Conversion Efficiency of Strained Wurtzite ZnSnN₂/In_xGa_1-xN Cylindrical Quantum Dot Solar Cell Under Influence of Built-in Electric Field

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "内建电场影响下应变纤锌矿ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/In" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N柱形量子点太阳能电池的转换效率" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Conversion Efficiency of Strained Wurtzite ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/In" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N Cylindrical Quantum Dot Solar Cell Under Influence of Built-in Electric Field" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "陈", "givenname": "其扬", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "CHEN", "givenname": "Qi-yang", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "陈其扬(1996-)，男，安徽滁州人，硕士研究生，2018年于内蒙古农业大学获得学士学位，主要从事凝聚态理论的研究。E-mail: cqy1005860608@qq.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349586&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349591&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349596&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "陈其扬" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1996-)，男，安徽滁州人，硕士研究生，2018年于内蒙古农业大学获得学士学位，主要从事凝聚态理论的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "cqy1005860608@qq.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "cqy1005860608@qq.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "石", "givenname": "磊", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "SHI", "givenname": "Lei", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mail: shi_lei_family@163.com;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mail: shi_lei_family@163.com;" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "石磊(1982-)，男，内蒙古巴彦淖尔人，博士，副教授，2011年于内蒙古大学获得博士学位，主要从事凝聚态理论的研究。E-mail: shi_lei_family@163.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349601&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349605&type=", "big": 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"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349616&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349619&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349624&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "闫祖威" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1960-)，男，内蒙古呼和浩特人，博士，教授，2001年于内蒙古大学获得博士学位，主要从事凝聚态理论的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "zwyan@imau.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "zwyan@imau.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "内蒙古农业大学 理学院，内蒙古 　 呼和浩特 　 010018", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "内蒙古农业大学 理学院，内蒙古 　 呼和浩特 　 010018" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "School of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在有效质量近似下，通过变分理论计算了应变纤锌矿ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/In" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N柱形量子点的带隙，进而利用细致平衡理论，研究了柱形量子点太阳能电池的转换效率在多重激子效应以及内建电场的影响下随量子点半径、高度和In组分的变化关系。结果表明，量子点太阳能电池的转换效率随着量子点半径、高度以及In组分的增加单调增加。多重激子效应能够明显提高太阳能电池的转换效率，但是内建电场会使得太阳能电池的转换效率明显降低。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Within the effective mass approximation, the band gap of strained wurtzite ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/In" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N cylindrical quantum dot is calculated theoretically by a variational method. Furthermore, based on the detailed balance theory, the relationship between the conversion efficiency of cylindrical quantum dot solar cell and the radius, height and In component of quantum dot under the influence of built-in electric field and multiple exciton generation are studied. The results show that the conversion efficiency of quantum dot solar cell increases monotonously with the increase of quantum dot radius, height and In component. The multiple exciton generation can obviously improve the conversion efficiency of solar cells, but the built-in electric field can reduce the conversion efficiency of solar cells significantly." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "柱形量子点" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "太阳能电池" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "转换效率" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "内建电场" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "多重激子效应" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "cylindrical quantum dot" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "solar cell" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "conversion efficiency" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "built-in electric field" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "multiple exciton generation" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "随着温室效应的日益加剧以及传统能源的消耗殆尽，环境危机和能源危机是摆在人类面前的两个最严峻的问题。太阳能作为可再生新能源之一，获取方便，没有污染，具有重要的开发和利用价值。自1953年美国贝尔实验室首先研制出世界上第一块无机硅太阳能电池以来" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，太阳能电池行业得到了极大的发展。迄今为止，已经涌现出各种类型的太阳能电池。目前，太阳能电池按照制备材料的不同主要可分为晶体硅太阳能电池、硅薄膜太阳能电池、有机聚合物太阳能电池、化合物半导体量子点太阳能电池等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2", "R3", "R4" ], "text": "1-4", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。量子点太阳能电池是一类利用纳米结构或纳米材料制备的太阳能电池。由于量子点自身的特殊结构，具备了包括量子尺寸效应、量子限域效应、表面效应、量子隧穿效应、库伦阻塞效应等在内的诸多特点" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，因而量子点太阳能电池已成为人们研究的热点。与传统太阳能电池相比，量子点太阳能电池作为第三代太阳能电池，不仅制作成本低，而且能量转换效率高，其转换效率的理论值可高达63.2%" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。自1961年Shockley和Queisser用细致平衡理论计算出能量间隙为1.1 eV的单结太阳能电池转换效率上限约为33%后" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，该理论被广泛地应用于计算量子点太阳能电池的效率值，并且越来越多的学者们对如何提高太阳能电池的转换效率产生了很大兴趣，并开展了大量研究。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此前，关于太阳能电池转换效率的计算都是基于假设吸收一个光子只产生一个电子-空穴对，而近年来，人们发现了纳米尺度的半导体材料在吸收一个较高能量的入射光子后产生多个电子-空穴对的物理现象，并将其称为多重激子效应" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R8", "R9", "R10" ], "text": "8-10", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在多重激子产生时，光子内大于禁带宽度的能量是用来激发半导体中的其他电子，而不是通过声子辐射以放热的形式耗散掉。因而，利用该物理效应能够有效地避免能量的热耗散而提高太阳能电池的转换效率。2004年，Schaller和Klimov发现在纳米晶体PbSe中存在多重激子效应。