碳点在鲁米诺和草酸酯化学发光体系中的研究进展 增强出版

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "碳点在鲁米诺和草酸酯化学发光体系中的研究进展" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Research Advances in Carbon Dot-based Luminol and Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescent Systems" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "沈", "givenname": "成龙", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "SHEN", "givenname": "Cheng-long", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "沈成龙(1992-)，男，河南固始人，博士研究生，2017年于郑州大学获得硕士学位，主要从事化学碳纳米材料的合成与应用的研究。E-mail: phyclshen@gmail.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208412&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208415&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208419&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "沈成龙" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1992-)，男，河南固始人，博士研究生，2017年于郑州大学获得硕士学位，主要从事化学碳纳米材料的合成与应用的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "phyclshen@gmail.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "phyclshen@gmail.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "娄", "givenname": "庆", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "LOU", "givenname": "Qing", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mail: louqing1986@zzu.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mail: louqing1986@zzu.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "娄庆(1986-)，男，河南睢县人，博士，副教授，2015年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事碳基纳米发光材料与光电器件的研究。E-mail:louqing1986@zzu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208443&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208447&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208454&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "娄庆" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1986-)，男，河南睢县人，博士，副教授，2015年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事碳基纳米发光材料与光电器件的研究。E-mail:" }, { "name": "text", "data": "louqing1986@zzu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "louqing1986@zzu.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "单", "givenname": "崇新", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "SHAN", "givenname": "Chong-xin", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor2", "lang": "en", "text": "cxshan@zzu.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "cxshan@zzu.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "单崇新(1977-)，男，河南长垣人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，2004年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，国家杰出青年基金获得者，教育部“长江学者奖励计划”特聘教授，主要从事金刚石光电材料与器件的研究。E-mail: cxshan@zzu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208458&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208462&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208467&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "单崇新" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1977-)，男，河南长垣人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，2004年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，国家杰出青年基金获得者，教育部“长江学者奖励计划”特聘教授，主要从事金刚石光电材料与器件的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "cxshan@zzu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "cxshan@zzu.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "郑州大学物理学院　材料物理教育部重点实验室，河南 　 郑州 　 450052", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "郑州大学物理学院　材料物理教育部重点实验室，河南 　 郑州 　 450052" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "作为一种无需光、热、声、电、磁激发的自发光现象，化学发光已经在化学分析检测、冷光源、生物成像等领域得到了广泛应用。对于多数化学发光体系而言，其化学发光性质不仅取决于化学反应的底物，更与化学反应中使用的催化剂和发光中间体相关。碳点是一种新型的零维发光碳纳米材料，以其优异的物理化学性质和丰富的结构形貌已在各种化学发光体系中获得了广泛的应用。本文主要从鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯两种常见化学发光体系出发，总结了碳点在鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯化学发光体系中的相关研究进展，探讨了碳点在鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯基化学发光中可能存在的作用机制，以及碳点在鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯化学发光体系中的相关应用。为合成具有特定化学发光性能的纳米材料提供思路，有望推动化学发光纳米材料的进一步发展。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "As a self-luminescence phenomenon without light, heat, sound, electricity and magnetism excitation, chemiluminescence has been widely used in chemical analysis, cold light source, bioimaging and related fields. For most chemiluminescent systems, their chemiluminescence depends not only on the substrates of chemical reactions, but also on the catalysts and chemiluminescent intermediates. Carbon dots are a new type of zero-dimensional luminescent carbon nanomaterials, which have been widely used in various chemiluminescent systems due to their excellent physicochemical properties, rich structure and morphology. On basis of the chemiluminescent systems of luminol and peroxyoxalate, this paper summarizes the research advances in carbon dot-based luminol and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescent systems, also discusses the possible mechanism and related application of carbon dot-based chemiluminescence in luminol and peroxyoxalate systems, which provides ideas for the synthesis of nanomaterials with specific chemiluminescent properties and promotes the further development of chemiluminescent nanomaterials." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "碳点" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "化学发光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "鲁米诺" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "过氧草酸酯" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "应用" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "carbon dots" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "chemiluminescence" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "luminol" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "peroxyoxalate" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "application" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "化学发光是一种无需光、热、声、电、磁等能量触发的发光现象，由于其发光过程不会引入背景光干扰以及不会在发光过程中产生表观电流而被广泛应用于照明、成像等诸多领域" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5", "R6", "R7", "R8", "R9", "R10", "R11", "R12" ], "text": "1-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。