近红外应力发光材料研究进展

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近红外应力发光材料研究进展" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Recent Advances of Near-infrared Mechanoluminescent Materials" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "杨", "givenname": "秀霞", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "YANG", "givenname": "Xiu-xia", "namestyle": "western", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "杨秀霞(1994-), 女, 河南新乡人, 硕士, 2020年于昆明理工大学获得硕士学位, 主要从事长余辉发光材料及应力发光材料的开发及机理的研究。E-mail:xiuxia941129@163.com" ], "graphic": [], "data": [ [ { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "杨秀霞" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1994-), 女, 河南新乡人, 硕士, 2020年于昆明理工大学获得硕士学位, 主要从事长余辉发光材料及应力发光材料的开发及机理的研究。E-mail:" }, { "name": "text", "data": "xiuxia941129@163.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "xiuxia941129@163.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "涂", "givenname": "东", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "TU", "givenname": "Dong", "namestyle": "western", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "TU Dong, E-mail:tu-dong@whu.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TU Dong, E-mail:tu-dong@whu.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "涂东(1986-), 男, 湖北武汉人, 博士, 研究员, 2015年于日本九州大学获得博士学位, 主要从事应力发光材料合成、表征和机理解析等的研究。E-mail:tu-dong@whu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [], "data": [ [ { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "涂东" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1986-), 男, 湖北武汉人, 博士, 研究员, 2015年于日本九州大学获得博士学位, 主要从事应力发光材料合成、表征和机理解析等的研究。E-mail:" }, { "name": "text", "data": "tu-dong@whu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "tu-dong@whu.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "武汉大学 物理科学与技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430072", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "武汉大学 物理科学与技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430072" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "武汉大学 苏州研究院, 江苏 苏州 215123", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "武汉大学 苏州研究院, 江苏 苏州 215123" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou 215123, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou 215123, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "应力发光材料因在应力传感、光学信息存储、生物成像显示、防伪等领域的潜在应用，引起了广大科研工作者的关注。但是，目前已知该材料的发光大多集中在可见光波段范围，这极大地限制了其更广阔的应用；而近红外应力发光材料由于不受明亮环境的干扰以及具有良好的生物组织透过性，逐渐步入科研工作者的视野，成为一类重要的应力发光材料。本文主要综述了近红外应力发光材料的最新研究进展，并对其未来研究方向提出了展望。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Mechanoluminescent(ML) materials have extensively applications in stress sensing, optical information storage, bioimaging display, anti-counterfeiting and other fields. Thus, they have drawn increasing attention of the researchers over the world. Up to now, the development of ML materials has mostly focused on the visible range, which greatly limited the relative applications and development. Near-infrared(NIR) ML materials can avoid the interference of ambient light and have good biological tissue permeability, which gradually attract the attention of researchers and have become an important class of ML materials. This paper mainly discusses on the emission mechanism and current progress of NIR ML materials, and proposes prospects for their future research directions." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "应力发光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "近红外" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "应力传感" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "发光机理" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "mechanoluminescence" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "near-infrared" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "stress sensing" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "luminescence mechanism" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "应力发光材料是近些年逐渐兴起的一类光电功能材料，该材料明显区别于光致发光材料，后者需要高能X射线、紫外线、可见光等激发光源进行激发，然后通过能级之间的跃迁来实现发光的过程" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b1", "b2", "b3" ], "text": "1-3", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。而应力发光材料在受到不同机械应力下即可产生相应的发光现象。1999年，日本产业技术综合研究所的Xu课题组在其研究中成功地开发出了弹性应力发光材料，这种应力发光材料仅仅需要超音波级别的微小应力激发就能实现很强的可重复性应力发光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b4", "b5" ], "text": "4-5", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。至此，应力发光材料被越来越多的科研工作者所关注。该材料在各个领域都具有较大的应用潜力，通过近几十年的努力，应力发光材料在人工智能皮肤" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、应力传感" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、光学信息存储" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、多模式防伪" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等方面都有了初步的进展。而在实际产业中应力发光材料也得到了一定程度的发展，例如应力发光材料SrAl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "已经被大日本印刷公司应用到出版物的防伪技术之中，该技术通过利用具有特殊分子结构的SrAl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料在发生形变时发光，并且具有仅在形变时发光而在其恢复时发光消失的特性来实现防伪应用。在用光照射打印表面几分钟后，如果在暗环境下施加压力(例如切割，弯曲或刮擦)，它会发出绿光。另外，即使在用日光或荧光灯照射后移到黑暗的地方，也会有绿色磷光并会持续一段时间。