我们绘制了如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 5", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的示意图。众所周知，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在980 nm处具有较大的吸收截面，因此在980 nm波长的激光辐照下，大部分980 nm的光子会被纳米颗粒壳层中的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所吸收，能够被核中的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所吸收的980 nm光子的数目应该非常少。然而，由于壳层中的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "距离核颗粒中的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "较远，使得二者之间的能量传递效率非常低，从而大大降低了纳米颗粒的上转换发光强度。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CS-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的上转换光谱图，插图为相应的积分强度。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Upconversion spectra of CS-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". Insert is the integral intensities of the corresponding emission bands." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015809&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015809&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015809&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "关于壳层中Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度影响纳米颗粒上转换发光强度的阐述" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Illustration about the decrease of UC intensity with the increasing Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " concentration in the shell" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015811&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015811&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015811&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了进一步探索纳米颗粒中Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "之间的能量传递过程，我们测试了Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的绿光和红光发射强度与激发功率密度之间的关系并作出双对数曲线，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 6", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。对于未饱和的上转换过程，发光强度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "应正比于激发功率密度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "次方，即" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∝" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是发射一个可见光子所需吸收的近红外光子数。" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的数值可以通过计算" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的双对数曲线的斜率获得。通过计算，我们得到绿光和红光的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值分别为1.7和1.9，表明二者均为双光子上转换过程。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "980 nm激发下，在CS-0中" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁和" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁的强度与激发功率密度的双对数曲线。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Power dependence curves for the " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " transition and " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " transition in CS-0 under 980 nm excitation wavelength" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015813&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015813&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015813&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据以上分析，我们得到在纳米颗粒中Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "之间的能量传递过程如下：首先，在980 nm波长激发下，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通过吸收980 nm光子由基态" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级跃迁至激发态" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级；接下来，被激发的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通过ET1过程将其能量传递给处于基态的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，使其跃迁至" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级；处于" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以从另外一个处于激发态的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "处再次获得能量而跃迁至" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级(ET2)，随后处于该能级的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通过无辐射弛豫过程布居至" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级而实现绿光发射。处于" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "还可以通过无辐射弛豫过程退激发至" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级，并通过ET3过程从处于激发态的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "处获得能量，使其自身布居至" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级而实现红色上转换发光。另外，" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级还可以通过" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级的无辐射弛豫过程实现布居。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "980 nm激发下，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的能级图和主要的上转换机制。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Energy level diagrams and dominant upconversion mechanisms in CS-0 following 980 nm excitation" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015815&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015815&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=3015815&type=middle" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文利用溶剂热法制备了β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/ 2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "核颗粒和β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":20%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "@β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "核壳结构纳米颗粒。在未包覆前，纳米颗粒的尺寸约为30 nm；在包覆β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "壳层后，纳米颗粒的尺寸增加至40 nm左右；随着壳层中Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂浓度的提高，纳米颗粒的尺寸并未发生明显变化，一直保持在40 nm左右。但是，纳米颗粒的上转换发光强度却随着Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度的提高而明显减弱。这是由于在980 nm波长的激光辐照下，大部分980 nm的光子会被纳米颗粒壳层中的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所吸收，能够被核中的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所吸收的980 nm光子的数目应该非常之少；同时，由于壳层中的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "距离核颗粒中的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", 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