最新刊期
卷 47 ， 期 8 ， 2026
- 摘要：With the rapid development of wearable electronics， intelligent sensing， and flexible interactive technologies， human-machine interfaces are demanding increasingly real-time， intuitive， and convenient modes of information feedback. As an emerging platform for human-machine interaction， alternating current electroluminescence-based visual sensors can directly convert external stimuli into optical signals， thereby advancing the development of human-machine interaction. However， existing visual sensors generally rely on external alternating current excitation and still suffer from limited flexibility， insufficient system integration， and an inadequate ability to convert weak stimuli into clearly discernible visual signals. To address these issues， this paper presents a humidity-sensitive visual film sensor based on field-induced luminescence. The sensor adopts a multilayer flexible architecture consisting of a skin-adhesive layer， a conductive layer， a luminescent layer， and a sensing layer. Within the relative humidity （RH） range of 40%-95%， the sensor exhibits a pronounced high-contrast optical response at an ionic liquid （［EMIM］［TFSI］） mass fraction of 2%. Owing to its excellent conformability， flexibility， and stretchability， it can be stably laminated onto the human body and readily accommodate complex deformations. By integrating alternating-current electroluminescence with a humidity-responsive gel， we established a humidity-induced luminescence mechanism that enables direct visual readout of humidity variations. Meanwhile， through an energy-transfer pathway established between the human body and the ambient electromagnetic field， the film can be wirelessly driven without the need for a conventional rigid power supply， thereby improving both portability and operational versatility. Furthermore， by exploiting the natural humidity of human skin， the film enables contactless visual interaction， offering a new design strategy for flexible， wireless， and perceptive human-machine interfaces， and demonstrating its potential for applications in smart interactive displays and wearable electronics.关键词：wireless actuation;visualized sensing;contactless interaction167|87|0更新时间：2026-08-27
Cover Story
- 摘要：Mechanoluminescence， the light emission of solids under mechanical actions， presents broad application prospects due to its unique advantages of self-powering capability， visualized response， and high sensitivity. This review highlights the emerging applications of mechanoluminescent materials in self-powered sensing， engineering structural health monitoring， information security， and biomedical imaging. Strategies for enhancing brightness and spectral regulation are briefly discussed， alongside current challenges such as insufficient mechanistic understanding. Future opportunities in flexible electronics and intelligent sensing are also envisioned. These insights aim to provide valuable references for advancing the practical implementation of mechanoluminescence technologies.关键词：mechanoluminescence;Stress sensing;information security;biomedical applications860|348|0更新时间：2026-08-27
- 摘要：Tactile sensing is essential for high-dimensional perception in embodied intelligence， yet conventional electrical sensors are limited by complex readout， electromagnetic interference， and restricted imaging resolution. Mechanoluminescence materials， which directly convert mechanical stimuli into optical signals， offer a promising alternative for visualized and interference-resistant tactile sensing. This review summarizes recent advances in ML materials for tactile sensing， focusing on key performance metrics and optimization strategies， including sensitivity enhancement， improved cycling stability， extended sensing range， and signal-to-noise ratio optimization. Progress in high-resolution tactile imaging and multimodal sensing is further highlighted. Representative applications in electronic signatures， artificial skin， human-machine interfaces， and soft robotics are discussed. Finally， critical challenges， including static stimulus response， multimodal signal decoupling， and system integration， are analyzed. This review provides insights into the design of next-generation ML-based tactile sensing systems.关键词：luminescent materials;mechanoluminescence;Tactile sensing;Tactile imaging;Artificial intelligence334|208|0更新时间：2026-08-27
Invited Paper
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Research Progress on Core/Shell Structured Perovskite Nanocrystals and Their Light-emitting Diodes 增强出版 AI导读
摘要：Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes have advantages such as high color purity， wide color gamut， and facile solution processability. In recent years， their performance has developed rapidly， and the external quantum efficiency of the devices has exceeded 30%. “Core/shell” perovskite nanocrystals are particularly effective in improving luminescent properties and stability because of their unique architecture and customized semiconducting properties. A major focus in this review is the classification of “core/shell” perovskite nanocrystals and the mechanism by which the shell affects the perovskite. This review then summarizes how shell coating strategies improve the performance of perovskite materials and devices， along with recent progress in this area. We also discuss the difficulties and challenges of shell-coating technology for fulfilling efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes， and offer an outlook on future development directions.关键词：perovskites;core/shell structures;nanocrystals;light-emitting diodes362|93|0更新时间：2026-08-27 -