可以发出应力发光或磷光的印刷品视为真品，可将其用于简易判断物品的真实性(详情可参考链接：" }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "https://www.dnp.co.jp/news/detail/1188023_1587.html" } ], "href": "https://www.dnp.co.jp/news/detail/1188023_1587.html" } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "虽然目前应力发光材料得到了很多研究者的关注，但是现今已开发的应力发光材料的发光波段主要集中在400~650 nm之间的可见光波段，近红外波段(NIR-Ⅰ: 650~1 000 nm，NIR-Ⅱ: 1 000~1 700 nm)的应力发光材料的研究仍然比较缺乏，这大大限制了应力发光材料的应用范围 " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b10", "b11", "b12" ], "text": "10-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如果高灵敏度和可持续性近红外波段的应力发光材料得以开发，将会对高精度应力检测、高分辨应力传感器和生物成像等多领域的发展起到至关重要的推动作用。一方面，目前所使用的应力发光检测技术主要是材料在受到应力的情况下，依靠光电倍增管和CCD照相机对应力发光强度和分布进行检测，以此来进行精确受力分析和传感。而可见光波段的应力发光材料实现的是可见光范围的光发射，在明亮环境中发射光会与环境光(太阳光，灯光等)的波长位置重合，导致检测只能在暗环境中进行，使得检测容易出现极大误差，尤其是对于微小应力信号的检测变得十分困难。如果近红外应力发光材料能够成功开发，可以使得明亮环境中的应力发光检测避免受到环境光(主要是可见光波段的环境光)的干扰，大幅度地提高应力发光的检测能力和检测效率，对微小应力的检测也会因为背景误差的降低而变得更精确，这将极大地有利于高精度应力检测技术和高分辨应力传感器的开发。另一方面，近红外波段发光由于具有散射效应大、传播过程中受干扰小、以及优异的生物组织穿透性等特点，使得近红外发光材料在医学诊断成像和免疫分析领域呈现出巨大的应用前景" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b13", "b14", "b15" ], "text": "13-15", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。若高灵敏度和可持续性近红外应力发光材料得以广泛开发，那么对于生物体内部的应力分析和深层显像、以及人造骨骼等人体辅助装置的无创应力分析等都能起到很好的促进和推动作用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文主要综述了近红外弹性应力发光材料的合成及应用的研究进展，重点介绍了应力发光材料的定义及分类、发展历史及研究现状和可能存在的机理模型，阐述了近红外应力发光材料在生物成像显示及应力传感方面的应用进展，此外，还总结了该类材料目前存在的问题并展望了其今后的应用前景。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "应力发光的定义、分类及研究现状" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "应力发光的定义及分类" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2-1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "应力发光是将机械应力加在某种固体上而导致的发光现象。这种机械应力可以是断裂、摩擦、挤压、撞击等形式。根据引起发光的因素可以将其分为三种类型：形变应力发光、破坏性应力发光和摩擦应力发光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "形变应力发光：指物体在受到机械应力而发生形变时所产生的发光，根据应力发光的可恢复程度，形变应力发光又可分为塑性应力发光和弹性应力发光。塑性应力发光和弹性应力发光分别是物体发生塑性和弹性变形时产生的应力发光，属于非破坏性应力发光。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "破坏性应力发光：是指物体受到机械应力作用使物体表面受到破坏时而产生的应力发光现象，现今大约50%的固体材料在断裂时会产生断裂发光现象，如我们所熟知的方糖、分子晶体、石英、碱金属卤化物、硅玻璃、磷光体、压电复合物、金属、矿物，以及生物材料等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b17", "b18" ], "text": "17-18", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "摩擦应力发光：当两个物体在接触或者分离时由于摩擦生电产生化学反应以及生热而导致的发光现象" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "弹性应力发光材料作为形变应力发光材料中的一个分支，由于具有优异的可恢复性，使其在应用上有着较长远的研究意义，因此本文将重点阐述弹性应力发光材料。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "应力发光的发展历史及研究现状简述" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2-2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "早在1605年，英国学者Bacon" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "就发现了刀片切刮方糖时产生的微弱应力发光。随后，应力发光现象在天然矿物中被发现。1644年，英国学者Boyle" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发现一类特殊钻石在铁锥重击下有栩栩如生的闪光现象。至此，越来越多的天然矿石和化合物在自然碰撞或人为撞击下被发现具有应力发光行为。然而，受制于当时的科研条件，应力发光只作为新奇的发光现象被记载，未曾有深入研究。直到1999年，日本产业技术综合研究所(AIST)的Xu课题组开发了高亮度且可恢复型应力发光材料以及突破性地发现了这种材料的可视化应力发光。随后，越来越多科研工作者开始关注应力发光材料。从1999年开始，可见光波段应力发光材料的开发遍及了整个可见光范围，如Ca" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Al" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(402, 427 nm)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、BaZnOS:Cu(430 nm)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、CaYAl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(440 nm)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b23", 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"data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、KZn(PO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(635 nm)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等材料。当然，科研工作者们也对其应用进行了相关探讨。1999年，Xu课题组提出了固体材料的实时可视化应力分布" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，基于应力发光弹性体模拟接触角随着应力增加所产生的变化与实际测量时的应力发光强度作对比，从而证实了应力发光材料的实时可视化应用的可行性。同年，Xu课题组提出ZnS:Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料在人工智能皮肤传感上的潜在应用，通过测试ZnS:Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料在施加载荷与去掉载荷时的应力发光强度，表明该材料具有优异的应力发光的可重复性，因此这种材料在人工智能皮肤传感上具有较大的潜在应用前景。2012年，Xu课题组将SrAl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料的应用扩展到了检测骨骼中的应力分布上，这一潜在的应用明显优于传统的热分析策略，使检测变得更加方便。同年，Xu课题组首次将应力发光材料用到实际生活中的桥梁上" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 1", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，由于是首次探索其在实际生活中的应用，因此该团队选择了一个相对比较旧的桥梁来进行实验，桥身长24.4 m，宽7.89 m。而后用薄板型应力发光传感器放置在主梁的中心区域(700 mm×400 mm)周围，使用实验室制造的CCD相机在大致黑暗的条件下记录了通过一般交通车辆施加动态载荷而产生的应力发光图像。结果，不仅在可见裂纹处而且在大梁的弧形部分都可以一目了然地检测到强烈的应力发光信号，其应力发光的强度反映了可见裂纹和不可见的微裂纹的裂纹口张开位移。近年来，随着应力发光相关研究的进一步深入，应力发光的应用潜力也得到了更多研究者的关注。比如，2013年，韩国大邱科学技术研究院Jeong课题组通过调控两种应力发光材料ZnS:Cu, Mn和ZnS:Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "42", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "混合样品的比例，并通过与PDMS结合实现了橙绿范围内的应力发光色彩调控，特别地，当ZnS:Cu, Mn和ZnS:Cu样品比例为9:1时该混合物的应力发光显示为暖白色发光，表明该材料在作为弱光光源以及多色成像显示上具有潜在的应用价值。2015年，中科院北京纳米能源与系统研究所Dong、Pan和Wang课题组报道了应力发光材料ZnS:Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在电子签名系统上的应用潜力(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 2(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 2(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "~" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，根据签名人的签名图形和签名习惯，采用应力发光系统可以精确记录个人书写时的细节，进而提高手写签名的安全性。