喷墨印刷有机电致发光显示材料与器件进展 增强出版

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "喷墨印刷有机电致发光显示材料与器件进展" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Progress in Inkjet Printing Organic Electroluminescent Display Materials and Devices" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "王", "givenname": "士攀", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "WANG", "givenname": "Shipan", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [ "corresp", "first-author" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mail： shipan.wang@tcl.com", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mail： shipan.wang@tcl.com" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "王士攀（1989-），男，山东济南人，博士，2017年于吉林大学获得博士学位，主要从事印刷OLED显示材料及器件的研究。 E-mail： shipan.wang@tcl.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941852&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941858&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941856&type=", "width": "24.89202881", "height": "29.88732910", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "王士攀" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1989-），男，山东济南人，博士，2017年于吉林大学获得博士学位，主要从事印刷OLED显示材料及器件的研究。 E-mail： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "shipan.wang@tcl.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "shipan.wang@tcl.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "姜", "givenname": "毅斌", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "JIANG", "givenname": "Yibin", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "张", "givenname": "凯旋", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "ZHANG", "givenname": "Kaixuan", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "董", "givenname": "婷", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "DONG", "givenname": "Ting", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "付", "givenname": "东", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "FU", "givenname": "Dong", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor2", "lang": "en", "text": "fud@tcl.com", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "fud@tcl.com" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "付东（1969-），男，四川内江人，硕士，正高级工程师，1994年于电子科技大学获得硕士学位，主要从事印刷显示技术研究与产业链推动。" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941860&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941864&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941862&type=", "width": "24.89200211", "height": "29.88732910", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "付东" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1969-），男，四川内江人，硕士，正高级工程师，1994年于电子科技大学获得硕士学位，主要从事印刷显示技术研究与产业链推动。" } ] ] } ], "email": "fud@tcl.com", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": "广东聚华印刷显示技术有限公司， 广东 广州　510700", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "广东聚华印刷显示技术有限公司， 广东 广州　510700" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "text": "Guangdong Juhua Printed Display Technology Co. Ltd， Guangzhou 510700， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Guangdong Juhua Printed Display Technology Co. Ltd， Guangzhou 510700， China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "随着有机电致发光显示（OLED）技术的不断发展，OLED在智能手机、智能手表和电视等市场应用不断扩大。尤其是在小尺寸智能手机市场，OLED已成为主流的显示技术，并有望逐步替代LCD技术。但在中大尺寸显示产品如平板电脑、笔记本、显示器、电视等应用领域，受限于目前真空蒸镀工艺的高成本及可靠性问题，发展较为缓慢，但市场对其需求依然很高。相比于真空蒸镀技术，通过喷墨印刷技术制备显示器件，可极大地提高材料利用率，降低设备成本，且由于其是一种增材制造方式，可减少资源消耗和环境污染，更有利于实现大面积、轻、薄、柔的显示屏制造。本文介绍了用于喷墨印刷OLED的各功能层材料研究进展，并对印刷OLED器件结构、制备工艺及器件性能进行了讨论，最后对印刷OLED的发展前景进行了展望。