基于啁啾光纤光栅激光器的温度传感特性 增强出版

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于啁啾光纤光栅激光器的温度传感特性" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Temperature Sensor Based on Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating Laser" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "罗", "givenname": "章", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "LUO", "givenname": "Zhang", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "罗章(1996-)，男，贵州遵义人，硕士研究生，2019年于北京联合大学获得学士学位，主要从事光纤传感与光纤激光器的研究。E-mail: kentlz1996@163.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919297&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919302&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919307&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "罗章" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1996-)，男，贵州遵义人，硕士研究生，2019年于北京联合大学获得学士学位，主要从事光纤传感与光纤激光器的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "kentlz1996@163.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "kentlz1996@163.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "何", "givenname": "巍", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "HE", "givenname": "Wei", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "董", "givenname": "明利", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "DONG", "givenname": "Ming-li", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mail: dongml@bistu.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mail: dongml@bistu.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "董明利(1965-)，女，辽宁海城人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，2009年于北京理工大学获得博士学位，主要从事视觉与光电检测、光纤传感与激光器、生物医学检测技术及仪器的研究。E-mail: dongml@bistu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919310&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919315&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919324&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "董明利" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1965-)，女，辽宁海城人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，2009年于北京理工大学获得博士学位，主要从事视觉与光电检测、光纤传感与激光器、生物医学检测技术及仪器的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "dongml@bistu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "dongml@bistu.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "张", "givenname": "雯", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "ZHANG", "givenname": "Wen", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "北京信息科技大学　光电测试技术及仪器教育部重点实验室，北京　100192", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "北京信息科技大学　光电测试技术及仪器教育部重点实验室，北京　100192" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "北京信息科技大学　光纤传感与系统北京实验室，北京　100192", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "北京信息科技大学　光纤传感与系统北京实验室，北京　100192" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "Beijing Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Systems, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Beijing Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Systems, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "提出并设计了一种环形腔掺铒光纤激光用于温度传感的方法。利用啁啾光纤光栅进行光学滤波，结合未泵浦掺铒光纤作为可饱和吸收体稳频，实现了环形腔掺铒光纤激光器单波长激光输出。通过温度变化实验，实现了单波长激光输出的温度传感测量。泵浦源输出功率为219 mW时，实现了1 555.25 nm单波长激光输出，3 dB线宽为0.06 nm，边摸抑制比为47.05 dB。实验中对1 555.25 nm单波长激光进行稳定性测试，10 min内激光输出功率变化为0.59 dB。利用温度加热平台对啁啾光纤光栅进行升降温实验，升温过程温度灵敏度为12.59 pm/℃，线性度为0.998 6，降温过程温度灵敏度为12.58 pm/℃，线性度为0.998 3。不同温度条件下对激光进行稳定性测试，在10 min监测时间范围内，50 ℃和300 ℃激光输出功率变化分别为0.27 dB和0.09 dB。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "An annular cavity erbium-doped fiber laser is put forward and designed, and used in the temperature measurement. Using chirped fiber Bragg grating for optical filtering and unpumped erbium-doped fiber as saturable absorber to stabilize the frequency, the single-wavelength laser output of annular cavity erbium-doped fiber laser is realized. Through the temperature experiment, the single-wavelength laser output is realized for temperature sensing measurement. When the output power of the pump source is 219 mW, the single-wavelength laser output of 1 555.25 nm is realized, 3 dB linewidth is 0.06 nm, and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) is 47.05 dB. In the experiment, the stability of the single-wavelength laser of 1 555.25 nm is tested, and the output power change is 0.59 dB during 10 min. The temperature sensitivity is 12.59 pm/℃ and the linearity is 0.998 6. The temperature sensitivity of the cooling process is 12.58 pm/℃, and the linearity is 0.998 3. The laser stability was tested at different temperatures. During 10 min, the output powers of the laser at 50 ℃ and 300 ℃ are 0.27 dB and 0.09 dB, respectively." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "光纤激光器" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "啁啾光纤光栅" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "可饱和吸收体" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "温度传感" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "fiber laser" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "chirped fiber Bragg grating" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "saturable absorbers" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "temperature sensing" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "光纤激光器由于其结构紧凑、低噪声、抗电磁干扰强等优点，在生物医学、机械加工、遥感、材料加工、激光传感、光通信等领域应用广泛" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2" ], "text": "1-2", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。近年来，窄线宽光纤激光器成为激光器发展的重要方向之一，具有输出激光线宽窄、高光束特性、稳定性高、边模抑制比高(Signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)等特点" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，在高分辨率光谱学、微波光子、光纤传感等领域具有良好的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "目前，国内外针对实现窄线宽激光输出的研究已经取得重大进展。利用光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg grating,FBG)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、保偏光纤光栅" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Mach-Zehnder干涉滤波器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、光纤Fabry-Perot滤波器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R8", "R9" ], "text": "8-9", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、光纤Lyot滤波器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Convex-shaped fiber ring(CSFR)滤波器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Sagnac环" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R12", "R13" ], "text": "12-13", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等光学器件实现了窄线宽激光输出。近年来，啁啾光纤光栅(Chirped fiber Bragg grating,CFBG)作为重要的光学滤波器件，在激光和传感领域也有广泛应用。Wang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出了一种基于啁啾光纤光栅可调谐单纵模光纤激光器，实现了1 535~1 565 nm宽波长范围激光输出；Guo等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通过CFBG实现了随机分布反馈的多波长激光输出；Cheng等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出了一种把CFBG放置在萨格纳克环中作为腔镜制作了线性腔可调谐四波长连续掺铒光纤激光器，该系统能输出从单波长到四波长的14种不同模式，所有输出激光具有良好的稳定性、线宽均小于0.28 nm、SNR大于20 dB;Lindberg等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "利用CFBG作为两端端面反射镜制作了C腔可调谐激光器，激光输出波长调谐范围达35 nm;Yang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "设计了窄线宽可调谐的光纤激光器，利用CFBG选择激光波长，输出线宽小于0.03 nm;Fukushima等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出了一种新型的可调谐掺铒光纤环形激光器(EDFRL)，采用级联长周期光纤光栅作为滤波器，温度测量范围为30~130 ℃，波长漂移间隔在5 dB光衰减器调制下波长由1 561.34 nm漂移至1 567.76 nm;Markowski等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出由两个啁啾光纤光栅组成的法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔进行应变和温度测量的方法。综上所述，利用CFBG作为光学滤波器件能够实现窄线宽光纤激光输出以及作为传感器件能够进行温度、应变等物理量传感测量。目前，对于CFBG光器件的研究主要还是作为宽带滤波器实现可调谐多波长输出，而对于利用CFBG实现单波长输出且进行激光温度传感研究目前还较少，因此对于开展CFBG进行光学滤波以及光纤激光温度传感研究具有重要的意义。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为实现窄线宽激光的输出，本文提出了以未泵浦的掺铒光纤作为可饱和吸收体稳频器件，与啁啾光纤光栅级联搭建单波长输出的窄线宽环形掺铒光纤激光器，并对窄线宽光纤激光器的输出性能进行了实验和分析，实现了单波长窄线宽激光稳定输出。利用外部加热平台对光纤激光器中CFBG光器件进行激光温度传感测试。实验现象表明CFBG在外部温度变换下，激光输出波长能够满足不同温度变化下的线性漂移。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "系统设计及原理" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "掺铒光纤激光器系统结构原理如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，976 nm泵浦光耦合进980/1550 nm波分复用器(Wavelength division multiplexer,WDM)的LD(Laser diode)接口，实验中利用环形器形成反向泵浦方式避免泵浦光进入到可饱和吸收体中影响可饱和吸收效果，WDM的另一输入端与环形器(Circulator)1端口连接，环形器2端口与未泵浦的掺铒光纤作为可饱和吸收体(Saturable absorber,SA)和啁啾光纤光栅级联接入掺铒光纤激光器系统中，环形器3端口输出光与分光比为50∶50的2×2耦合器(Optical fiber coupler,OC)的输入端相接，耦合器输出端口接入L波段增益光纤(L-band erbium-doped fiber,EDFL),OC的另一输出端口接入光谱仪(Optical spectrum analyzer,OSA)用以实时观测激光输出光谱，最后EDFL与WDM的输出端接入构成以掺铒光纤为增益介质的光纤环形腔激光器系统。使用威迅达公司生产的加热平台(Heating platform)对CFBG器件进行50~300 ℃温度传感实验。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "掺铒光纤激光器系统原理图" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Diagram of the erbium-doped fiber laser system" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919330&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919341&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919336&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "啁啾光纤光栅原理如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，CFBG是具有一定带宽的光学滤波器，与栅距固定不变的FBG相比，CFBG可以看作是含有多个单一栅区的FBG，每个栅区栅距均匀变化。