同年8月，中国香港理工大学郝建华课题组采用Fe-Co-Ni合金颗粒的磁致伸缩效应成功激发了ZnS:Al, Cu和ZnS:Al, Cu, Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的应力发光性能。2018年，中国香港城市大学Wang课题组报道了一种单一基质中实现多种镧系离子应力发光的材料，作者通过混合不同质量的绿光(CaZnOS:Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")和红光(CaZnOS:Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "应力发光材料，在绿色到红色光谱范围对应力发光颜色进行精细微调。丰富的应力发光颜色为应力发光颜色编码提供了可能，这种编码利用应力发光的颜色和发光图案的长度存储编码信息，可用于防伪图案的制作。当这种材料被做成薄膜时，无需外部光源的激发，通过简单的机械力即可在薄膜上展示出编码信息，为防伪信息的储存和提取提供了另一种方法。2019年，兰州大学Zhang课题组和中科院兰州化学物理研究所Wang课题组报道了一种不依赖缺陷结构而是通过声子辅助实现应力发光的材料YAG:Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，并结合缺陷型应力发光材料Ba" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Sr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Si" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，探究了该混合材料在多模式防伪以及单一触觉传感器上的应用。上述应用的实现主要依赖于YAG:Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料应力发光的瞬时性以及Ba" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Sr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Si" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料应力发光的持续性。另外，比利时根特大学Smet课题组利用应力发光材料BaSi" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "实现了应力记忆功能，提出了该材料在光学信息存储和读出上所存在的潜在应用价值。随后，在2020年厦门大学Xie课题组提出了一种应力可以诱导载流子存储的效应" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，该效应能够将应力作用下产生的载流子存储于材料的深陷阱中，随后在光或者热的刺激下读出所存储的光学信息，从而达到光存储的目的；并提出了具有该效应的材料在电子签名系统、落地点检测、汽车碰撞监测中的应用(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 2(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 2(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。上述研究表明，应力发光材料在现实生活中具有很多的潜在应用，但是更多应用还需科研工作者的进一步探索。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a) 在主梁的混凝土墙上拍摄应力发光测量点周围的图像和薄板型应力发光传感器(700 mm×400 mm)；(b)应力发光测量设置示意图；(c)实时全景照片和应力发光图像：ⅰ.没有车辆，ⅱ.小型车辆, ⅲ.重型车辆经过时的应力发光测量图(照片中的箭头位置)；(d)在重型车辆(ⅲ)情况下，在ROI 1和2位置应力发光图像的加速度、裂纹口张开位移、表面温度和应力发光图像亮度的比较。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Photograph around ML measuring point and applied ML sensor(700 mm×400 mm) on the concrete wall of the main girder. (b)Schematic illustration of the ML measurement setting. (c)Photographs of entire view and ML images at each moments: no vehicle(ⅰ), small vehicle(ⅱ) and heavy vehicle(ⅲ) were passing by the ML measuring point(arrow point of the photographs). (d)Comparison of acceleration, crack mouth opening displacement value, surface temperature and luminance of ML image at ROI 1 and 2 in the case of heavy vehicle(ⅲ)." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970959&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970959&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970959&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "动态应力分布实时图像。(a)图像采集和处理系统示意图；(b)二维可视化压力分布图；(c)可视化手写“e”生成的动态压力分布以及通过提取灰度得出的相对应力发光强度的二维分布；(d)(c)中标记区域的相对应力发光强度的轮廓以及从签名过程的动态捕获视频中提取的连续帧(基于80 ms的时间间隔)以显示签名速度：快速签名速度和慢速签名速度；(e)3种应力应用示意图：(ⅰ)在涂复合膜之前/之后(上)对汽车进行建模，以及在发生尾部碰撞事故时(下)对两辆汽车进行建模，碰撞产生的冲击能量约为100 mJ；(ⅱ)发生碰撞事故后尾部的热释发光图像(上)和热释发光强度图(中)，底部是自然光下相同视野的图；(ⅲ)使用无墨水的笔在薄膜上写“FICS”的实时应力发光强度。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Visualization of dynamic pressure distributions. (a)Schematic illustration of the image acquisition and processing system. (b)Visualization of 2D planar pressure distributions generated by a stamp. (c)Visualization of dynamic pressure distributions generated from a handwritten \"e\" and the corresponding 2D distribution of relative ML intensity derived by extracting gray scale. (d)Line profile of relative ML intensity from the marked area in (c) and consecutive frames extracted from the dynamically capture video of the signing process based on a 80 ms time interval to reveal the signing speed: fast signing speed and slow signing speed. (e)Schematic diagrams for three stress recording applications: (ⅰ)model car before/after coating the composite film(top) and two cars in a rear-end collision accident(bottom), the impact energy produced by the collision was ~100 mJ; (ⅱ)TL image(top) and TL intensity map(middle) of the rear after a collision accident, the bottom is the same view field under natural light; (ⅲ)film had \"FICS\" written on it by using an ink-free pen." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970960&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970960&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970960&type=middle" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近红外应力发光材料的研究现状" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2-3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "截至目前，应力发光材料的探究仍然局限于可见光范围的材料，红外发光波段范围内的应力发光材料很少被探究。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表 1", "type": "table", "rid": "Table1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表 1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示为近些年所开发的近红外应力发光材料，现今开发出来的近红外应力发光材料主要集中在探究材料在生物成像方面的应用。2011年，Xu课题组首次在SrAl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料中发现了Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子在1 530 nm的近红外应力发光，虽未进一步探究其应用，但是使得近红外应力发光材料取得了进一步的发展。2018年，华南理工大学Peng课题组探究了CaZnOS:Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料的生物组织透过性，并探讨了其在生物成像显示上的应用。