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "With the continuous development of organic light emitting diodes （OLED）， the application of OLED in markets such as smartphones， smart watches， and TVs continues to expand. Especially in the small-size smartphone market， OLED has become the mainstream display technology and is expected to gradually replace LCD technology. However， in the application fields of medium and large size display products such as tablets， notebooks， monitors， TVs， " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "etc" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ".， limited by the high cost and reliability of the current vacuum evaporation process， the development is relatively slow， but the market demand for them is still very high. Compared with vacuum evaporation technology， the preparation of display devices by inkjet printing technology can greatly improve the utilization rate of materials and reduce equipment costs. And because it is additive manufacturing， it can reduce resource consumption and environmental pollution， which is more conducive to the realization of large-size， light， thin and flexible display manufacturing. This paper introduces the research progress of various functional layer materials for inkjet printing OLEDs， and discusses the device structure， preparation process and device performance of current printed OLEDs. Finally， the development trends of printed OLEDs are prospected." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机电致发光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "增材制造" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "喷墨印刷技术" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "印刷OLED材料及器件" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "organic electroluminescence" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "additive manufacturing" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "inkjet printing technology" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "printed OLED materials and devices" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引　　言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机发光二极管（OLED）因其具有高对比度、广色域、高响应速度、可柔性显示等诸多优势，作为新一代显示技术，近几十年来得到了深入的研究，并在高端手机、电视、可穿戴手表等显示领域实现了快速的商业化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2" ], "text": "1-2", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。然而，当前的OLED面板主要基于真空蒸镀工艺制备，需要高真空蒸镀机等高成本高耗能设备、高精度金属掩模版等高成本耗材，对于中大尺寸显示面板的低成本、大面积、节能制造仍然存在挑战。基于非接触式的喷墨印刷技术是一种常压氛围、无需掩模版的图案化成膜技术，由于其简单的加工步骤、较低的材料损耗、更低的制造成本和更方便的图形化过程，使得喷墨印刷技术对于实现轻、薄、柔、大面积、低成本的柔性显示器件极具吸引力" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R3", "R4" ], "text": "3-4", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。我们在" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表1", "type": "table", "rid": "T1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中对比了蒸镀OLED和喷墨印刷OLED在设备及材料成本、制备工艺及性能方面的差异。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "真空蒸镀与喷墨印刷OLED技术的对比" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Comparison of vacuum evaporation and inkjet printing OLED technology" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "rowspan": "2", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "工艺" } ] }, { "colspan": "4", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对比指标" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "设备成本" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "材料成本" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "制备工艺" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "器件性能" } ] } ] ], "body": [ [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "真空蒸镀法" } ] }, { "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "高真空设备，精密金属掩模版，成本高" } ] }, { "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "材料利用率低（<20%），成本高" } ] }, { "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "器件结构及工艺复杂" } ] }, { "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "高，蒸镀型OLED材料厂商多，体系相对成熟" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "喷墨印刷法" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "无需精密金属掩模版，较少真空腔室，成本低" } ] }, { "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "材料利用率高（>90%），成本低" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "器件结构及工艺简单" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中等，溶液型OLED材料厂商较少，高性能的材料体系仍在开发中" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ], "graphics": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941868&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941866&type=", "width": "162.79998779", "height": "34.38562012", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "国内外的显示面板公司纷纷布局印刷显示技术，如TCL华星、京东方，以及国外的JOLED、三星等主要厂商及研发机构，其中日本JOLED公司已实现小规模量产，其他公司也相继推出了基于喷墨打印技术制备的印刷型OLED原型显示器件。目前，印刷显示材料主要被国外材料厂商如住友化学、三菱化学、日产化学、LG化学等垄断。在材料性能方面，OLED红、绿印刷材料在器件效率方面已经接近蒸镀器件，寿命也可以满足商业化要求，而蓝光材料的性能还有待提高。在制备工艺过程方面，需要精准控制墨滴体积和喷墨位置、干燥后成膜的形貌等，以实现长时间稳定、均匀、可靠、精准的喷墨印刷工艺" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R5", "R6", "R7" ], "text": "5-7", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文将分别从印刷OLED材料现状、器件结构、制备工艺及器件性能等方面分别展开叙述，最后结合我们自身的实践，针对喷墨印刷OLED的相关应用前景进行了展望。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　印刷OLED材料" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "印刷OLED材料根据其常见器件结构，主要可分为印刷的空穴注入层（HIL）材料、空穴传输层（HTL）材料、发光层（EML）材料、电子传输/注入层（ETL/EIL）材料。目前印刷的HIL、HTL及EML材料已经得到量产使用，而印刷的ETL/ EIL材料目前仍在开发中，现在的器件结构仍在使用蒸镀方法制备ETL/EIL材料及电极。下文将分别介绍各功能层材料的现状。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1　空穴注入层（HIL）材料" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "空穴注入层（HIL）作为印刷OLED器件的第一功能层，起着将空穴从阳极有效注入到空穴传输层（HTL）中的作用，在整个OLED材料产业中占据着重要的位置。为了满足效率、寿命、制程良率等要求，溶液型HI材料需具有如下特性：" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（1）电学上，需要具有合适的功函和迁移率。HI的功函数或者HOMO能级要求在5.1~5.3 eV，HI的空穴迁移率需要达到10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "~10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/（V·s）；" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（2）成膜工艺上，HI墨水要避免咖啡环、边缘堆积等效应，成膜均匀性良好；" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（3）抗溶剂性上，HIL要抵抗上层HTL成膜时的溶剂渗透、溶解等破坏。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "目前报道的可应用于印刷工艺的溶液型HI主要有三类：一是基于导电聚合物体系的HIL材料，例如聚3，4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PEDOT∶PSS），也有报道可以用全氟离聚物perfluorinated ionomer（PFI）掺杂以提高其功函" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；二是基于p-型掺杂的空穴传输材料形成的HIL材料，例如采用掺杂4-异丙基-4'-甲基二苯基碘鎓四（五氟苯基硼酸盐）（DPI-TPFB）的聚（三芳基胺）（PTAA）空穴传输材料作为HIL" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；三是基于过渡金属氧化物纳米粒子的tHIL，如WO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、V" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R10", "R11", "R12" ], "text": "10-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "列出了常见的印刷型空穴注入材料示意图。其中基于酸性导电聚合物体系的PEDOT∶PSS型HIL由于会腐蚀打印头，对器件稳定性有不良影响，因此需要开发非酸性体系的HIL材料。基于p-型掺杂的空穴传输材料形成的HIL材料目前为产业界应用的主流，其关键挑战在于p-型掺杂剂低的LUMO能级需与空穴传输材料的HOMO能级匹配，形成能带弯曲，使空穴以隧道贯穿的方式注入，形成近似欧姆接触的效果；同时要求p-型掺杂剂在高温退火下具有不扩散性，避免对器件性能造成影响。基于过渡金属氧化物纳米粒子的HIL材料目前多见于学术报道，也有报道采用含有过渡金属配合物的前驱体溶液的HI墨水，当前驱体溶液成膜后，在一定的温度和氛围下进行氧化过程，从而将前驱体转化为金属氧化物，但其稳定性待考量。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "常见的溶液型空穴注入材料。 （a）基于导电聚合物体系的HIL材料；（b）基于p-型掺杂的空穴传输材料体系的HIL材料；（c）基于过渡金属氧化物前驱体的HIL材料。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Common solution processed hole injection materials. （a）HIL materials based on conductive polymer systems. （b）HIL materials based on p-type doped hole transport material systems. （c）Transition metal oxide precursor-based HIL materials." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941870&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941874&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941872&type=", "width": "79.74707031", "height": "73.82966614", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2　空穴传输层（HTL）材料" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "HTL在OLED器件中起到将注入的空穴传输到发光层EML的作用，同时又起到阻挡电子及限制激子复合区的作用，因此HTL功能层需要满足一定的能级要求和空穴迁移率要求。