Research Progress on Synthesis, Optical Properties and Applications of Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots 增强出版 AI导读
摘要：Graphene carbon nitride quantum dots （g-C3N4 QDs） have attracted widespread attention due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. These materials show remarkable advantages in structure， morphology and photoelectric performance. They are characterized by facile chemical functionalization， tunable properties， good biocompatibility and excellent dispersibility in various media， which endow them with promising application prospects in photocatalysis， biomedicine， sensing， bioimaging， solar cells and other fields. This paper reviews the synthesis， optical properties and applications of g-C3N4 QDs， and prospects the optimization of synthetic strategies， functional design and application expansion.关键词：Carbon nitride quantum dots;synthesis;optical properties;application373|122|0更新时间：2026-08-27
Invited Review
- 摘要：Although the performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes （PeLEDs） has seen significant breakthroughs in the red and green spectral bands， achieving efficient blue PeLEDs remains limited by severe non-radiative recombination in the emission layer and unbalanced charge injection. In this study， we propose a bulk-interface synergistic optimization strategy to improve the luminous efficiency of blue PeLEDs. Experimental results show that EABr doping in the quasi-2D perovskite PEA2（CsPbBr3）2PbBr4 blue-shifts the emission spectrum from 519 nm to 480 nm and effectively suppresses non-radiative recombination. Furthermore， PSS-Na is introduced into PEDOT∶PSS to form an m-PEDOT∶PSS/PVK bilayer hole transport structure with PVK. The incorporation of PSS-Na increases the work function of PEDOT∶PSS， thereby reducing the hole injection barrier and enhancing hole transport efficiency. Meanwhile， the carbazole groups in PVK effectively passivate defects in the light-emitting layer and suppress exciton quenching. Based on this bulk-interface synergistic optimization strategy， the luminance of the PeLEDs increases from 258 cd/m2 to 1 087 cd/m2， and the external quantum efficiency （EQE） increases from 4.98% to 12.7%. This work provides a promising pathway for realizing high-performance blue PeLEDs.关键词：Blue PeLEDs;Bulk-interface synergistic optimization;EABr doping;Dual HTL292|103|0更新时间：2026-08-27
Research Letter
- 摘要：Efficient blue-light-excited near-infrared （NIR） phosphors are of great significance for bioimaging and night vision. We synthesized Ln3+ （Cr3+， Yb3+， Nd3+， Er3+） and Pt4+ co-doped Cs2ZrCl6 NIR phosphors via the coprecipitation method. Based on the Cs2ZrCl6 double perovskite structure， Ln3+ doping led to various NIR-Ⅰ and NIR-Ⅱ emissions （Cr3+： 900 nm， Yb3+： 1 002 nm， Nd3+： 1 070 nm， Er3+： 1 539 nm）. Pt4+ sensitization enables blue-light excitation， which can match blue chips. Through the analysis of the decay curve， this process can be ascribed to the combined effects of energy transfer and energy migration. Notably， the Nd3+-doped sample achieved a photoluminescence quantum yield of 16.0%. A NIR phosphor-converted LED device was fabricated using this phosphor and a blue chip， demonstrating its potential in night vision applications. By comparing the photoluminescence and other properties of Bi3+， Sb3+， Te4+ and Pt4+ doped Cs2ZrCl6 phosphors and combining with first-principles calculations， the intrinsic mechanism of the unique blue light absorption ability of Pt4+ was analyzed. It was hypothesized that this mainly stemmed from the larger exciton binding energy caused by the smaller ionic radius， thus reducing the energy required for excitation. These findings reveal how the structure influences the self-trapped exciton （STE） binding energy， providing guidance for the design of blue-excited STE phosphors.关键词：Near-infrared luminescent materials;self-trapped excitons;energy transfer;first-principles calculations421|112|0更新时间：2026-08-27
- 摘要：The second near-infrared（NIR-Ⅱ） photoluminescence exhibits distinct advantages for imaging due to its deeper penetration and superior resolution. Mn5+ features ultra-narrow emission in the NIR-Ⅱ region， however， it still remains challenging to fulfill Mn5+ emission due to valence state instability. Mn-doped Li3PO4 compounds are synthesized by conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction method， the possible Mn substitution sites are predicted through density functional theory calculation， the influences of sintering temperature（600~700 ℃） and atmosphere（Air， O2） on Mn5+ 1 120 nm emission intensity are investigated in detail， and clarified the physical mechanism of O2 benefiting for improving Mn5+ emission. Finally， the optimal composition Li3PO4∶0.01Mn5+（650 ℃+O2） is obtained. NIR pc-LED is fabricated based on the phosphor’s good thermal stability（T50=435 K） and its potential application on anti-counterfeit information identification is explored. This work is expected to provide research thoughts on synthesizing and regulating Mn5+-activated luminescent materials through high-temperature solid-state reaction method.关键词：Mn5+;NIR-Ⅱ emission;modulation strategies;sintering atmosphere672|160|0更新时间：2026-08-27