随后，Peng课题组陆续发现了Sr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Sn" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "49", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b49", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "49" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LiNbO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { 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"data": "日本AIST的Xu课题组在1999年首次提出了用空穴转移模型来解释应力发光材料的发光机理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，该小组经研究发现，SrAl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的应力发光强度随着重复加载次数的增加而逐渐降低，而在紫外灯照射之后，其发光强度可以完全恢复。这一现象表明SrAl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料内部含有可以被紫外灯所填充的缺陷结构，而通过测量该样品的紫外激活霍尔效应，证实了该缺陷是由空位所组成，该结果与其他科研工作者所报道的相同。综合上述结果，Xu课题组提出了如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 3", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的SrAl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料的应力发光动力学模型。在紫外灯照射下，发光中心Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的基态4f" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "电子吸收光子向激发态4f" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "5d" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁，在4f轨道产生一个空位，这个过程产生了Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，空穴被缺陷所俘获; 随后，在应力刺激下，缺陷中的空穴被释放与Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子相结合形成激发态的Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子，随后回到基态能级实现发光过程。除了空穴转移模型之外，电子缺陷模型也被用来解释应力发光的机理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。合成材料的过程中采用弱还原气氛，在晶格中形成氧空位，而氧空位作为主要的缺陷类型，可以俘获电子(被视为载流子)，缺陷中的载流子通过应力作用被释放，与发光中心相互复合，从而实现发光过程。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SrAl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的应力发光动力学模型" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Mechanoluminescence kinetic model for SrAl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970968&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970968&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970968&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2015年，中科院北京纳米能源与系统研究所Dong、Pan和Wang课题组提出了压电光子效应来解释ZnS:Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "应力发光的机理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，该机理提出在机械力和光转换的过程中，压电光子效应是引发应力发光过程的关键因素。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 4(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 4(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，当材料发生应变时，由于纤锌矿结构的压电材料ZnS的非中心对称性，在其内部将会产生压电极化电荷。掺杂Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "之后，ZnS内部会产生电子陷阱和空穴陷阱，上层电子陷阱俘获电子，下层空穴陷阱俘获空穴。当施加应力时，由于压电电荷产生的电势差，ZnS的导带和价带将会发生倾斜，结果，处于上层电子陷阱中的电子更容易被释放到ZnS:Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的导带中(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 4(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 4(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")；随后，电子和空穴发生非辐射复合将能量(≈2.8 eV)传递到Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子并激发其外层电子从基态能级跃迁到激发态能级(所需能量2.2~2.5 eV)(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 4(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 4(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。当Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "激发态的电子回到基态，将产生橙黄色发光。因此，由应变产生的压电势在引发ZnS:Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能带结构倾斜方面起着至关重要的作用，从而调节光激发过程。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a) ZnS:Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的能带示意图；(b)压电效应引发应力发光的过程，(ⅰ)应变诱导的压电势促进电子的俘获，(ⅱ)~(ⅳ)电子与空穴之间的非辐射复合将能量传递至Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子，(ⅴ)处于激发态能级的Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子回到基态能级发射出橙黄色光。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Schematic illustration of band diagram of Mn-doped ZnS. (b)Piezophotonic effect initiated the ML process: (ⅰ)strain-induced piezo-potential facilitate the detrapping of electrons, (ⅱ)-(ⅵ)non-radioactive recombination between detrapped electrons and holes transfer energy to Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions, (ⅴ)excited Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions fall back to the ground state with visible light emissions." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970973&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970973&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970973&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2020年3月，深圳大学Peng课题组、中国香港理工大学Huang课题组和中国香港城市大学Wang课题组合作开发了一种高效应力发光材料ZnS/CaZnOS:Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，他们通过异质结的设计有效实现了应力发光强度的提升，并深入分析了其发光机理。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 5", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，图中橘色球代表中性缺陷中心，紫色球表示电子，蓝色球表示空穴，E-charging表示电场诱导的电荷分离，ETU表示上转换能量传递。通过异质结界面区域的能带结构发生偏移(图中红色框表示)，降低了电子跃迁到导带所需要的能量势垒，因此有助于应力发光过程中电子的跃迁。界面键合引起的能带偏移有助于电子激发能级从电子间能级向导带(CB)的迁移，并提高了激活剂(例如Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")界面电子能级的电子-空穴复合效率。同时，释放出的重组能量还可以通过能量传递结合掺杂的镧系离子(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")实现可调谐的光发射。