对于多数化学发光体系而言，由于其自身化学发光效率低或者实际需求的发光波长不同，往往需要一类材料作为催化剂或发光体以提高发光效率或者实现发光波长的转变" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R13", "R14", "R15", "R16" ], "text": "13-16", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。随着纳米技术的发展，这类用于化学发光的纳米材料已经从荧光小分子发展到半导体聚合物纳米粒子、量子点、聚集诱导发光纳米粒子和无机金属纳米粒子等发光纳米材料，然而这些材料存在价格昂贵、发光波长单一、发光效率低、化学稳定性差以及生物毒性不明等缺点" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R17", "R18", "R19" ], "text": "17-19", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，探索新型发光纳米材料在不同化学发光体系中的发光现象并开发其相关应用具有极大的实际应用价值。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "发光碳点(Carbon dots,CDs)作为一种新型的零维碳纳米材料，由于其具有的优异的物理化学性质和丰富的形貌结构，以及低制备成本、高发光效率、可调发光波长等优点，已经在光致发光、电致发光、磷光、延迟荧光、电化学发光和化学发光等诸多领域取得了广泛的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R20", "R21", "R22", "R23", "R24", "R25", "R26", "R27", "R28", "R29", "R30", "R31", "R32", "R33", "R34", "R35", "R36", "R37", "R38", "R39", "R40" ], "text": "20-40", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。由于具有优异的化学惰性、良好的生物相容性以及易于功能化的优点，碳点在不同的化学发光体系中展现出极大的应用潜力" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R41", "R42", "R43", "R44", "R45" ], "text": "41-45", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯作为目前使用最为广泛的化学发光试剂，其在化学冷光源、生物成像、疾病诊断等诸多领域得到了广泛的应用，探索碳点在两种化学发光体系中的发光现象并开发其应用具有极大的价值。基于此，本文主要从鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯化学发光体系出发，探讨了碳点在鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯化学发光体系中可能存在的作用机制(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，以及在此基础上鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯化学反应推动的碳点的化学发光及其相关应用，为合成具有特定化学发光性能的纳米材料提供思路，有望推动化学发光纳米材料的进一步发展。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "碳点在鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯化学发光体系中的发光机制示意图" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic of the mechanism in CD-based luminol and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescent systems" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208471&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208477&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208473&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　碳点的结构与化学发光应用" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "自2004年Xu等首次通过电化学蚀刻单壁碳纳米管制取了在紫外灯下具有明亮发光的碳纳米颗粒以来" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，具有不同形貌结构的含碳发光纳米粒子，如荧光碳纳米粒子(Carbon nanoparticles,CNPs)、碳量子点(Carbon quantum dots,CQDs)、石墨烯量子点(Graphene quantum dots,GQDs)、碳化聚合物点(Carbon Polymer Dots,CPDs)、碳纳米点(Carbon nanodots,CNDs)、β相碳化氮纳米晶(β-C" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " Nanocrystals)等发光碳颗粒被研究者通过不同方法制备出来" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "55", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R55", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "55" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R47", "R48", "R49", "R50", "R51", "R52", "R53", "R54", "R55" ], "text": "47-55", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。对于这些具有不同结构和发光性能的纳米粒子，均可以称之为碳点。到目前为止，碳点已经成为一类内部由sp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/sp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "碳成分组成而表面具有不同官能团或长链化合物的零维含碳纳米材料的统称" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "58", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R58", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "58" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R56", "R57", "R58" ], "text": "56-58", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。而在此基础上，根据纳米材料表面官能团和内部结构的不同，碳点可以大致分为4个种类:石墨烯量子点(Graphene quantum dots,GQDs)、碳量子点(Carbon quantum dots,CQDs)、碳纳米点(Carbon nanodots,CNDs)以及碳化聚合物点(Carbon polymer dots,CPDs)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于不同的制备方法获得的碳点的结构和组分具有差异，碳点的荧光起源具有不同的解释。一些研究者认为碳点的高效发光来源于小分子聚合后形成的高分子分立能级引起的发光。长链高分子进一步交联后会导致发光效果进一步增强。Vallan等通过可控缩聚柠檬酸和乙二胺前驱体，制备了具有不同发光性能的碳点。通过对碳点的光谱以及形貌结构表征并结合密度泛函理论(DFT)模拟计算，证明了这些聚酰胺链之间的光诱导电荷转移是其高效蓝色荧光发射的起源，提出了碳点蓝色荧光源于交联的聚合长链中的超分子增强电荷传输(Supramolecular-enhanced charge transfer)机制" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "59", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R59", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "59" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。另一些研究者认为碳点的发光来源于其内部的共轭碳核或表面局域态发光。研究者认为碳点的前驱体在碳化的过程可以形成石墨相结构，导致碳点内部形成大的共轭π键，产生碳核激发和发射。当激发的电子空穴被表面存在的局域态或表面态捕获时，其也可展现出一定的发光能力" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于当前多种多样的碳点而言，由于优异的物理化学性质和丰富的形貌结构，以及低制备成本、高发光效率和可调的发光波长，使其在光致发光、电致发光、磷光、延迟荧光、电化学发光和化学发光等诸多领域获得应用(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。荧光碳点具有合成方法多样、合成价格低廉、环境污染小等优点，这是其相比其他纳米材料的重要优势之一。此外，由于碳点独特的结构，一些碳点具有优异的双光子发射现象。由于双光子发射的激发光位于红外区域，其对生物体具有很好的穿透深度。具有双光子发射特征的碳点已经在生物成像等相关领域取得了广泛的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在诸多化学发光体系中，考虑到碳点作为发光体独特的表面结构和发光性能，进而开发其化学发光应用具有如下多种优势:(1)低制备成本和良好的生物相容性使碳点有望解决传统化学发光生物成像探针昂贵的成本问题；(2)优异的光发射能力和化学稳定性使碳点有望实现高效长寿命化学发光，从而实现生物成像或化学冷光源中的应用；(3)光发射波长从紫外到近红外区可调，使碳点有望实现全色谱的化学发光发射，从而取代传统化学发光染料；(4)存在近红外区域光发射碳点的相关报道证明碳点拥有用于深层组织穿透能力的化学发光成像及相关的检测应用潜力；(5)特殊纳米结构和丰富表面官能团使碳点在靶向释放药物等方向存在良好的应用前景。因此，探索碳点在各种化学发光系统中的化学发光现象，调查碳点在不同化学发光体系中的发光规律，从而调控碳点在不同化学发光体系中的化学发光性能，进而开发碳点在不同化学发光体系中的应用，具有极其重要的研究意义和实际应用价值。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "碳点的分类及其在相关发光领域的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { 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fields" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R38", "R39" ], "text": "38-39", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R62", "R63", "R64", "R65", "R66" ], "text": "62-66", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208481&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208488&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208485&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　碳点在鲁米诺化学发光体系中的研究进展" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近年来，随着纳米技术的发展，各种新型化学发光底物被不断开发并广泛应用于化学冷光源、生物成像、疾病检测等诸多领域，而在这些不同的化学发光体系设计中，使用最多的化学发光底物仍是鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯。因此，充分认识鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯体系的化学发光机制，并合理设计化学发光发光体材料以满足各种实验需求便具有了一定的意义。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "鲁米诺学名3-氨基苯二甲酰肼，是一种一环状二酰肼。自1928年Albrecht首次观察到鲁米诺的化学发光现象以来，关于鲁米诺及其衍生物的相关化学发光过程被不断研究，以确定化学反应过程中氧化剂和催化剂、试剂浓度、温度、溶剂极性、粘度或pH值等影响因素与反应中间体的相互作用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。鲁米诺分子本身不具有高效化学发光性质，在实际的化学发光过程中，需要一定的氧化剂使其氧化才能实现化学发光，但对于其具体化学反应过程和相关的反应机制目前仍不清楚。当前的研究结果已经证明鲁米诺的化学发光反应途径取决于该反应所用的反应介质。在非质子溶剂(如二甲基亚砜)中，强碱能够导致鲁米诺二氮的产生，在与分子氧反应后可以产生化学发光。而在水溶液中，目前研究均显示鲁米诺存在一系列的氧化过程，其具体化学反应涉及了脱质子化步骤以及与过氧化氢或超氧自由基的反应。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在化学发光机理研究方面，该体系化学反应途径涉及含O—O和N" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208494&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208524&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208519&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N键杂环的内过氧化物，以及从该内过氧化物脱氮形成的环过氧化物作为关键中间体。可以简单地认为，鲁米诺在碱性水溶液中形成叠氮醌，叠氮醌与过氧化氢作用生成不稳定的桥式六元环过氧化物，氧化过程中产生的化学能量被氨基邻苯二甲酸根离子所吸收，使其处于激发状态，而当激发态的中间体以辐射跃迁形式释放能量，便可以产生425 nm的光辐射(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。由于鲁米诺本身化学发光性能易受外界因素影响，具有不同性能的纳米材料被发现可以用于调控该化学发光体系的具体性能。一方面，不同的具有催化性能的材料被开发以增强鲁米诺化学发光的亮度，增加反应时间亦或者减少该化学发光反应所需的苛刻条件。例如，Yang等报道了新制备的氧化石墨烯增强鲁米诺化学发光现象" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "68", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R68", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "68" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。由于其π网络平面上大量的π共轭碳自由基直接引发鲁米诺长时间的可见化学发光，其可以有效提高鲁米诺化学发光反应时间及减少化学发光过程中所必需的条件(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。另一方面，利用鲁米诺反应过程中生成的激发态中间体与发光体之间的能量共振转移，即化学发光共振能量转移(Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer,CRET)，可以实现特定波长的化学发光发射。例如，Huang等证明了鲁米诺和CdTe量子点之间的有效CRET以及鲁米诺/过氧化氢化学发光反应中的发光波长红移至量子点自身波长。在此基础上，他们开展了该化学发光体系在抗体的免疫相互作用中的应用(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "69", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R69", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "69" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "鲁米诺与过氧草酸酯化学发光体系的原理与相关应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "68", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R68", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "68" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "69", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R69", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "69" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R68", "R69" ], "text": "68-69", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)水溶液中鲁米诺化学发光可能的原理；(b)氧化石墨烯触发的鲁米诺化学发光及原理；(c)CdTe量子点在鲁米诺化学发光体系中的CRET及在免疫检测中的应用。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Mechanism and application of luminol-related and peroxyoxalate-related CL reactions" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "68", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R68", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "68" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "69", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R69", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "69" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R68", "R69" ], "text": "68-69", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)Possible mechanism of luminol-related CL in aqueous solution. (b)Luminol-related CL triggered by GO and its principle. (c)CRET of CdTe quantum dots in luminol-related CL and its application in immunoassay." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208529&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208540&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208536&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在鲁米诺化学发光体系中，关于碳点的报道主要集中于碳点的催化性能，即在鲁米诺化学发光反应中引入碳点以增强鲁米诺化学发光的亮度、增加发光时长或者减少该化学发光反应所需的苛刻条件。2013年，Wang等通过水热处理富勒烯制备了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵钝化碳纳米点(CTAB-CDs)，发现该碳点可以作为一种优良的催化剂用于提高鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系在NaOH介质中的化学发光强度(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "70", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R70", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。进一步研究发现，CTAB-CDs可以有效地催化分解过氧化氢生成羟基自由基和超氧自由基，进而羟基自由基和超氧自由基在碳点表面有效地生成" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，导致了鲁米诺化学发光有效增强。而Guo等证明在鲁米诺和其他氧化剂的化学发光反应中，碳点同样存在增强作用(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "71", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R71", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "71" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。研究者认为，在鲁米诺相关的化学发光反应中，碳点的固有催化活性可以有效催化溶液中溶解的氧分解而产生超氧自由基阴离子，导致化学发光增强。在该体系化学发光分析检测应用方面，Chen等采用水热法制备了S、N共掺杂碳点，发现该碳点可以增强鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系的化学发光强度，而雷尼替丁(一种治疗溃疡用药)可以猝灭鲁米诺-过氧化氢-碳点体系的化学发光强度(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "72", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R72", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "72" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。进一步利用流动注射检测装置实现了雷尼替丁的定量检测，其线性范围为0.5~50 μg·mL" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，检测限为0.12 μg·mL" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。而Wang等以葡萄糖为碳前驱体，采用超声法制备的碳点可以在极低浓度的碱性介质中催化鲁米诺与高锰酸钾的化学发光反应(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。同时，研究发现异萘酚可以进一步增强碳点-鲁米诺-高锰酸钾体系的化学发光强度" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "73", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R73", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "73" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。