对于线性啁啾光纤光栅，整个结构的栅区间隔如公式(1)所示:" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "啁啾光纤光栅结构图" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Structure chart of the chirped fiber Bragg grating" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919352&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919362&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919358&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919367&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919370&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919375&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Λ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为CFBG的初始间隔距离，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "F" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为CFBG的啁啾系数，反映啁啾量大小。CFBG的光反射原理满足光波耦合模理论，第" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "个栅区的光反射波长" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "λ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "如公式(2)所示:" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919380&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919384&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919387&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "eff" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为CFBG的有效折射率，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Λ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为光纤光栅的第" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "个栅区间距。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "未泵浦掺铒光纤作为可饱和吸收体原理如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，当掺铒光纤激光器泵浦出的信号光进入到SA后，与频率相同且方向相反的信号光在整个未泵浦掺铒光纤长度内会形成驻波分布，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。驻波的波腹处光强最大，波节处光强最小，驻波在SA内形成后，光强越大，吸收系数就会越小，光强越小，吸收系数就会越大。吸收系数在SA整个长度上呈现出周期性调制，因此折射率也会呈现周期性分布，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，相当于在SA内部写入具有一定带宽的振幅光栅，该光栅能够抑制光波传输过程中除形成驻波的纵模激光外其他纵模激光的产生，保证其单波长激光输出。实验系统为单向激光运行的环形腔光纤激光器系统，其光谱范围如公式(3)所示:" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "可饱和吸收体原理图。(a)光纤中的光强分布；(b)光纤中的折射率分布。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Diagram of the saturable absorber. (a)Distribution of intensity in the fiber. (b)Distribution of refractive index in the fiber." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919391&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919401&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919395&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(3)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919477&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919481&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919484&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "nl" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为搭建的光纤激光器系统的腔长。理论上，SA形成的振幅光栅反射带宽Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "<" }, { "name": "text", "data": "Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ν" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时，光纤激光器能够实现单波长激光输出。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "啁啾光纤光栅作为温度传感器件时，外界温度变化会改变CFBG有效折射率及光栅间隔，反射波长会随之改变，根据波长变化量与温度对应关系可以实现啁啾光纤光栅温度传感测量。根据麦克斯韦方程和耦合模理论可知，光纤光栅反射中心波长如公式(4)所示:" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(4)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919488&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919493&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919498&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "eff" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为光纤光栅有效折射率，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Λ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为光栅间距。