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "压电光子半导体异质结中机械能到光学能量转换的可能机理" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Scheme of proposed mechanism for mechanical-to-optical energy conversion in the piezophotonic semiconductor heterojunction" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970977&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970977&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970977&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "除了上述机理模型外，2020年10月，厦门大学Xie课题组提出了一种应力可以诱导载流子存储的机理模型" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 6(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 6(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，应力发光被普遍认为与载流子和浅陷阱之间的相互作用相关，通常在紫外灯的预照射下，载流子将会被陷阱所俘获(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 6(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 6(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "：(ⅰ))。而在力的作用下，载流子加速从浅陷阱中释放出来，导致瞬时光发射。这一过程中载流子的加速释放与陷阱深度的减小有关，其中能带结构在压电感应电场下会发生变化(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 6(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 6(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "：(ⅱ))，关于这一点，科研工作者们通常采用能带倾斜模型来解释陷阱深度减小的问题。Xie课题组深入探究了深陷阱在应力发光材料中的作用，并提出了应力发光材料中应力诱导产生的载流子被存储在深陷阱中的效应。该效应指的是当材料被应力激发，所产生的载流子被深陷阱俘获，从而被存储在材料中的光存储过程。而被储存的载流子可以在高温热刺激或者光刺激下被释放，与发光中心结合而产生光发射(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 6(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 6(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "：(ⅲ))。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a) 应力发光能级机理图；(b)应力发光材料深陷阱能级中的力诱导载流子被俘获效应、光诱导载流子被俘获效应和光信息读取过程。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Energy-level diagram for the ML mechanism. (b)Energy-level diagram showing the force-induced charge carrier storage(FICS) effect, photo-induced charge carrier storage(PICS) effect, and optical read-out in deep-trap ML materials." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970981&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970981&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970981&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "目前，集中讨论近红外应力发光机理的研究仍然较少，相关的近红外应力发光机理主要还是参照可见光应力发光的机理模型，即围绕着空穴转移和电子缺陷模型来进行相关的解释。如本课题组与日本AIST的Xu课题组共同研究，在2020年5月成功开发了具有可持续性和超敏度的近红外应力发光材料Sr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Sn" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " (SSN)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，并提出了可能存在的应力发光机理。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 7(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 7(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示为在空气、氩气、氮气气氛下合成的SSN的热释光曲线，可以明显观测到在纯氮气气氛下合成的SSN在429 K时出现一个尖锐的热释光峰，处于这个位置的缺陷中的载流子是稳定的，在室温下不易被释放。当施加机械载荷时，在SSN形变期间，电场增强会导致材料中产生极化电荷；随后，被俘获的载流子通过隧穿效应被释放，并与发光中心Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "相结合，从而导致可持续的高灵敏应力发光，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 7(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 7(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a) 在空气、氩气、氮气气氛下合成的SSN的热释光曲线；(b)SSN中近红外应力发光机理示意图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Thermoluminescence glow curve of SSN synthesized under air, Ar and N" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " atmospheres. (b)Schematic diagram of the mechanisms for NIR piezoluminescence in SSN." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970984&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970984&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970984&type=middle" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近红外应力发光材料应用" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "关于近红外发光材料，我们通常用到的稀土离子或过渡金属离子有：Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "55", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b55", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "55" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b55", "b56" ], "text": "55-56", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "59", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b59", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "59" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b57", "b58", "b59" ], "text": "57-59", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Tm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b60", "b61", "b62" ], "text": "60-62", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Ho" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "63", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b63", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "63" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "64", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b64", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "64" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b63", "b64" ], "text": "63-64", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "65", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b65", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "65" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b65", "b66" ], "text": "65-66", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "68", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b68", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "68" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b67", "b68" ], "text": "67-68", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Cr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "69", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b69", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "69" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "71", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b71", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "71" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "b69", "b70", "b71" ], "text": "69-71", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，但是目前所开发出来的具有近红外应力发光的稀土离子大多集中在Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子上，当然也有Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，这些近红外应力发光材料的应用探究大多集中在生物成像上。