Editor's Choice
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Luminescence Mechanisms and Applications of Transition-metal-doped Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots 增强出版 AI导读
摘要：Cadmium sulfide （CdS） quantum dots， as classical Ⅱ-Ⅵ semiconductor light-emitting materials，have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent optical properties such as high quantum yield and tunable emission spectra. However， their intrinsic band-edge emission mechanism leads to a small Stokes shift and severe self-absorption effects. Furthermore， the inherent surface defects associated with their high surface-to-volume ratio easily trigger non-radiative recombination， significantly limiting their further applications in optoelectronic devices and biosensing. To overcome these intrinsic performance bottlenecks， introducing transition metal ions （such as Mn2+， Cu+/Cu2+， Ag+， and Co2+） into the CdS lattice has emerged as an effective strategy to address this core problem. Doping alters the exciton recombination pathway by introducing intermediate energy levels， which not only effectively alleviates these limitations but also endows these materials with long luminescence lifetimes， large Stokes shifts， and additional magnetic and photocatalytic functionalities. This review summarizes recent advances in transition-metal-doped CdS quantum dots. First， the luminescence mechanisms and ultrafast carrier dynamics associated with different dopant ions in the CdS matrix are discussed. Second， strategies for improving luminescence efficiency through precise control of dopant locations and surface passivation are reviewed. Finally， recent applications in white light-emitting diodes （LEDs）， fluorescence sensing， photodetectors， and photocatalysis are summarized， and the challenges associated with developing cadmium-free alternatives as well as future research directions in this field are discussed.关键词：CdS quantum dots;transition-metal doping;luminescence mechanisms;fluorescence sensing;optoelectronic devices485|175|0更新时间：2026-08-27 - 摘要：In this study， a novel luminescent derivative A-TPA-N with both TICT and AIE properties was successfully constructed by introducing triphenylamine donor units and naphthalimide acceptor units into the rigid skeleton of dehydroabietic acid. The luminescence mechanism was analyzed by a mixed-solvent fluorescence testing system， with a focus on the dual-channel emission behavior under different excitation wavelengths， as well as the regulation rules of solvent polarity and aggregation effect on the LE state and ICT state luminescence. Moreover， the natural chiral skeleton successfully induced circularly polarized luminescence. This work provides a new strategy for the development of high-performance natural biochiral luminescent materials， and these materials have potential application value in fields such as display and bioimaging.关键词：dual-channel emission;twisted intramolecular charge transfer;aggregation-induced emission;rosin219|78|0更新时间：2026-08-27
- 摘要：Dual-band lasers operating at 1.0 μm and 1.5 μm are of great importance for applications such as coherent optical communication， two-color microscopy， and multimodal biosensing. However， traditional single-core co-doped fibers face inherent challenges of energy transfer competition and gain coupling between different rare-earth ions， making it difficult to achieve the independent regulation of luminescence at both bands. To address this issue， this study proposes a dual-core fiber design based on a spatial separation strategy， placing Yb3+-doped and Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped regions in two independent cores to effectively suppress energy transfer competition from a structural perspective and achieve independent regulation of 1.0 μm and 1.5 μm dual-band luminescence. Through the optimization and regulation of silicate glass composition combined with molecular dynamics simulation analysis， we fabricated laser glass with high rare-earth doping concentrations. Subsequently， a Yb3+-doped and Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped dual-core fiber （hereinafter referred to as Yb-EY-DCF） was fabricated using the dual-core rod-in-tube method. The two cores are compactly arranged to ensure pumping efficiency， while physical isolation allows independent composition optimization for both bands. Experimental results demonstrate that this spatial separation design effectively avoids the contradiction between concentration quenching and energy transfer efficiency inherent in traditional co-doping schemes， achieving simultaneous emissions at both 1.0 μm and 1.5 μm bands under single 976 nm pump excitation. This Yb-EY-DCF is promising for applications in 1.0 μm and 1.5 μm dual-band fiber lasers or optical amplifiers， particularly in scenarios requiring independent regulation of the two bands or specific power ratios.关键词：silicate glass;dual-core optical fiber;spatial separation;independent regulation;dual-band luminescence479|141|0更新时间：2026-08-27