适配印刷工艺的HTL除了要满足上述电学性能要求，还需要兼容溶液工艺，即在特定溶剂中具有良好的溶解性和抵抗上层EML溶剂冲刷的能力。对于溶液加工HTL来说，为避免被EML溶剂溶解，通常采用化学交联的HTL功能层。目前主流的印刷型空穴传输材料为含两个或多个交联基团的小分子或聚合物材料，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R13", "R14", "R15", "R16", "R17", "R18", "R19" ], "text": "13-19", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "分别基于小分子和聚合物的溶液型空穴传输材料" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Solution-processed hole transport materials based on small molecules and polymers， respectively." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941876&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941881&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941879&type=", "width": "124.62933350", "height": "62.39935303", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "化学交联目前主要有光化学交联和热交联两种方式。光化学交联的方式如基于氧杂环丁烷的 HTL在紫外线 (UV) 照射下可以通过阳离子开环聚合 (CROP) 反应引发交联并形成线性聚醚" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。但光化学交联过程需要光化学引发剂和UV辐射进行交联，这会增加自由基引发剂导致激子猝灭和紫外线对OLED材料造成光损伤的问题。而热交联材料可能是更好的选择，因为它们既不需要光酸也不需要引发剂，从而消除了引起激子猝灭和稳定性问题的一种因素。热交联材料一般具有苯乙烯、苯并环丁烯、三氟乙烯基醚等官能团" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R14", "R15" ], "text": "14-15", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在高温加热后，这些基团发生聚合反应，形成不溶的交联网络结构薄膜，从而较好地抵抗溶剂的冲刷。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于在溶液加工OLED器件中，工艺结构简单，没有激子阻挡层，因此HTL既起到空穴传输的作用也起到激子阻挡的作用。这就要求HTL材料不但要有良好的空穴迁移率、耐溶剂特性，还要有较深的HOMO能级以促进空穴到发光层的注入，以及浅的LUMO能级以阻挡电子和较高的三线态能级以阻挡激子的猝灭。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3　发光层（EML）材料" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "发光层（EML）材料包含发光客体材料和主体材料，其中发光客体材料作为发光的介质，发挥着核心作用。对发光客体材料的要求是既要有较高的发光效率，又要有较好的稳定性，同时对于RGB显示器件来说，又要有良好的色纯度。目前，根据发光客体材料的发光机理，可分为荧光发光客体材料、磷光发光客体材料、热活化延迟荧光（TADF）客体材料等。根据自旋统计规则，电激发下，会产生25%的单重态激子和75%的三重态激子。其中荧光客体发光材料只能利用25%的单重态激子通过辐射跃迁发光，而三重态激子由于自旋禁阻，只能通过无辐射跃迁回到基态，因此理论上最大内量子效率只有25%。含有重金属原子的过渡金属配合物磷光客体发光材料，由于重金属原子强的自旋轨道耦合效应，使原本自旋禁阻的三重态激子回到基态的辐射跃迁变为允许; 同时由于单重态和三重态的能级差较小，单重态激子可以通过系间窜越传到三重态，继而与三重态激子一起通过辐射跃迁发光，这种形式的光称为磷光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其理论最大内量子效率可以达到100%。Adachi等报道了一类具有较小单重态和三重态能级差的纯有机分子，这种分子的三重态激子可以通过热激活的反向系间窜越过程回到单重态，再与单重态激子通过辐射跃迁回到基态而发光，称为热活化延迟荧光（TADF）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R21", "R22" ], "text": "21-22", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其理论最大内量子效率亦可以达到100%。出于对效率和发光稳定性的综合考虑，目前印刷型的蓝光发光客体材料主要采用荧光客体材料，红绿光客体材料主要采用磷光客体发光材料" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R23", "R24", "R25", "R26", "R27" ], "text": "23-27", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，适用于印刷工艺的发光客体材料也有小分子和聚合物两种类型。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "分别基于小分子（a）和聚合物（b）的RGB溶液型发光客体材料" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RGB solution-processed guest emitting materials based on small molecules（a） and polymers（b）， respectively." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941883&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941886&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941885&type=", "width": "134.36598206", "height": "75.94598389", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "小分子发光客体材料一般由发色基团和辅助基团组成，聚合物发光客体材料一般由含有发色基团的单体和主体链段共聚而成。发色基团是客体的发光中心，其与发光颜色和发光性能直接相关；辅助基团和主体链段起着电荷传输、激子分散、调节溶解度和成膜性等作用，能进一步提高发光效率和稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在OLED的发光层中，主体材料对于分散发光客体防止其聚集猝灭、调节电荷平衡和提高激子利用率具有十分重要的作用。空穴和电子传输到发光层上，往往先在主体上形成电子-空穴对，产生激子，再通过能量转移过程转移给客体发光分子。因此主体的激发态能级一般要高于发光客体的激发态能级，以防止能量回传导致的激子猝灭。如何有效利用主体的激子能量对于提高OLED的器件效率至关重要。在荧光客体发光材料体系中，通常采用三重态-三重态湮灭（TTA）型主体材料。TTA是基于两个三重态激子相互碰撞生成一个单重态激子的机制，能将三重态激子转化为单重态，从而提高了激子的利用率，理论上最高可达到62.5%。