利用这一点，可以实现异萘酚的定量检测，其线性检测范围为0.1~10.0 μmol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，检测限为23.0 nmol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。Zhang等以抗坏血酸为碳源，氨水为氮源，采用超声法制备了氮掺杂碳点(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。研究发现合成的碳点能显著增强碱性条件下鲁米诺与高锰酸钾的化学发光反应，而微量的Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可导致碳点-高锰酸钾-鲁米诺体系的化学发光强度显著降低" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其原因归于Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与碳点表面的NH" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和C" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208545&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208552&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208548&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等基团形成络合物，导致碳点聚集和超氧自由基清除。在此基础上，研究者利用该体系实现了Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的定量检测，其线性范围为0.3~50.0 μmol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，检测限为43.0 nmol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "碳点催化鲁米诺化学发光与相关应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "70", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R70", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R70", "R71", "R72", "R73", "R74" ], "text": "70-74", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)碳点作为催化剂增强鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系原理及相关的化学发光光谱" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(b)碳点在鲁米诺和其他氧化剂的化学发光反应中的增强作用及引入碳点后鲁米诺的化学发光光谱" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(c)S、N共掺杂碳点增强鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系的化学发光强度原理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(d)碳点-鲁米诺-高锰酸钾体系及其对异萘酚的检测原理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(e)碳点-高锰酸钾-鲁米诺体系及其对Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的检测原理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "55", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R55", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "55" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CL of luminol catalyzed by CDs and their related applications" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "70", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R70", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R70", "R71", "R72", "R73", "R74" ], "text": "70-74", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)Principle and luminescence spectra of luminol-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " CL system enhanced by CDs as catalyst" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)Enhancement of CDs in the CL reaction of luminol-oxidants and the CL spectra with CDs " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (c)Principle of luminol-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " CL system enhanced by S and N co-doped CDs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (d)CDs-luminol-KMnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " CL system and its applications in the detection of isonaphthol" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (e)CDs-luminol-KMnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " CL system and its applications in the detection of Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "55", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R55", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "55" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208592&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208603&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208599&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此外，在2017年，Vázquez-González等进一步设计了具有类似辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)性能的Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "官能化的碳点" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。该类碳点在鲁米诺-过氧化氢的化学发光反应中，可以作为催化剂极大地增加鲁米诺体系的化学发光强度(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。研究者发现，引入了Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子修饰的碳点表现出非均相催化剂的性能，可以实现辣根过氧化物酶的功能，同时，其显示出与天然辣根过氧化物酶相比更高的过氧化物酶活性pH值范围。在此基础上，Duan等以柠檬酸为碳源，Cu(NO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·3H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O为掺杂剂，采用固相合成法合成了Cu掺杂碳点(Cu-CDs)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "76", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R76", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "76" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。研究发现，制备的Cu-CDs比辣根过氧化物酶具有更高的类过氧化物酶活性，可以催化鲁米诺-过氧化氢产生化学发光(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在此基础上，采用葡萄糖氧化酶氧化葡萄糖生成过氧化氢的方法，利用化学发光检测技术，实现了对葡萄糖的灵敏检测，其检测限为0.32 μmol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。进一步利用该化学发光体系进行血糖检测时，发现该检测系统在血清样品的回收率和相对标准偏差分别为87.2%~112.2%和8.16%(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=6)。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "具有辣根过氧化物酶功能的碳点及其应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "76", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R76", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "76" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R75", "R76" ], "text": "75-76", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)具有辣根过氧化物酶功能Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "修饰的碳点作为非均相催化剂在鲁米诺化学发光和氧化多巴胺为氨基铬中的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(b)Cu-CDs催化鲁米诺-过氧化氢产生化学发光及其对葡萄糖灵敏检测的原理和结果" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Horseradish peroxidase-like CDs and their applications" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "76", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R76", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "76" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R75", "R76" ], "text": "75-76", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)Application of Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " modified CDs with horseradish peroxidase function as heterogeneous catalysts in luminol CL and oxidation of dopamine to amino chromium" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)Mechanism of the CL of luminol-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " catalyzed by Cu-CDs and its application in the sensitive detection of glucose" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208612&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208630&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208621&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此外，Yang等探索了以luminol-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-HRP反应产生的化学发光作为细胞内的光源驱动光动力治疗系统并实现了肿瘤治疗应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。