此后的几年中，在PbSe、PbS、CdSe、CdTe、Si、InAs、InP等半导体量子点中相继发现了多重激子效应" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R11", "R12", "R13" ], "text": "11-13", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。不过，多重激子效应从发现至今才十多年，目前对其产生机理及解释理论还没有明确的定论，对其在光电子器件方面的应用也还处于探索阶段，因而对半导体量子点中多重激子效应的研究具有一定的意义和价值。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近年来，关于Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物及其衍生物Zn-Ⅳ-N" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "半导体量子点太阳能电池的研究较为热门，由于其具有直接带隙结构和很高的光吸收系数" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R14", "R15", "R16" ], "text": "14-16", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，采用该材料制备的太阳能电池具有较高的光电转换效率。其中以异价的三元化合物半导体材料ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "最具代表性，其具有禁带宽度大、原料成本低廉、无毒性等优势" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R14", "R15", "R16", "R17", "R18", "R19" ], "text": "14-19", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，在光电子器件、激光器、高电子迁移率晶体管等器件中具有广阔的应用前景。ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "由纤锌矿Ⅲ-Ⅴ族氮化物的两个Ⅲ族元素被所交替的Zn和Sn取代得到" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，具有正交晶体结构。ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的元素来源丰富，通常表现为直接带隙，并且能够覆盖所有可见光光谱" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R20", "R21", "R22", "R23" ], "text": "20-23", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，是太阳能电池应用中最具有吸引力的候选材料之一。目前，基于实验和理论参数的器件模拟也表明ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以制备出有效的太阳能电池" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R19", "R20", "R21" ], "text": "19-21", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。此外，ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的晶格常数介于GaN和InN之间，因此它可以与In" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N晶格匹配，二者构成的异质结构具有很强的自发极化和压电极化，会形成很强的内建电场" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R18", "R19" ], "text": "18-19", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，而内建电场对于量子点的带隙、电子性质、介电性质和光学性质等能够产生重要的影响，因而从理论上对其进行研究是很有必要的。虽然国内外学者对ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "已经积累了一定的研究成果，但是对于采用该材料制备的太阳能电池转换效率的研究却非常有限。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文以纤锌矿ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/In" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N柱形量子点为研究对象，利用细致平衡模型，研究了太阳能电池的转换效率随量子点结构参数和In组分的变化关系，以及多重激子效应和内建电场对太阳能电池转换效率的影响。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　理论模型" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文以高度为" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=2" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "d" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、半径为" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的圆柱形ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/In" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N量子点为研究对象，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，量子点材料为ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，两端材料为带隙相对较大的In" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N，量子点径向被带隙很大的材料所包裹。对于纤锌矿结构，我们取" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "轴沿着" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "z" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "方向记为∥，垂直方向记为丄。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "柱形量子点示意图" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic of cylindrical quantum dot" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349625&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349635&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349630&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在细致平衡模型中，太阳能电池的转换效率为:" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349640&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349643&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349648&type=" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "text", "data": " " } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "G" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是净电流密度，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是电压，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是AM1.5G太阳光谱下的入射光功率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R22", "R23", "R24", "R25" ], "text": "22-25", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，为116 mW/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "G" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别为光生电流和复合电流，可通过下式计算得出" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R24", "R25" ], "text": "24-25", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349652&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349655&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349660&type=" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "text", "data": " " } ], "id": "DF2" } }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(3)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349661&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349665&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349669&type=" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "text", "data": " " } ], "id": "DF3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是光子的能量，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "q" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是元电荷，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是光子的化学势能，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是真空中的光速，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "h" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是普朗克常数，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "k" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是玻尔兹曼常数，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是电池温度(取300 K)," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Γ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")是太阳能光子通量密度，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "g" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")是量子产率。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子产率有不同的函数形式表示，在本文中，我们取" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(4)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349674&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349677&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349681&type=" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "text", "data": " " } ], "id": "DF4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "θ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "mE" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "g" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")是单位阶跃函数。" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=1表示吸收一个光子产生一个电子-空穴对。" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "g" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是量子点的带隙，大小为" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(5)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349685&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349689&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349693&type=" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "text", "data": " " } ], "id": "DF5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "e" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "h" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别是电子和空穴的基态能量，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "g1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的禁带宽度。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在有效质量近似下，柱形量子点中电子(空穴)的哈密顿量为:" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(6)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349698&type=", 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"name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的弹性常数。在计算柱形量子点电子(空穴)的能量时，我们假设" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ρ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "方向与" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "z" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "方向的电子(空穴)波函数弱耦合，则可将波函数写为" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": 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} }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "λ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 为变分参数。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "通过分离变量的方法，解得" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "z" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "方向电子波函数可表示为" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(15)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349855&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349858&type=", "big": 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"data": "表示当量子点半径为2 nm、高度为8 nm时，内建电场强度随In组分的变化趋势。 从图中可以看出，内建电场强度随着In" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "内建电场强度随In组分(a)及量子点高度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(b)的变化趋势" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Strength of built-in electric field as a function of In component(a) and height" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(b)" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349936&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349940&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349938&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "组分的增加不断减小。这是因为随着In组分的增加，In" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N的自发极化强度逐渐减小，因此内建电场强度不断减小。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "表示当量子点半径为2 nm、In组分为0.1时，内建电场强度随着量子点高度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的变化趋势。由图可知，内建电场强度随着量子点高度的增加逐渐增大。这是因为随着量子点高度的增加，量子阱内的载流子不断扩散，电离中心浓度不断增强，因此内建电场强度不断增大。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于太阳能电池转换效率严格依赖于系统的带隙，所以" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "给出了当量子点In组分为0.1、高度为8 nm时，量子点带隙随半径" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的变化关系。由图可知，对于考虑内建电场和不考虑内建电场的情况，量子点带隙均随着量子点半径的增加而减小，最后逐渐趋于平缓。这是因为随着量子点半径的增加，量子限域效应逐渐减弱，电子和空穴的能量逐渐降低，根据公式(5)可知，量子点的带隙减小。随着量子点半径的继续增加，体系逐渐趋近于量子阱，所以带隙的变化也趋于平缓。此外，经过计算我们发现，由于内建电场的存在使得能带倾斜，所以考虑内建电场时的带隙要比不考虑内建电场时的带隙大，但是二者的区别随着量子点半径的增加变化较小。这是因为内建电场的强弱主要由量子点的高度决定，所以半径变化对内建电场的影响相对而言较小。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点In组分" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0.1、高度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=8 nm时，有无内建电场时量子点带隙随着半径" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的变化趋势。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Band gap of quantum dot with and without the built-in electric field as a function of radius" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " for In component" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x=" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "0.1 and height" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "= 8 nm" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349942&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349946&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349944&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "表示当量子点In组分为0.1、半径为2 nm时，有无内建电场时量子点带隙随高度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的变化关系。由图可知，曲线的整体趋势和" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "类似，即对于有无内建电场的情况，量子点带隙均随着量子点高度的增加而单调减小，最后逐渐趋于平缓。这是因为随着量子点高度的增加，量子限域效应逐渐减弱，电子和空穴的能量逐渐降低，根据公式(5)可知，量子点的带隙减小。随着量子点高度的继续增加，体系逐渐趋近于量子线，因而带隙的变化也趋于平缓。此外，对于固定的量子点高度，考虑内建电场时的带隙要比不考虑内建电场时的带隙大，并且二者的区别随着量子点高度的增加而增加。这是由于内建电场的存在，使得能带倾斜，因而带隙变大，并且内建电场受量子点高度的影响明显。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点In组分" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0.1、半径" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=2 nm时，有无内建电场时量子点带隙随着高度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的变化趋势。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Band gap of quantum dot with and without the built-in electric field as a function of height" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " for In component" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x=" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "0.1 and radius" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=2 nm" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349948&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349952&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349950&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据已有文献报道" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，当存在多重激子效应(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1)时，在一定的带隙范围内能够有效提高太阳能电池的转换效率，且当" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "4时效率不再有显著的提升。