目前，在印刷型的主体材料中，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示，小分子蓝光体系主要采用含蒽基团的荧光主体材料，其传输机理采用的是上述TTA机制" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R29", "R30" ], "text": "29-30", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在磷光客体发光材料体系中，主体材料（尤其是绿光主体）通常会使用具有TADF性质的结构化合物，利用三重态激子反向系间窜越到单重态，再传输到客体材料中，理论上能够达到100%的能量利用效率，并能克服三重态激子浓度过高造成的效率滚降问题" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R31", "R32", "R33" ], "text": "31-33", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在聚合物体系中，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）所示，主体跟客体通常是共聚在一个分子链上的，以主体单元和发光单元的形式存在" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R34", "R35", "R36" ], "text": "34-36", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "分别基于小分子（a）和聚合物（b）的RGB溶液型发光主体材料" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RGB solution-processed host emitting materials based on small molecules（a） and polymers（b）， respectively." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941889&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941894&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941892&type=", "width": "123.01440430", "height": "94.46755981", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.4　电子传输/注入材料" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2d" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于电子传输材料来说，通常要求具有较高的电子亲和势，以利于电子从阴极注入；较高的电子迁移率，以使得空穴和电子载流子在整个发光器件中平衡，复合中心集中于发光层；较深的HOMO能级，以阻挡空穴，同时相对发光层材料较高的三线态能级以限制激子；较高的透光率，避免对发光层发出的光吸收；此外还应具有较高的热稳定性及电化学稳定性，以保障器件在工作过程中的稳定性。目前印刷OLED器件电子传输材料仍主要采用小分子蒸镀型材料，与蒸镀型OLED器件一致。但对于顶发射器件来说，采用全开口整面蒸镀的电子传输材料会阻塞阴极接触孔，从而导致更严重的电压降（IR DROP）问题，即使得面板发光出现边缘亮中间暗的亮度不均匀问题" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此印刷电子传输层的研究也引起了研究人员的关注" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R38", "R39" ], "text": "38-39", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。对于印刷型电子传输材料来说，除了上述特性，还应具有良好的溶解性和成膜性，以及溶液加工对下层发光层较小的破坏性。目前主要有三种类型的材料可以作为印刷型的电子传输材料，一是共轭聚电解质材料，二是正交型小分子电子传输材料，三是无机金属氧化物材料。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示，华南理工大学曹镛团队开发了一类溶于水/醇溶剂的共轭聚电解质PFN系列材料，这类材料具有高度离域的π共轭主链和极性侧基取代的侧链，其与金属电极之间可形成界面偶极，诱导真空能级移动，可达到改变界面能级、调节金属功函、改善阴极电子注入的效果" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。小分子电子传输材料由于结构设计简单，合成纯化容易，且HOMO/LUMO能级及三线态能级更易调节，因而更匹配现有的高效磷光OLED体系。与蒸镀小分子传输材料相比，溶液加工小分子电子传输材料面临的关键问题是其在正交溶剂中的溶解性及成膜性。清华大学邱勇组报道了一种含磷氧基团的电子传输材料PhPO，磷氧基团具有良好的电子受体特性，且极性特性使其在极性醇溶剂中具有良好的溶解度，三个磷氧基团形成的星型构型使其具有良好的成膜特性及热稳定性；且磷氧基团的非共轭特性使其不影响材料的三重态能级，可以作为空穴和激子阻挡层很好地将激子限制在发光层，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "(b)所示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。另外，无机金属氧化物材料如TiO" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、ZrO" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、ZnO等由于对空气湿度不敏感、高透明、高导电性且具有低功函特性，在QLED中常用作ETL；但在OLED中，由于ZnO的LUMO能级很低（4.4 eV），与EML的LUMO具有较大的能级差，注入较难，且激子容易在界面处猝灭，通常需要在ZnO和EML之间设计一层中间层起到降低ZnO到EML之间注入势垒和抑制激子猝灭的作用。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c）所示，北京科技大学的李立东等报道了采用Li(acac)∶PEI作为ZnO纳米粒子ETL和磷光EML的中间层降低注入势垒及抑制三线态激子猝灭，为抑制中间层被破坏，他们将ZnO 纳米粒子在非极性正交辛烷溶剂中重分散并掺入少量聚酰亚胺（PI）抑制了纳米粒子团聚，提高了器件效率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "42", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "溶液型电子传输材料。 （a）共轭聚电解质材料； （b）正交型小分子电子传输材料；（c）无机金属氧化物材料。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Solution-processd electron transport materials. （a）Conjugated polyelectrolyte materials. （b）Orthogonal small-molecule electron transport materials. （c）Inorganic metal oxide materials." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941897&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941903&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941900&type=", "width": "78.19387817", "height": "76.88549805", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.5　印刷材料和墨水配制" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2e" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "将OLED的各功能层材料配制成稳定可打印的墨水是实现喷墨印刷显示技术的关键环节。