接下来我们将综述近几年所发现的近红外应力发光材料的应用进展。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "华南理工大学Peng课题组在2018年首次报道了CaZnOS:Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "近红外应力发光材料，探究了其在生物组织上的应用，并详细研究了其穿透性能。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 8(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 8(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，记录了样品穿透不同厚度(0~22 mm)生物组织的发射光谱，随着生物组织厚度的增加应力发光强度逐渐减弱，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 8(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 8(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "插图为穿透20 mm和22 mm生物组织的发射光谱。该研究结果证实了CaZnOS:Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "近红外应力发光材料能够穿透22 mm厚度的生物组织。因此，CaZnOS:Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料具有优异的生物组织穿透性。该课题组通过绘制透射强度与组织厚度的对数函数图，确定CaZnOS:Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料的消光系数为-0.124，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 8(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 8(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，进一步证实了该材料具有较高的组织穿透性。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 8(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 8(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是近红外相机捕获到的用玻璃棒在样品上写的“SCUTNIRML”字母痕迹，证实了该样品有较好的近红外应力发光特性。通过上述结果，该小组提出了CaZnOS:Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在生物成像显示上的潜在应用，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 8(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 8(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。当样品被牙齿咬合但张开嘴时，检测到来自烧结圆柱样品的近红外应力发光光谱。当嘴巴闭合但样品仍被牙齿咬合时，仍可以检测到近红外应力发光信号。而当嘴巴闭紧不咬样品时，不能捕捉到应力发光信号。这些结果表明，近红外应力发光可以通过生物力(即咬牙)产生，然后穿透闭合的嘴唇组织并被检测到。因此，这种应力发光材料可以实现生物组织中动态机械应力变化的高分辨率和实时可视化应用。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a) CaZnOS:Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "穿透不同厚度组织的应力发光光谱，内部对应了透过组织厚度为20 mm和22 mm的应力发光光谱；(b)透射强度与组织厚度的对数函数图；(c)用红外相机记录在薄膜材料上手写笔迹的照片，曝光时间为2 s；(d)被牙齿咬合而张开嘴(左)或闭着嘴(右)的近红外应力发光信号。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Emission spectra of NIR EML of CaZnOS:Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " passing through the tissues with different thicknesses. Inset: emission spectra corresponding to tissue thickness of 20 mm and 22 mm. (b)Tissue thickness-dependent lg of integrated transmitted emission intensity. (c)IR photographs of handwriting on the same spot of a sintered phosphor wafer as recorded with an infrared camera. Exposure time is 2 s. (d)NIR ML signal from the sample bitten by human teeth with mouth open(left) or mouth closed(right)." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970987&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970987&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970987&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "随后，Peng课题组在2019年陆续开发了一系列近红外应力发光材料，如Sr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Sn" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 9", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、LiNbO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 10", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、LiGa" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 11", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")等。在Sr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Sn" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的实验中，Peng课题组探究了其从0~30 mm厚度范围内的生物组织透过性能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "49", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b49", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "49" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 9(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 9(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。结果显示，在生物组织为30 mm时仍然能探测到Sr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Sn" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "样品的应力发光信号。而在LiNbO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "50", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b50", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的实验中，一端放置LiNbO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "材料，利用2 mm皮肤+8 mm脂肪+12 mm瘦肉厚度的组织代替结构不同的生物组织，在组织另一端仍能检测到应力发光信号，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 10(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 10(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。实验结果表明，上述材料在生物成像上显示出了极大的应用前景。