- 摘要：This paper focuses on the investigation of multilevel modulation of whispering gallery mode （WGM） spectra based on the Ge2Sb2Te5 （GST） phase-change material composite microsphere cavity. Its objective is to achieve efficient and reproducible multilevel regulation of WGM spectra by virtue of the reversible phase transition property of GST materials. To break through the bottlenecks of insufficient modulation depth and unstable intermediate states in traditional multilevel modulation of WGM microcavities， in the course of this study， the GST-coated microsphere cavity was first fabricated and its optical properties were tested. Subsequently， combined with simulation analyses under different phase states， the differences in basic optical properties between this composite microsphere cavity and intrinsic silicon-based microsphere cavities were compared. Finally， extinction ratio tests and multilevel modulation experiments were carried out. The research results show that the WGM resonance peaks of the GST-coated microsphere cavity effectively maintain the resonant characteristics of intrinsic silicon-based microsphere cavities and possess a high quality factor. Meanwhile， the GST-coated microsphere cavity can stably and reproducibly achieve an intensity modulation of approximately 15 dB under static phase transition modulation， with seven stable modulation levels obtained. This study provides a feasible device scheme and experimental basis for applications such as multilevel optical storage， programmable optical modulation and integrated sensing， and exhibits broad application prospects in the field of integrated optics.关键词：Composite Microsphere Cavity;Ge2Sb2Te5;Whispering Gallery Modes;high quality factor;Multilevel Spectral Modulation311|92|0更新时间：2026-08-27
Synthesis and Properties of Materials
- 摘要：In this paper， the PICS 3D（Photonic integrated circuit simulator in 3D） simulation software was utilised to design a 1.3 μm vertical cavity surface-emitting laser（VCSEL） with an InGaAs transition barrier and a double oxide layer structure. The objective of this study was to enhance the uniformity of carrier distribution within the active region and to improve carrier transport characteristics， with the aim of increasing the differential gain. The results indicate that with the introduction of the InGaAs transition barrier and the double-oxide layer structure， the device’s threshold current gradually decreases， whilst the slope efficiency， output power and power conversion efficiency gradually increase. The InGaAs transition barrier has been shown to enhance carrier injection， resulting in a more uniform carrier distribution within the active region. Concurrently， the insertion of an oxide layer on the n-side to form a double-oxide structure further enhances the confinement of carriers and the optical field. For the novel VCSEL with an oxide aperture of 7 μm， the peak conversion efficiency reaches 37.8%， the maximum slope efficiency is 0.923 W·A-1， and the output power reaches 9 mW. At an injection current of 10 mA， the maximum 3 dB modulation bandwidth of the novel VCSEL at 25 °C and 85 °C is 19.8 GHz and 16 GHz， respectively， demonstrating excellent high-speed performance. The theoretical design of the new 1.3 μm VCSEL provides theoretical guidance and data support for the preparation of epitaxial materials.关键词：vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser;high speed;optical interconnect;small-signal modulation bandwidth;differential gain135|109|0更新时间：2026-08-27
- 摘要：Residual thermal stress induced by the coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） mismatch between the chip and heat sink is a critical factor limiting the performance and reliability of high-power semiconductor laser diode （LD） bars. Such stress leads to chip warpage and the SMILE effect， thereby degrading beam quality and optical uniformity. To address this issue， a room-temperature packaging scheme based on a Ga-Diamond liquid metal composite interlayer is proposed， which eliminates thermal stress at its origin by avoiding temperature gradients and rigid interfacial constraints associated with conventional reflow processes. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach reduces the maximum chip stress to approximately 0.9 MPa， with negligible deformation. Experimentally， the SMILE value is significantly reduced from 1.40 μm to 0.17 μm. Under a driving current of 50 A， the output power increases from 58.5 W to 63.5 W， while the electro-optical conversion efficiency improves from 58.5% to 64.8%. These results indicate that the Ga-Diamond liquid metal interlayer， together with the room-temperature packaging process， enables effective release of thermally induced mismatch strain， offering a promising pathway toward low-stress， high-brightness LD bar packaging.关键词：semiconductor laser;Laser bar;packaging;Thermal stress;smile effect293|153|0更新时间：2026-08-27