研究者通过选择和设计，使用碳点作为载体、鲁米诺作为发光底物和Chlorene6(Ce6)作为光敏剂，制备了一个高效、一体化的化学发光体系(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。通过对吸收光谱和发射光谱进行有目的的调控，合成了亮黄色发光碳点，增强了碳点吸收与鲁米诺发光的重叠区域，进而增强了碳点与鲁米诺体系中高能中间体之间的化学发光共振能量转移(CRET)和荧光共振能量转移(FRET)(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，实现了化学发光诱导的碳点-Ce6系统在生物体外活性氧的产生，以及进一步利用产生的活性氧对小鼠体内肿瘤的生长的抑制(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "以鲁米诺-过氧化氢-辣根过氧化物酶反应产生的化学发光在光动力治疗中的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)碳点-Ce6的制备过程。(b)鲁米诺化学发光及其作为光源产生活性氧的原理；(c)化学发光光动力治疗在小鼠癌症治疗的示意图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CL of luminol-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-HRP reaction and its application in PDT" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)Preparation process of CDs-ce6. (b)CL of luminol-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and the production of ROS with the CL as light source. (d)Schematic of CL PDT in the treatment of cancer in mice." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208633&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208649&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208642&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在该项研究中，研究者发现，化学发光诱导的碳点-Ce6系统在体外可以成功地产生活性氧，其在细胞培养中可以杀死90%的SMMC-7721细胞(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。而在小鼠肿瘤模型实验中，可以显著延缓小鼠肿瘤的生长(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。通过对增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和血小板/内皮细胞粘附分子-1(PECAM-1或CD31)的免疫组化结果的研究，发现化学发光诱导的碳点-Ce6系统具有良好的肿瘤治疗效果。研究者认为该系统增强的肿瘤治疗效果归因于两个方面:一个是直接的碳点增强的Ce6和鲁米诺中间体之间的CRET过程导致的，另一个是CRET过程之后碳点介导的Ce6和鲁米诺自身发光之间的FRET(CRET-to-FRET)过程的结果。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "化学发光光动力治疗在体外活性氧的产生和体内肿瘤治疗的结果" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)不同样品在SMMC-7721细胞中诱导的活性氧的定量研究；(b)不同实验组对小鼠肿瘤模型中肿瘤生长的抑制作用。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Production of ROS " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in vitro" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and the results of tumor treatment " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in vivo" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " by CL PDT" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)Quantitative study of ROS induced by different samples in SMMC-7721 cells. (b)Inhibitory effect of different experimental groups on tumor growth in mouse tumor model." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208653&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208662&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208658&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　碳点在过氧草酸酯化学发光体系中的研究进展" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "过氧草酸酯是指以多氯代水杨酸酯类化合物与草酸氯反应生成的草酸酯化合物，自20世纪60年代该类化合物的化学发光现象被报道以来，该类反应物由于其高效率、高亮度的化学发光现象而被广泛用于各类化学发光冷光源。在该体系化学发光机理方面，根据Vacher等总结的常见化学发光体系中的化学发光动力学过程，过氧草酸酯体系的化学发光机制可归结于化学致电子交换发光过程(Chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence,CIEEL)，其化学发光的激发态产物被认为是一类具有单重态或三重态的二氧乙烷分子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。对于这些激发态产物，其在化学反应过程中除了发光外，还同时经历与辐射跃迁时相同的光物理和光化学过程(暗态过程)，例如C—C键断裂、光还原、［2+2］环加成、共轭二烯烃的猝灭等，而这些竞争过程均会导致该体系化学发光效率的降低(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。以常见的双草酸酯(TCPO、TNPO)为例，在存在荧光物质作为发光体时，双草酸酯首先被过氧化氢氧化生成具有激发态的中间态产物(1,2-二氧乙烷)，在这一阶段，反应体系的发光效率与双草酸酯生成高能中间体的产率具有一定关系。此后，生成的高能中间体与荧光物质交换电子，使荧光体激发，在这一过程中，反应体系的发光效率与高能中间体和荧光体之间的电荷传递效率具有依赖关系。最后，激发态的荧光体以光辐射的形式退激发并产生光发射，而这一过程中荧光体的发光效率也在一定程度上决定了化学发光的最终产率(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "过氧草酸酯化学发光体系的原理与相关应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "77", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R77", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "77" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R77", "R78" ], "text": "77-78", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)过氧草酸酯化学发光反应过程中一类具有单重态或三重态的二氧乙烷分子及其相关反应动力学过程；(b)常见双草酸酯化学发光反应机制；(c)基于半导体聚合物纳米粒子的一体化纳米粒子中的发光过程；(d)基于聚集诱导发光纳米粒子的一体化纳米粒子中的发光过程。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Mechanism and application of peroxyoxalate-related CL reactions" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "77", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R77", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "77" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R77", "R78" ], "text": "77-78", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)Possible dioxane molecule with singlet or triplet state and its related reaction kinetics process in the CL process of peroxyoxalate. (b)Common CL reaction mechanism of peroxalate. (c)Luminescence process of the nanoparticles based on SPNPs. (d)Luminescent process in nanoparticles based on AIE nanoparticles." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208667&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208676&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208674&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "利用双草酸酯反应过程中的高能中间体与发光体之间的电子交换转移，可以实现各种不同波长的化学发光的发射，同时，通过调节反应物底物的结构，使用催化剂或者调节反应温度等因素，可以实现对该体系化学发光亮度、寿命等因素的调控。此外，利用纳米共聚的技术，将双草酸酯和发光体组装制备一体化纳米粒子以实现不同的化学发光应用，已经得到了广泛研究。