特别地，Peng课题组在2019年9月发现了Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在LiGa" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "中的近红外应力发光，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 11", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。发光波段600~1 000 mm，由于包含了可见光与近红外光，而且发光也较弱，因此还需要进一步改进其合成方法，提高其应力发光强度。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)~(b)穿透猪皮和羟基磷灰石(HAP)的实验检测系统的图像；(c)穿过不同厚度猪皮的应力发光光谱，从0~30 mm每次增加5 mm，插图为这些光谱在870~970 nm光谱范围内的总应力发光强度；(d)穿过羟基磷灰石片的应力发光光谱和背底信号。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)－(b)Experimental detection system images of penetrating pigskin and HAP, respectively. (c)ML spectra after passing through different thicknesses of pigskins, which increases 5 mm each time from 0 to 30 mm. The inset is the integrated ML intensities over the spectral range of 870－970 nm of these spectra shown in (c). (d)ML spectra passing through HAP pellet and the background signal." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970989&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970989&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970989&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure10", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "生物组织穿透实验。(a)该测试中使用的最厚组织；(b)经过不同组织样品后在1 000 N载荷下的应力发光光谱：(上)2 mm皮肤，(中)2 mm皮肤+ 8 mm脂肪，(下)2 mm皮肤+ 8 mm脂肪+ 12 mm瘦肉。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Biological tissue penetration experiments. (a)Thickest tissue used in this test. (b)ML spectra under 1 000 N after passing through different tissue samples: (top)2 mm skin, (middle)2 mm skin + 8 mm fat, (bottom)2 mm skin + 8 mm fat + 12 mm meat." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970990&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970990&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970990&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure11", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a) Li" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0.995" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":0.005Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的应力发光和长余辉发光光谱比较，长余辉发光光谱是在紫外灯(254 nm)照射60 s后等待2 s测试的；(b)Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的能级图和相应的发射波长。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Comparison between ML and PersL spectra of Li" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0.995" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":0.005Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", PersL was detected at the delay time of 2 s after pre-irradiation by a 254 nm lamp for 60 s. (b)Energy level diagrams of Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ion and corresponding emission wavelengths." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970992&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970992&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970992&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本课题组与日本AIST的Xu课题组合作，在2020年开发了具有超灵敏度和可持续使用的近红外应力发光材料Sr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Sn" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(SSN)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。该材料仅仅在微应力应变下即可实现800~1 500 nm的近红外应力发光效果，而其铁电特性也有效地提升了应力发光强度，即使在明亮环境下，也能够检测到该材料的微应变级别(低于1 000 μst)的应力传感。除此之外，我们小组还利用Sr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Sn" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的近红外应力发光效果成功进行了生物组织(鸡皮和猪肉)遮挡下的高对比度成像和生物力学应力传感，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 12", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，其发光强度分布与应力模拟计算的结果展现出很好的一致性。这项研究展现出Sr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Sn" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "近红外应力发光材料在生物力学性能分析方面具有重大的应用潜力，通过生物体外的发光图像采集和分析，即可以获得生物体内力学性能的有效信息，尤其在生物体内的应力分析和缺陷检测等方面起到了重要推动的作用。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure12", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a) SSN样品的CCD图像；(b)使用InGaAs-CCD相机对SSN进行记录的图像顺序，在350 N的加载循环期间以3 mm/min的速率显示近红外应力发光分布的实时图像；(c)在77 N的应力载荷下，有和没有鸡皮时SSN样品中近红外发光沿垂直方向的分量分布；(d)SSN薄膜的CCD图像；(e)用InGaAs-CCD相机记录在拉伸载荷(最大应变：600 μst)下，SSN薄膜加猪肉与不加猪肉时的近红外应力发光分布的实时图像；(f)在拉伸载荷(最大应变：600 μst)下，记录沿SSN薄膜样品(不加猪肉和加5 mm猪肉)的近红外应力发光的水平方向分量分布。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)CCD images for SSN pellet set. (b)Sequence of images recorded using an InGaAs-CCD camera for SSN applied during the load cycle of 350 N at a rate of 3 mm·min" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " showing the real-time images of NIR light distribution. (c)Distribution along vertical component of the NIR piezoluminescence in the SSN pellet with and without a chicken skin under a compressive load of 77 N. (d)CCD image for SSN film. (e)Images recorded with an InGaAs-CCD camera for SSN film by tensile-load applied(nominal strain: 600 μst). (f)Distribution at the horizontal position along the center of circular hole of the NIR piezoluminescence of the SSN film outside and embedded 5 mm in a sample of pork under a tensile load(maximum of nominal strain: 600 μst)." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970994&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970994&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970994&type=middle" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近红外应力发光材料除了上述在生物成像方面的应用，也可被用作明亮场环境下的应力传感。