- 摘要：Ultra-low voltage organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） can be fabricated using triplet triplet annihilation （TTA） up-conversion organic luminescent materials， which provides the possibility for the realization of high-power efficiency OLEDs. However， the working mechanism of such devices still needs further research. In this paper， we fabricated Rubrene/C70 orange and m-MTDATA/PIAnCN blue OLEDs， and studied their electroluminescence （EL） performances. It can be seen that both devices have achieved ultra-low turn-on voltages， with the orange device reaching a turn-on voltage of 1 V and the blue device as low as 2 V. Experimental researches have shown that due to the large barrier between the two organic layers， an exciplex is first formed at the interface during the EL processes. Subsequently， the exciton energy is transferred to the triplet levels of Rubrene and PIAnCN， ultimately leading to TTA up-conversion emission of the two molecules. The EL processes can be experimentally verified from the nonlinear relationship between luminance and current density at different current densities， i.e. at low current densities， luminance is proportional to the square of the current density； while at high current densities， luminance increases linearly with the increase in current density. By establishing an exciton dynamics model， the EL process is further proven， providing a physical basis for exploring the mechanism of low-turn-on TTA up-conversion OLEDs.关键词：Low-turn-on;organic light-emitting diodes;Triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion;exciplex282|174|0更新时间：2026-08-27
- 摘要：Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes （PeLEDs） suffer from low luminescence efficiency and poor stability due to the uneven distribution of Br/Cl within the emissive layer and severe non-radiative recombination. Here， we introduce a multifunctional passivating agent， ［4-（3，6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl）butyl］phosphonic acid （Me-4PACz）， whose phosphine oxide （—P
Device Fabrication and Physics
- 摘要：Fluoride ions play a dual role in human health and environmental safety， making rapid， sensitive， and selective detection highly significant. In this work， a novel pyrene diimide derivative （PyDI-APTMS） was synthesized for the detection of fluoride ions. The molecular structure， photophysical properties， fluoride sensing performance， and sensing mechanism were systematically investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectroscopy， fluorescence spectroscopy， and ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） absorption spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the addition of fluoride ions induces the cleavage of Si—O bonds in PyDI-APTMS， leading to the aggregation of the pyrene diimide core and pronounced fluorescence quenching. This enables rapid and quantitative detection of fluoride ions， with a detection limit of 0.36 μmol∙L-1. The probe exhibits promising potential for visual detection of fluoride ions and quantitative analysis in complex environments.关键词：pyrene diimide;fluoride ions;siloxane;fluorescent probe324|96|0更新时间：2026-08-27
- 摘要：In this study， blue fluorescent carbon dots （B-CDs） were synthesized via a solvothermal method using p-phenylenediamine and o-phenylenediamine as precursors， with a fluorescence quantum yield （QY） as high as 73.63%. A fluorescent sensor was constructed for the rapid detection of Ag+ in aqueous samples and L-Cysteine （L-Cys） in livestock meat. At the optimal excitation wavelength of 370 nm， the fluorescence at 450 nm was quenched， while the signal at 604 nm was slightly enhanced and red-shifted with increasing Ag+ concentration in the range of 20.00-120.00 μmol/L. A good linear response was obtained between the ratiometric fluorescence （F450/F604） and the Ag+ concentration. When L-Cys at concentrations ranging from 0 to 200.00 μmol/L was added to the B-CDs/Ag+ system， the emission peaks at 450 nm and 604 nm converged to 500 nm， and the fluorescence intensity at this position was enhanced. A favorable linear response was achieved between the B-CDs/Ag+ system and L-Cys concentration. A smartphone-assisted visual detection platform for L-Cys was further developed. The sensor exhibited excellent anti-interference ability and reproducibility in real sample analysis. The proposed method was characterized by simple operation， low cost， high sensitivity and good reliability. The fluorescence off-on response provided high selectivity and signal controllability， indicating promising application prospects of the dual-target detection in environmental monitoring， food safety and related fields.关键词：carbon dots;fluorescence sensing;Ag+;L-cysteine385|84|0更新时间：2026-08-27
Luminescence Applications and Interdisciplinary Fields
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