墨水主要由功能材料和溶剂组成，其中溶剂的选择对于墨水的稳定性、可打印性及成膜均匀性等至关重要。通常对于印刷显示的墨水的主要要求如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表2", "type": "table", "rid": "T2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "印刷墨水配置的主要参数、影响因素及参考指标" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Main parameters， influencing factors and reference indexes of inkjet printing ink configuration" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "墨水配制主要参数" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "影响因素" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考指标" } ] } ] ], "body": [ [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "墨水黏度" } ] }, { "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "墨水黏度决定了墨滴能否形成及形成墨滴的体积大小" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.黏度过低，墨水在重力作用下不受控制流出；" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.黏度过高，喷头无法挤出。" } ] } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据目前喷墨印刷装备的要求，黏度范围一般为3～15 mPa·S" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "墨水表面张力" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "墨水表面张力影响其对喷嘴、基板的润湿性，喷墨墨滴的形成、大小、连续性（滴状、散点、拖尾）以及喷墨波形" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据目前喷墨印刷装备的要求，表面张力范围一般为28～45 mN/m" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "墨水浓度" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "墨水浓度影响打印的墨滴体积及成膜性" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于聚合物材料来说，浓度即固含量越高，墨水黏度越大，因此墨水固体含量一般控制在0.2%～2.5%之间。而对小分子材料，固含量对墨水黏度的影响较小。" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "溶剂沸点" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.沸点过低，溶液挥发太快堵塞喷头；" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.沸点过高，溶剂难以除去，影响器件性能。" } ] } ] }, { "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "180～350 ℃" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "溶剂酸碱性" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "溶剂不能腐蚀打印头" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据目前喷墨印刷装备的要求，pH范围一般为4～9" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] }, { "head": [ [ { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "墨水配制主要参数" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "影响因素" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考指标" } ] } ] ], "body": [ [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "溶解性" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "溶剂的溶解性决定溶液体系的固含量，进而决定像素内的墨滴数量；溶剂对溶质的溶解性还影响墨水的物理稳定性，溶解度越高，分散越均匀，液滴稳定性越好" } ] }, { "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对HIL及HTL材料来说，溶解性一般需要≥40 mg/mL；对EML材料来说，主体材料溶解性一般需要≥40 mg/mL，客体材料溶解性一般需要≥10 mg/mL" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "溶剂正交性" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "上层材料的溶剂不能溶解下层材料" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有害溶剂判断" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "剔除对打印装备或材料分子结构有破坏的溶剂" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "铺展性" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "墨水与基板表面能极性匹配与否，影响墨水在基板表面的浸润性，进而影响成膜均匀性" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "成膜性" } ] }, { "align": "justify", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "成膜均匀性直接影响器件的性能及显示均一性" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "安全性" } ] }, { "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.毒性；2.闪点等" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ], "graphics": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941915&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941912&type=", "width": "162.79997253", "height": "61.22674179", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "墨水的可打印性主要由墨水的流变性，如黏度、表面张力及剪切速率变化量决定" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这些物理参数主要受到材料的分子结构和相对分子质量、固体含量及溶剂选择的影响。