所以，以下我们分别取" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为1和4时的两种情况进行分析。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "给出了当量子点In组分为0.1、高度为8 nm时，太阳能电池的转换效率随半径" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的变化关系。由图可知，对于考虑内建电场和不考虑内建电场的情况，太阳能电池的转换效率均随着量子点半径的增加而增加，最后逐渐趋于平缓，这一结果也符合文献报道" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R38", "R39" ], "text": "38-39", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。 由于随着量子点半径的增加，量子点的带隙不断变小，因而太阳能电池的转换效率不断增加。对于相同的量子点半径，考虑内建电场时的太阳能电池转换效率要比不考虑内建电场时的太阳能转换效率小，并且二者的差距随着半径的增加而增加，这是因为内建电场的存在使得量子点带隙变大，因而太阳能电池的转换效率降低。此外，随着半径的增加量子限域效应减弱，从而使得内建电场的影响加强，所以有无内建电场的差距逐渐增加。从图中还可以看出，在量子点半径较小时，多重激子效应的影响非常微弱。随着量子点半径的增加，多重激子效应影响下太阳能电池的转换效率明显增加。这是因为太阳能电池转换效率是由太阳光谱的能量分布与量子产率曲线的重叠范围所确定，当量子点半径变大时，量子产率曲线与太阳光谱的能量分布曲线重叠区域增多，因而提高了太阳能电池的转换效率。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点In组分" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0.1、半径" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=8 nm、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别取1和4时，有无内建电场时太阳能电池的转换效率随着半径" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的变化趋势。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Conversion efficiency of solar cell with and without the built-in electric field as a function of radius" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " for In component" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x=" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "0.1, height" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "= 8 nm," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=1, 4." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349954&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349959&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349956&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "表示当量子点In组分为0.1、半径" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为2 nm、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别取1和4时，太阳能电池的转换效率随高度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的变化关系。由图可知，对于考虑内建电场和不考虑内建电场的情况，太阳能电池的转换效率均随着量子点高度的增加而增加，最后逐渐趋于平缓，该结果也与文献报道相一致" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R38", "R39" ], "text": "38-39", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因为随着量子点高度的增加，量子点的带隙不断变小，所以太阳能电池的转换效率不断增加。相比" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "而言，对于相同的量子点高度，考虑内建电场时的太阳能电池的转换效率明显要比不考虑内建电场时的太阳能的转换效率低。这是因为内建电场主要依赖于量子点高度，并且会使量子点带隙变大，因而太阳能电池的转换效率随着高度的变化明显降低。此外，通过与" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "对比可知，其半径变化对于太阳能电池的转换效率的影响要明显高于高度变化的影响，这是因为通过对比" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "与" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可知，半径变化对带隙的影响明显要高于高度变化的影响。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "还可以看出，当量子点高度改变时，多重激子效应的影响始终很明显。结合" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "我们可以发现，在多重激子效应下，不管是量子点的半径还是其高度变化，相较于没有多重激子效应的情况都至多提高2%的效率。这是因为当量子点尺寸较大时，量子产率曲线与太阳光谱的能量分布曲线重叠区域不再变化，效率不再提高。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点In组分" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0.1、半径" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=2 nm、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别取1 和4时，有无内建电场时太阳能电池的转换效率随着高度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的变化趋势。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Conversion efficiency of solar cell with and without the built-in electric field as a function of height" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " for In component" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x=" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "0.1, height" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "= 8 nm," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=1, 4." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349961&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349965&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349963&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "表示当量子点半径为4 nm、高度为8 nm、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别取1和4时，有无内建电场时太阳能电池的转换效率随In组分的变化关系。由图可知，对于考虑内建电场和不考虑内建电场，太阳能电池的转换效率均随着In组分的增加而单调增加。这是因为随着In组分的增加，量子点的带隙逐渐减小，所以有无内建电场时太阳能电池的转换效率均随着In组分的增加而单调增加，但不考虑内建电场时候的变化幅度非常小。这是由于不考虑内建电场时，In组分的变化对带隙的直接影响非常弱，而考虑内建电场后，In组分的变化通过影响内建电场而间接对带隙产生明显的影响。随着In组分的增加，二者的差距逐渐减小。这是由于随着In组分的增加，内建电场不断变弱，导致带隙不断减小，因而太阳能电池的转换效率逐渐上升，并逐渐接近不考虑内建电场的情形。此外，结果再一次表明，当存在多重激子效应时，太阳能电池的转换效率会明显提高。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点半径" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=4 nm、高度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=8 nm、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别取1和4时，有无内建电场时太阳能电池的转换效率随着In组分" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的变化趋势。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Conversion efficiency of solar cell with and without the built-in electric field as a function of In component" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " for radius" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=2 nm, height" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=8 nm," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=1, 4." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349967&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349971&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349969&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文以纤锌矿ZnSnN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/In" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ga" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "N有限高柱形量子点为研究对象，在有效质量近似下，利用变分法计算得到了量子点的带隙，然后通过细致平衡理论，分析了量子点太阳能电池的转换效率在有无多重激子效应下随量子点半径、高度和In组分的变化关系以及内建电场对太阳能电池转换效率的影响。结果表明，太阳能电池的转换效率随着量子点半径、高度以及In组分的增加单调增加，最后逐渐趋于平缓，并且量子点半径对效率的影响要大于其高度的影响。此外，多重激子效应和内建电场对效率的影响只有在量子点尺寸较大时效果才明显，此时前者能够明显提高太阳能电池的转换效率，但后者会使得太阳能电池的转换效率明显降低。所以，选取合适尺寸的量子点可以有效提高太阳能电池的转换效率;而对于纤锌矿结构，选取合适的组分配比还可以减少内建电场的影响，从而可以进一步提高太阳能电池的转换效率。" } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献:" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "赵玉文" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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