在之前所提到的可见光材料的应力传感应用受到环境因素的限制，只能在黑暗环境下进行测量；而近红外应力发光不受明亮环境的限制，提高了检测灵敏度并简化了测量要求。2020年，厦门大学Xie课题组提出了近红外应力发光材料在应力传感上的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "b52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 13(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 13(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。该小组将应力发光材料与PMMA混合制备了应力发光薄膜，并将其涂覆在PVC基材上，薄膜显示出优秀的柔韧性和耐水性。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 13(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 13(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "显示出一个可见光相机(左)和近红外相机(右)在明亮的视野中同时记录SrZnSO:Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜材料的应力发光图像。当利用玻璃棒在薄膜材料上摩擦时，在明亮环境中，可见光相机下的应力发光信号完全被湮灭，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 13(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 13(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。而近红外相机可以清晰地检测到强烈的近红外应力发光信号(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 13(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "Figure13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 13(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。通过近红外检测设备结合近红外应力发光材料进行的明场环境应力检测，为明场环境下的应力检测提供了一种新的策略。这一发现极大地提高了检测灵敏度并简化了测量要求。因此，高灵敏度的近红外应力发光材料在结构损伤及生物成像显示方面展现出广阔的应用前景，这为今后近红外应力发光材料的研究方向提供了新的思路。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "Figure13", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a) 应力发光薄膜的制备示意图，该膜显示出优秀的柔韧性和防水性；(b)通过使用近红外相机(右)检测来自近红外应力发光薄膜(底部)的光信号进行明亮场应力检测，同时设置了另一台可见光相机(左)记录应力发光信号进行比较；(c)~(d)分别从可见光和近红外相机拍摄的图像。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig 13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Schematic diagram for the preparation of ML film. The film shows excellent flexibility and water-resistance. (b)Bright-field stress sensing by using a NIR camera(right) to monitor optical signals from a NIR ML film(bottom). Another VIS camera(left) is set up to record optical signals for comparison. Photographic images taken from the VIS(c) and NIR(d) camera, respectively." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970996&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970996&type=small", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=6970996&type=middle" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结论与展望" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "总之，从1999年开始，应力发光材料逐渐进入科研工作者的视野，经过近些年的探索，应力发光材料无论是在光学性质上还是在生物应用、应力传感等方面都得到了快速发展。本文系统综述了应力发光材料的发展历史、发光机理以及应用进展，但前期研究主要基于可见光范围的应力发光材料，对近红外发光材料的开发以及应用探究还相对较少。因此，近红外应力发光材料的开发与应用仍是一项重大挑战。同时需要指出的是，应力具有多样性和复杂性，其产生应力发光的机理和效果均有明显差异，现有的大量应力发光材料的开发和分析工作几乎都未将应力的形式进行有效区分，并且目前应力发光检测不具备统一的标准，所以应力形式的有效区分以及应力发光检测的标准化研究将是未来相关研究者努力的方向，也是近红外应力发光材料研究乃至整个应力发光技术研究的重中之重。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "另外，今后可以从开发新型近红外应力发光材料及探索该类材料在实际生活中的应用出发：" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1) 新型近红外应力发光材料的开发" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "目前近红外应力发光材料的开发相对较少，而不需要光源激发，由机械能直接实现光能转换的应力发光材料更是寥寥无几，这大大限制了该材料的实际应用领域。我们考虑可以多选取压电材料作为应力发光材料的基质，同时选取可以实现近红外波段跃迁的过渡金属或稀土离子作为掺杂离子，以及进一步采用量子裁剪、能量转换等手段实现有效的近红外应力发光效果。另外，如果在应力发光材料中实现高效率机械能到光能的直接转换将可以开辟一种新的节能方式，具有这种特性的材料在能量转换中显示出较大的优势，有望应用于高灵敏的应力传感、生物成像、防伪、军事等诸多领域。该类材料为当前的能源危机提供了潜在的解决方案，同时也为多途径能量转换拓宽了新的视野。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2) 应用探究方面" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "① 生物检测方面的应用。由于近红外应力发光材料具有优异的生物组织穿透性，可以将近红外应力发光材料涂覆或是制备成柔性薄膜贴于人工植入型关节假体处，然后通过生物成像方式快速检测关节发生错位或断裂的位置，从而方便地进行进一步的医学诊断和治疗。另一方面，如果具有纳米级尺寸的近红外应力发光材料被成功合成，通过改性及注射使其进入体内标定癌细胞，并利用超声波激发该应力发光材料使其产生近红外发光，当癌细胞发生增殖或扩散时，就可以快速发现癌细胞的增殖数量以及扩散位置，从而做出医学诊疗方案。这将是近红外应力发光材料在生物检测方面发展的重要方向。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "② 应力传感方面的应用。近红外应力发光材料可以完全不受日光灯的影响，在近红外光检测系统与应力检测系统结合的条件下，在明亮环境中依然可以进行准确的应力检测，从而极大地简化了应力检测的条件，即不采用暗室环境也能够进行应力检测。若高灵敏度和可重复性近红外应力发光材料得以广泛开发，一方面可以进一步提高检测精度，另一方面也可以简化测量的方法。这种新型近红外应力发光材料可以较为精确地对桥梁等基础设施进行损伤评估和寿命预测，并且该材料应用在应力传感器件上将会提高应力检测系统的精度及降低检测要求。因此，开发能够在明亮环境下使用的、具有高灵敏度的新型近红外应力发光材料是下一步亟需解决的问题。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "③ 防伪方面的应用。现今用于防伪方面的材料大多数为可见光发光材料，如果将近红外应力发光材料应用于防伪中，将会为材料的防伪多一道加密手段。如市场上所流通的纸币，不仅可以使用可见光波段的长余辉及光激励发光材料，也可以使用近红外波段的应力发光材料，将近红外应力发光材料制作成防伪油墨用于纸币中，通过挤压或者弯曲纸币，可以产生近红外发光，并且不会损坏纸币。虽然在检测方面需要添加较为昂贵的近红外发光检测系统，但是这种防伪方式具有高精度以及优异的光环境适应性，可以为纸币、甚至是高精尖设备等方面的防伪提供新兴的高端防伪手段。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "④ 军工方面的应用。应力发光材料在军事应用领域也具有非常大的应用潜力。例如，军用夜视技术中目前主要利用红外夜视仪进行目标探测，但是大多数的红外夜视仪需使用红外光源，这使得对方容易通过红外探测方式进行反侦察活动。如果使用近红外应力发光技术对探测区进行提前布局和准备，即可以不使用红外光源，只是通过对方的行为动作在探测区产生的近红外发光就可以实现目标探测。这种主动型军事探测技术具有更高的隐蔽性，会进一步提高夜视探测效果。另外，针对军事信息保密和信息记录等方面，近红外应力发光技术也可以达到防护和隐蔽效果，即可以有效提升我方的军事信息安全防护能力。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "综上所述，在今后的研究工作中，对近红外应力发光材料的开发以及应用可以从上述几个方面出发，从而使得近红外应力发光材料得到进一步的发展，并逐步实现该材料在现实生活中的多方面应用。" } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献" } ], "data": [ { "id": "b1", "label": "1", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "张中太, 张俊英.无机光致发光材料及应用[M]. 2版.北京:化学工业出版社, 2011." } ] }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG Z T, ZHANG J Y. 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