例如，Zhen等利用纳米共聚，使用半导体聚合物纳米粒子作为发光体，实现了化学发光用于活性氧检测(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "77", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R77", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "77" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";Mao等利用纳米共聚，使用聚集发光纳米粒子作为发光体，实现了化学发光指导的癌症治疗(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，在纳米医药等领域显示了极好的应用前景。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于过氧草酸酯化学发光体系中过氧草酸酯生成的高能中间体自身化学发光效率较低，往往需要一类发光材料作为发光体获取化学能，从而实现高效长寿命的化学发光。而在过氧草酸酯的化学发光体系中关于碳点的报道是基于碳点与过氧草酸酯化学反应过程中生成的高能中间体的能量交换。为了实现高效、多色的化学发光，在2019年，Shen等以柠檬酸和尿素为前驱体，通过调节不同溶剂条件，实现了碳点的石墨化程度和共轭sp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "结构域的大小的调控，从而通过溶剂热法合成并进一步纯化了具有不同荧光颜色的碳点(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其制备的荧光碳点在水溶液中具有明亮的蓝色、绿色、红色的纯色荧光(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。在此基础上，以制备的碳点作为化学发光发光体，将其加入到双草酸酯(CPPO)和过氧化氢混合溶液中时，便可以观察到明亮的、持续时间长的蓝色、绿色和红色的纯色化学发光(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。进一步对该化学发光系统进行测量，可以发现在这些以碳点为基础的过氧草酸酯化学发光系统中，其红色碳点化学发光量子产率(CL QY)最大，可以达到9.32×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " einsteins·mol" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其最大亮度可达到3.28 cd·m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，化学发光寿命长达186.4 s，其结果在所有关于碳点的化学发光研究中，均为最佳值。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "化学发光碳点的制备、荧光性质与化学发光性质" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)不同碳点的制备方法；(b)不同碳点的荧光激发发射谱；(c)不同碳点的化学发光照片及光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Preparation, PL and CL properties of chemiluminescent CDs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)Preparation of different CDs. (b)Fluorescence excitation-emission spectra of different CDs. (c)CL photos and spectra of different CDs." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208682&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208693&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208685&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "研究者进一步通过测量该化学发光反应过程前后碳点的电子顺磁共振谱(ESR)、荧光光谱、吸收光谱等，确认化学发光反应前后碳点的结构变化。通过实验表征，证明了碳点在该化学发光体系中的化学发光源于碳点与化学发光反应中双草酸酯被过氧化氢氧化生成的高能中间体之间的电子交换转移(CIEEL)(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。在此基础上，进一步以不同发射波长的碳点为研究对象，排列了碳点分子轨道最高占据轨道能级(HOMO)与最低未占据轨道能级(LUMO)以及双草酸酯化学发光反应高能中间体的最低未占据轨道能级，探究了轨道排布和碳点的化学发光效率之间的关系。研究发现，荧光碳点的化学发光效率与其最低未占据轨道能级和高能中间体最低未占据轨道能级的差值具有一定的线性关系。证明了碳点的高效化学发光来源于其自身轨道能级与过氧草酸酯体系中高能中间体能级之间恰当的排布导致的高效电子交换转移，从而为制备具有高效、长寿命的化学发光碳点提供了研究思路。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F10", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "碳点的化学发光原理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic of the CL mechanism of CDs" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208702&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208730&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208707&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在此基础上，研究者利用荧光碳点作发光墨水，通过喷墨打印的方式将碳点打印，使用双草酸酯/过氧化氢喷涂，实现了荧光/化学发光双重模式的信息读取。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，在加密过程中，将一些阿拉伯数字或图案以碳点乙醇溶液为油墨打印在滤纸上，在自然光条件下肉眼无法观察到打印出来的信息。而当使用CPPO和H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的混合物溶液喷撒在纸上时，在纸张表面上可以产生明亮的化学发光，在此情况下，用肉眼即可清楚地观察到加密信息(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。除此之外，多种加密图案(正方形、模式、徽章、线条和字母)可以通过使用不同的碳点乙醇溶液填充墨盒实现(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。在此基础上，利用乙酸钠对碳点纸基化学发光的猝灭作用，实现了基于碳点的化学发光的“阅后即焚”信息加密的概念。在使用通信系统常用的摩斯码作为加密模块时，其加密的信息只能解码一次，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，碳点和混合碳点/乙酸钠被用作墨水A和B，其打印的信息表示“破折号”和“点”。在紫外光下，只能看到类似的荧光点，而在喷洒了双草酸酯和过氧化氢的混合溶液后，可以在长达3 min的时间里分辨出亮斑和暗斑，并且根据摩斯码的规则可以很容易将信息解密。这些研究结果表明，化学发光成像技术可以为数据加密和反加密提供更多的选择。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F11", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "碳点在显示和信息加密中的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)基于碳点的化学发光的信息加密和解密示意图；(b)在商业纸张上以碳点为油墨打印数字后在日光下的照片和在黑暗中喷涂双草酸酯/过氧化氢溶液前后的照片；(c)不同图案的纸基化学发光图像；(d)基于碳点化学发光的阅后即焚的信息加密示意图及其展示。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Application of chemiluminescent CDs in display and information encryption" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)Schematic of information encryption and decryption based on the CL of CDs. (b)Pictures of commercial paper with the printing of the digital image with CDs as ink taken in sunlight and dark before and after spraying CPPO/H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " solution. (c)Different patterns of paper-based CL images. (d)Schematic of the burn-after-reading information encryption process based on CD based CL system." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208734&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208743&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208739&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在该体系化学发光分析检测方面，Shen等以柠檬酸和尿素为原料，合成了在365 nm紫外灯下具有红色荧光、在双(2, 4, 6-三氯苯基)草酸酯(TCPO)与过氧化氢化学反应中具有深红色化学发光的碳点。在此基础上，利用实验室搭建的化学发光检测分析装置，研究了TCPO-CDs-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "化学发光体系在检测方面的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "80", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R80", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "80" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，该碳点溶液在365 nm紫外光照射下表现出明亮的深红色荧光，其最佳激发-发射位置位于594,654 nm。在使用TCPO作为化学发光底物、将碳点的乙醇溶液加入到混合后的TCPO乙酸乙酯溶液和过氧化氢乙醇溶液中时，可以通过肉眼观察到明亮、持久的红色发光，其化学发光峰位于650 nm附近(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。进一步使用实验室常用化学发光分析装置对其化学发光强度与三种反应实际的量进行了定性分析，发现在化学发光检测分析装置中，碳点的化学发光信号强度与碳点和两种反应底物的浓度在较大范围内均有很好的线性关系。在此基础上，利用TCPO-CDs-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "化学发光体系实现了过氧化氢的定量检测分析(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，使用碳点作为化学发光探针，利用TCPO作为发光底物，可以实现对过氧化氢的选择性和灵敏性检测。研究发现，该化学发光体系对过氧化氢具有很好的选择性，同时其化学发光强度具有很好的相关性，在0~15 mmol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "范围内，该检测方法可以实现对过氧化氢的选择性检测，其检测限低至11.7 μmol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。