对于聚合物功能材料来说，其优势在于其较大的相对分子质量，使其在溶液加工中具有良好的成膜质量；但其在墨水配置中，在溶液中的聚合物固含量越高，墨水黏度越大，由于聚合物具有不同于传统牛顿流体的特性，存在剪切变稀的现象，在喷墨打印过程中易产生卫星点及延迟现象。为避免产生这些问题，通常需要从聚合物的分子构型、相对分子质量、溶液浓度及溶剂选择等方面进行调控" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R43", "R44", "R45" ], "text": "43-45", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。对于小分子功能材料来说，其相对分子质量较小，存在溶解稳定性及分子成膜性问题，需要通过合适的分子结构设计如增大分子体积、引入烷基链结构等加以改善。但其在溶液中固含量的多少对墨水的黏度影响很小，小分子墨水的流体特性主要取决于溶剂的性质，通常通过选择高黏度溶剂或添加剂的方式来提高打印墨水的黏度。同时由于小分子墨水的黏度不受溶质固含量的影响，因此可以打印小体积的高浓度墨水实现较厚的固体薄膜，使其在打印高分辨率显示屏方面具有一定优势。溶剂的沸点和表面张力决定了墨水的挥发速率及其对喷嘴、基板的润湿性，从而影响墨水喷射的稳定性及其在基板上的成膜性。通过选择物理性质适当的溶剂，可以控制墨水的可打印性、墨水在像素内的铺展及成膜性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　印刷OLED器件" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1　印刷OLED器件结构" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为提升OLED器件的开口率，实现高亮度、高分辨率的显示面板，通常采用顶发射的器件结构。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，顶发射器件结构一般选用反射率较高的复合膜层作为阳极，光从透明阴极的方向出射。常见的反射阳极包含ITO/Ag/ITO、ITO/APC/ITO等结构；透明阴极有薄的复合金属如MgAg、Yb/Ag等，金属氧化物如 ITO、IZO、AZO等，DMD (电介质/金属/电介质) 结构如IZO/Ag/IZO、WO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Ag/WO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等，纳米材料如金属纳米线(AgNW)、碳纳米管、石墨烯等。目前，小尺寸蒸镀OLED器件HIL、HTL、ETL、EIL、透明阴极及光取出层（CPL）通过整面开口的掩模板蒸镀，RGB发光层及对应的RGB-激子阻挡层（EBL）则采用精细金属掩模板蒸镀形成RGB图案，通过EBL的厚度调控微共振腔长。而喷墨打印OLED器件结构简单，没有EBL，RGB像素对应的HIL、HTL及EML墨水可以通过打印头精确打印到对应的像素中，因此顶发射器件的腔长调控可以通过调节对应像素的HIL及HTL的厚度实现。而目前ETL、EIL、透明阴极及CPL与蒸镀类似，采用整面开口的掩模板蒸镀形成。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "顶发射RGB OLED器件结构示意图。 （a）蒸镀OLED器件结构；（b）印刷OLED器件结构。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic diagram of OLED device structure. （a）Vacuum evaporation OLED device structure. （b）Inkjet printed OLED device structure." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941918&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941926&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941921&type=", "width": "77.34259033", "height": "44.12939453", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2　印刷OLED器件制备工艺" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "喷墨打印技术制备OLED时，是将功能层材料HIL、HTL、RGB-EML的墨水分别喷涂到对应的子像素内，再通过真空干燥工艺使得墨水挥发后形成RGB三基色像素发光层薄膜，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。然后再通过蒸镀的方式形成电子传输层（ETL）、电子注入层（EIL）、半透明阴极（Cathode）和光取出层（CPL）。最后通过化学气相沉积和喷墨打印相结合的方式，形成无机/有机/无机复合的封装结构。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "印刷OLED制备喷墨打印（a）及真空干燥工艺（b）示意图" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic diagram of inkjet printing（a） and vacuum drying process（b） for the preparation of printed OLEDs" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941928&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941934&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941931&type=", "width": "141.08081055", "height": "33.27514648", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "随着高性能打印材料的开发以及印刷顶发射器件结构的不断优化，印刷OLED器件性能得到了显著提升。但为了进一步缩小与蒸镀OLED器件性能的差距，还需对印刷OLED工艺不断优化。通常印刷OLED器件制备过程主要包含喷墨打印工艺（IJP process）、真空干燥工艺（VCD process）和烘烤工艺（Bake process）。这些制备过程中就涉及到成膜均匀性、界面互溶以及溶剂残余等问题，是影响印刷器件性能的关键因素。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在实际应用中，喷墨打印制备OLED的像素内薄膜均匀性直接影响到OLED器件的寿命、效率、光色以及显示均匀性，因此提高印刷薄膜均匀性是提高印刷OLED器件性能的关键因素之一" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。打印液滴在干燥过程中，通常像素Bank边缘与中心挥发速率差异而产生毛细流动造成的咖啡环效应，从而导致溶质在像素边缘堆积" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "49", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R49", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "49" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R48", "R49" ], "text": "48-49", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。