对公式(4)两边进行微分可以得到中心波长漂移量，如公式(5)所示:" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(5)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919502&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919505&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919508&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "光纤光栅在不受外力作用只受温度变化时，FBG的中心波长变化量是温度的函数，由热膨胀效应和热光效应引起的光栅周期和折射率变化情况如公式(6)、(7)所示:" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(6)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919510&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919512&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919515&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF6" } }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(7)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919517&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919522&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919525&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF7" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "α" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为光纤的热膨胀系数，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ξ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为热光系数。将公式(6)、(7)代入公式(5)后得到中心波长变化量与温度的函数:" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(8)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919528&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919531&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919534&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF8" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "K" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为线性拟合函数的斜率即温度灵敏度。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实验过程及结果分析" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "按照" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的结构搭建了基于CFBG滤波和SA稳频的掺铒光纤激光器。实验系统搭建前，利用外部宽带光源(Amplified spontaneous emission, ASE)对光纤光栅器件CFBG(讯天宇公司生产，型号为ID:160412-25;Wavelength:1 551.299 nm;Bandwidth:12.657 nm;Reflectivity:99.96%)光反射谱及光透射谱进行测量，ASE波段范围为1 529~1 605 nm，功率为13 dBm。实验中光谱仪采集分辨率为0.05 nm(Yokogawa Co.AQ6375)，可检测波段范围为1 200~2 400 nm。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为CFBG的光反射谱与光透射谱，根据光反射谱与光透射谱光谱数据分析，CFBG中心波长为1 549.40 nm，带宽为12.41 nm。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CFBG的反射谱与透射谱" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Reflection spectrum and transmission spectrum of CFBG" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919537&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919543&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919540&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据实验原理(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，对光纤激光器环形器2端口不接入CFBG和SA、只接入CFBG不级联SA、接入长度为0.5 m SA和1 m SA且都级联上CFBG等4种情况进行了实验对比分析，并通过光谱仪检测不同情况光谱信息。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，光纤激光器中没有接入SA和CFBG，从OSA数据可以发现，调模现象十分明显；如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，只有CFBG接入光纤激光器时，CFBG的滤波效果出现，但仍然有调模现象发生；如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，0.5 m长SA与CFBG级联接入光纤激光器时，稳频现象不明显，调模现象没有得到很好抑制；如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，SA长度设定为1 m时，激光系统会出现单波长激光输出情况，但是仍有其他模式跳变情况，激光输出不稳定。最后通过选择2.2 m长度的SA与CFBG级联接入光纤激光器系统后，能够稳定输出单波长激光。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SA和CFBG不同级联情况分析。(a)不级联SA和CFBG;(b)只级联CFBG;(c)级联0.5 m长SA和CFBG;(d)级联1 m长SA和CFBG。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Analysis of different connections between SA and CFBG. (a)Without SA and CFBG. (b)With CFBG. (c)0.5 m SA and CFBG. (d)1 m SA and CFBG." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919546&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919552&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919549&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "泵浦功率为219 mW时，实现了光纤激光器1 555.25 nm单波长激光稳定输出。1 555.25 nm单波长激光光谱信息如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，1 555.25 nm激光的SNR为47.05 dB,3 dB线宽为0.06 nm。保持泵浦功率为219 mW、室温26 ℃不变条件下，对1 555.25 nm激光的稳定性进行测试与分析，在间隔2 min扫描间隔内对其输出光谱进行监测，在监测过程中，没有观察到其他波长激光模式跳变现象。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可见，在10 min监测时间范围内，1 555.25 nm单波长激光功率变化为0.59 dB,3 dB线宽均小于0.07 nm。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "单波长激光光谱分析。(a)SNR;(b)3 dB 线宽；(c)1 555.25 nm激光稳定性；(d)1 555.25 nm激光功率波动。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Spectrum analysis of single-wavelength laser. (a)SNR. (b)3 dB linewidth. (c)1 555.25 nm laser stability. (d)Power fluctuation of 1 555.25 nm laser." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919555&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919561&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919558&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "保持泵浦功率为219 mW和室温26 ℃不变条件下，利用外部加热平台对CFBG进行温度传感特性分析，温度变化范围50~300 ℃，温度以50 ℃步长递增，每个温度点等待30 min，待外部加热平台温度稳定后对激光输出波长进行光谱信息采集。