使用该碳点作为化学发光探针，探究了该体系在葡萄糖氧化酶存在的情况下对葡萄糖检测的可能性(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。实验发现，该检测体系对葡萄糖具有很好的选择性，同时其化学发光强度具有很好的相关性，在0~10 mmol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "范围内，该检测方法可以实现对葡萄糖的选择性检测，该检测体系对葡萄糖的检测限低至12.6 μmol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。由于健康人类血糖范围为3.9~6.1 mmol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，因而该检测体系有望用于人类血糖浓度检测与健康监测。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F12", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TCPO-CDs-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "化学发光体系及其在过氧化氢和葡萄糖检测中的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)碳点溶液的荧光性质；(b)碳点的化学发光性质；(c)化学发光用于过氧化氢检测示意图及化学发光信号强度与过氧化氢浓度的关系；(d)化学发光用于葡萄糖检测示意图及化学发光信号强度与葡萄糖浓度的关系。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CL system of TCPO-CDs-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and its application in the detection of H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and glucose" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)PL spectrum of CDs solution. (b)CL spectrum of CDs. (c)Schematic of the CL system for the detection of H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and the relationship between the CL intensity and H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " concentration. (d)Schematic of the CL system for the detection of glucose and the relationship between the CL intensity and glucose concentration." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208748&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208758&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208753&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于柠檬酸与碳链较长的分子(二乙基甲酰胺(DEF)中的乙基)之间发生了有效的脱水反应，DEF作为极性非质子传递溶剂可加剧脱水反应并增加碳点的结合度，从而使碳点的发光进一步红移。Shen等以柠檬酸和尿素为反应物，采用溶剂热法，通过调控反应溶剂，在DEF中合成了具有深红-近红外发射的碳点" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，该碳点溶液在365 nm紫外灯的激发下显示出明亮的深红色发光，其最大光致发光发射峰在642 nm左右，尾端延伸到近红外区域(" }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "650 nm)。当将碳点溶液添加到CPPO和H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "混合溶液中，可以观察到明亮的化学发光，其发射光谱的峰值(≈647 nm)与其光致发光相一致。此外，研究者使用化学发光分析检测仪器测量该碳点基化学发光系统在存在不同氧化剂以及不同浓度的过氧化氢时的化学发光强度，证明了该化学发光系统对H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的选择性，以及化学发光强度与H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度的线性关系。进一步，使用十八胺和聚乙二醇胺(mPEG-NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")作为表面活性剂，对该碳点进行表面改性，制备了一种表面具有长链的疏水碳点(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。通过对修饰前后碳点的吸收光谱1H核磁共振谱(NMR)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表征证明了修饰后的碳点的疏水性来自经功能化的烷基链。同时，经过修饰后的碳点在CPPO-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "混合溶液中仍然可以发射出明亮的深红/近红外化学发光。为了探索碳点基化学发光在体外和体内的成像应用，研究者通过亲疏水自组装将修饰后的碳点、CPPO和嵌段聚合物PEG-b-PPG-b-PEG进行纳米共聚制备一体化纳米粒子(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。使用动态光散射和透射电子显微镜表征发现，所获得的碳点聚合纳米粒子动力学直径约为40 nm，其大小适用于生物医学标记和诊断应用。同时，将该纳米粒子放入H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "溶液后可以观察到其微弱的化学发光(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，其化学发光表现出与相应的稳态光致发光光谱一致的发射，可以持续数十分钟，证明了碳点聚合纳米粒子的细胞毒性较低，展现了在CL生物成像中的潜在应用。在此情况下，研究者首先使用小动物成像系统(IVIS)对该碳点聚合纳米粒子在水中对存在外源H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时系统的光致发光和化学发光能力进行了评估。研究发现，在不同浓度的H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "水溶液中，测量的纳米粒子的光致发光强度几乎保持不变，而其化学发光强度随H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度的增加而有显著增加，其中化学发光强度在0~1.0×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " mol·L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "范围内呈现线性关系(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14(a)~(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14(a)~(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。进一步，研究者评估了纳米粒子的活体穿透深度，在将碳点纳米粒子添加到不同浓度的H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "水溶液中后，在麻醉的小白鼠皮下注入这些含有不同浓度的H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的混合液，使用IVIS测量小鼠皮下在540 nm光照下的光致发光和无光照情况下的化学发光强度。研究发现，混合溶液在小鼠皮下展现了较强的光致发光和化学发光积分强度，证明了碳点深红/近红外发光良好的皮下穿透作用(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14(d)、(f)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14(d)、(f)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。而在这些混合溶液中，含有不同浓度H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的混合溶液在小鼠皮下展现了相同强度的光致发光(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，而表现出不同的化学发光强度(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14(g)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14(g)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，其化学发光强度随H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度线性增加，展现了对过氧化氢浓度良好的线性关系。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F13", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近红外化学发光碳点的荧光和化学发光性质以及表面修饰和一体化纳米粒子制备" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)制备的碳点的荧光和化学发光性质；(b)修饰后碳点的化学发光性质；(c)一体化化学发光纳米粒子制备示意图；(d)一体化纳米粒子的荧光和化学发光光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "PL and CL properties of NIR chemiluminescent CDs, the surface modification and the preparation of all-in-one nanoparticles" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)PL and CL properties of the prepared CDs. (b)CL properties of the modified CDs. (c)Preparation of all-in-one nanoparticles. (d)Fluorescence spectrum of the mixture of nanoparticles and H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208760&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208773&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208766&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F14", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "纳米粒子在生物成像中的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)纳米粒子用于生物成像示意图；(b)纳米粒子其荧光和化学发光对过氧化氢响应的照片；(c)纳米粒子其荧光和化学发光对过氧化氢的响应；(d)纳米粒子与过氧化氢混合液在小鼠皮下的荧光照片；(e)皮下实验纳米粒子其荧光对过氧化氢的响应；(f)纳米粒子与过氧化氢混合液在小鼠皮下的化学发光照片；(g)纳米粒子其化学发光对过氧化氢的响应。