50~300 ℃升温过程激光输出波长漂移情况如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，激光输出波长由短波向长波方向漂移，波长漂移及功率变化情况如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，升温过程激光输出波长由50 ℃时1 555.32 nm向300 ℃时1 558.42 nm漂移，整个升温过程激光波长输出功率没有发生明显的波动，功率变化为0.37 dB。根据激光波长与温度拟合曲线可知，升温过程中，温度灵敏度为12.59 pm/℃，线性度为0.998 6。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "升温示意图。(a)升温波长漂移；(b)温度灵敏度与功率变化。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic of heating. (a)Wavelength-shift acquired during heating. (b)Temperature sensitivity and power fluctuation." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919564&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919568&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919566&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "同样条件下，300~50 ℃降温过程激光输出波长漂移情况如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，激光输出波长由长波向短波方向漂移，波长漂移及功率变化情况如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。降温过程中，激光输出波长由300 ℃时1 558.44 nm向50 ℃时1 555.31 nm漂移，整个降温过程激光波长输出功率没有发生明显的波动，功率变化为0.27 dB。根据激光波长与温度拟合曲线可知，降温过程温度灵敏度为12.58 pm/℃，线性度为0.998 3。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "降温示意图。(a)降温波长漂移；(b)温度灵敏度与功率变化。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic of cooling. (a)Wavelength-shift acquired during cooling. (b)Temperature sensitivity and power fluctuation." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919572&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919581&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919577&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "保持泵浦功率为219 mW和室温26 ℃不变条件下，加热平台设置为50 ℃时，对1 555.32 nm单波长激光输出的光谱稳定性进行测试。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，在10 min扫描时间内，间隔2 min对激光光谱数据进行采集，采集数据中没有观察到明显的模式跳变现象。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，50 ℃时5次数据采集功率没有发生明显的波动，功率变化为0.27 dB,10 min扫描时间间隔内其波长3 dB线宽均小于0.07 nm,SNR均大于40 dB。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "单波长激光光谱稳定性。(a)50 ℃ 1 555.32 nm 激光稳定性；(b)1 555.32 nm激光功率波动。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Spectrum stability of single-wavelength laser. (a)50 ℃ stability of 1 555.32 nm laser. (b)Power fluctuation of 1 555.32 nm laser." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919583&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919590&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919588&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在相同测试条件下，加热平台设置为300 ℃时，对1 558.42 nm单波长激光输出的光谱稳定性进行测试。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，在10 min扫描时间内，间隔2 min对激光光谱数据进行采集，采集数据中没有观察到明显的模式跳变现象。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，300 ℃时5次采集数据功率没有发生明显的波动，功率变化为0.09 dB,10 min扫描时间内激光输出波长3 dB线宽均小于0.07 nm,SNR均大于40 dB。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F10", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "单波长激光光谱稳定性。(a)300 ℃ 1 558.42 nm激光稳定性；(b)1 558.42 nm激光功率波动。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Spectrum stability of single-wavelength laser. (a)300 ℃ stability of 1 558.42 nm laser. (b)Power fluctuation of 1 558.42 nm laser." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919595&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919603&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22919598&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "通过对设计的窄线宽掺铒光纤激光器的光谱输出特性、3 dB带宽和固定温度波长稳定性进行测试和分析，验证了一种基于啁啾光纤光栅进行光学滤波与级联方式相接的可饱和吸收体进行稳频的掺铒光纤激光器的可行性和有效性。该方法也能很好地避免其纵模的跳变，提高了激光输出波长的稳定性，设计的整个光纤激光器激光输出系统能较好地进行温度传感测量。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文提出并分析了采用CFBG与SA级联稳频技术进行全光纤结构单波长激光输出的方法，实现中心波长为1 549.40 nm、带宽为12.41 nm CFBG和长度为2.2 m SA选型，实现了单波长激光稳定输出。单波长激光输出中心波长为1 555.25 nm,3 dB线宽为0.06 nm,SNR为47.05 dB。在10 min的监测时间内，输出激光功率变化为0.59 dB,SNR均大于40 dB，并对实验系统中的CFBG进行了50~300 ℃的温度特性分析。实验表明，本系统所采用的CFBG升温时的温度灵敏度为12.59 pm/℃，线性度为0.998 6；降温时的温度灵敏度为12.58 pm/℃，线性度为0.998 3。并对温度变化后50 ℃和300 ℃的激光输出波长稳定性进行测试，功率变化为0.27 dB和0.09 dB。该CFBG与SA级联方式稳频的光纤激光器具有结构紧凑、光谱输出性能良好以及温度传感测量时功率变化较小等特点，在光纤激光器及光纤传感领域等方面具有广阔的应用前景。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址:http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20210304." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献:" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "AHMAD M T" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "MUHAMMAD A R" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ZAKARIA R" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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