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.14" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Application of all-in-one nanoparticles in bioimaging" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)Schematic of nanoparticle for bioimaging. (b)PL and CL pictures of the nanoparticles in H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " taken by IVIS. (c)Response of PL and CL intensity of the nanoparticles in H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " taken by IVIS " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in vitro" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (d)PL pictures of mice after the injection of the mixture of nanoparticles H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " taken by IVIS " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in vivo" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (e)PL response of nanoparticles to H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " taken by IVIS " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in vivo" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (f)CL pictures of mice after the injection of the mixture of nanoparticles H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " taken by IVIS " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in vivo" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (g)CL response of nanoparticles to H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " taken by IVIS " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in vivo." } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208778&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208803&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208781&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "当生物体患有炎症或癌症等疾病时，组织细胞会产生大量的内源性活性氧(ROS)，其主要成分是H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，因此，可以通过监测内源性H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度来实现对这些疾病的早期诊断和治疗。于是，研究者通过对小鼠腹膜内注射脂多糖(一种细胞内毒素)用于诱发小鼠腹膜炎，通过小鼠腹膜炎建立生物体内源性H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发光检测模型。在该模型中，三组腹腔炎小鼠模型分别进行不同处理:空白组首先被注射生理盐水后注射纳米粒子；实验组首先被注射脂多糖后再被注射纳米粒子；参照组在注射脂多糖前先注射谷胱甘肽(LPS)，之后在同样情况下再注射纳米粒子，在孵育一段时间后，再注射该纳米粒子后进行光致发光成像和化学发光成像。研究发现，三组小鼠展现相似的光致发光照片，其光致发光强度几乎未变(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图15(a)、(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15(a)、(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。而小鼠的化学发光图片具有很大的不同(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图15(c)、(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15(c)、(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，实验组诊断信号比空白组小鼠的化学发光信号高2.5倍，而对照组小鼠的化学发光信号相比实验组强度降低了40%。与正常的对比组信号相比，增强或降低的化学发光强度可以有效监测活体动物的炎症疾病，证明了该纳米探针对生物体内活性氧的成像能力。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "碳点与小分子化学发光染料在过氧草酸酯-过氧化氢化学发光中的化学发光效率" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CL QYs of the CDs and small-molecule in the CL system of CPPO-H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "样品" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": 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"79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CDs" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "642" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9.98×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-3" } ] } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ], "graphics": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208815&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208809&type=" } } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F15", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "纳米粒子在小鼠腹膜炎成像中的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)不同处理的小鼠的荧光成像照片；(b)不同处理的小鼠的荧光发光强度；(c)不同处理的小鼠的化学发光成像照片；(d)不同处理的小鼠的化学发光强度。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.15" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Application of nanoparticles in the imaging of mouse peritonitis" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)PL imaging of mice with different treatments. (b)PL intensity of mice treated with different methods. (c)CL images of mice with different treatments. (d)CL intensity of mice treated with different methods." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208820&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208834&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21208828&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5　结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文总结了在鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯体系中碳点的化学发光现象和相关应用。这些结果证明碳点在两种化学发光体系中与反应物的相互作用机制和相关应用。在此过程中，使用碳点作为催化剂、能量传递介质、发光体具有以下优势:" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)碳点作为催化剂增强鲁米诺化学发光，可以有效提高该体系的化学发光强度，同时通过合理设计碳点结构可以获得具有过氧化物辣根酶类似催化性能的碳点，可以有效减少鲁米诺化学发光反应条件。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)使用碳点作为能量传递介质可以将鲁米诺的化学能量传递，实现化学发光能量的特殊应用(如光动力治疗)。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(3)碳点合适的能带结构可以使其与双草酸酯反应过程中生成的高能中间体之间具有高效的能量传递，使用碳点作为双草酸酯/过氧化氢反应体系中的发光体可以实现高效、多色、长寿命的化学发光。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(4)由于深红-近红外光对生物体高的穿透深度，碳点在双草酸酯的深红-近红外化学发光在物质检测和生物成像等领域具有极大的应用前景。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "总之，碳点作为一种优异的发光材料，其在鲁米诺和过氧草酸酯体系中的化学发光现象已经取得了一定的研究结果。通过合理设计碳点的结构和调控碳点的发光性能，可以实现碳点化学发光的定向应用。然而，对于碳点在鲁米诺化学发光反应体系中利用鲁米诺的化学能通过能量传递机制实现碳点的多色化学发光未见报道。同时，碳点在鲁米诺反应体系中的应用仍有待进一步开发。而对于过氧草酸酯体系中碳点的化学发光，其化学发光效率和发光亮度仍然较低，发光时间仍然较短，同时相关的应用仍有待进一步开发。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址:http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20210171." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献:" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "HUANG J G" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LI J C" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LYU Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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