基于咖啡环的形成过程，通常采用三大类方法来抑制“咖啡环”效应。一是减弱液滴内部的由内向外的毛细流" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "50", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R50", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；二是增大液体内部由外向内的马兰哥尼流" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；三是控制蒸发过程中三相接触线的钉扎" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在印刷OLED器件中，对应以上三种方法的具体调控手段为真空干燥条件优化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、墨水组分调控" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "55", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R55", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "55" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R54", "R55" ], "text": "54-55", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及Bank结构设计" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这三种手段从本质上均是通过调控墨水的挥发速率，控制干燥过程中溶质的沉积速度，来提高薄膜的均匀性。默克公司的Georg Bernatz等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "研究发现，干燥过程中抽速过快容易造成发光材料结晶导致发光不均匀；而采用中等的抽速，薄膜形貌相对均匀；继续降低抽速则造成干燥过程中墨水边缘部分非浸润性铺展，导致像素部分发光偏暗。因此可以通过对真空抽速的调节，控制成膜形貌进而影响器件性能。他们亦在像素内打印不同溶剂配方的HIL墨水，通过调整溶剂组分的沸点、表面张力、粘度等实现墨水在干燥过程中在Bank上的钉扎点下移，减少HIL在Bank边缘堆积，可以将单层薄膜均匀性由60%提升至85%。在Bank结构设计方面，可通过调节Bank 倾斜角、采用亲/疏水性Bank材料双层Bank结构等，调控墨水与Bank边缘接触时的接触面大小，影响像素边缘与中心的挥发速率、三相接触线的钉扎高度等，进而调节像素内的干燥薄膜形貌。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "印刷OLED器件多层溶液加工层之间较难形成良好的多层界面，打印的上层墨水可能对下层功能层薄膜存在一定的溶解破坏而容易形成界面混合问题。通常界面混合容易造成发光层中电荷散射以及电荷陷阱能等问题，导致溶液加工器件性能低于蒸镀器件性能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。目前的研究通常采用正交溶剂或者交联型材料来抑制上层加工墨水对下层薄膜的溶解" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "59", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R59", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "59" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R57", "R58", "R59" ], "text": "57-59", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "来提高器件性能。其中，由于正交溶剂对材料性质限制性较大，引入交联型功能团材料的方法更广泛" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "59", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R59", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "59" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R59", "R60" ], "text": "59-60", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。随着进一步研究发现，即使采用完全交联的材料，在溶液加工的OLED器件中界面混合也是不可完全避免的；而且适度的界面共混能更好地平衡载流子及激子复合，缩小溶液加工器件与蒸镀器件性能的差距。目前研究指出可以通过材料结构" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、溶剂组分" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、退火条件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "63", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R63", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "63" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等对溶液加工的界面共混进行调控。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "溶液加工薄膜中残余的溶剂分子容易形成极化子，会使相邻有机分子的轨道变形，扰乱轨道重叠，从而最终减少轨道间的能量转移" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "64", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R64", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "64" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。极化子和电荷之间也存在相互作用，导致激子以非辐射的方式猝灭。通常溶液处理的有机薄膜表现出较高的极化子结合能和较低的电荷迁移率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "65", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R65", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "65" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。相比于旋涂工艺，印刷工艺通常采用的溶剂沸点更高、墨水浓度更低，且成膜后需要进一步的干燥过程，因而需要更加注意溶剂残余对器件性能的影响。目前可以通过对溶剂筛选" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、干燥过程调控" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及热退火工艺优化等来减小溶剂残余对器件性能的影响。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3　器件性能进展" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "随着各国对印刷材料和器件的研发和资源投入越来越大，高性能的印刷有机光电材料与器件相关技术获得了突飞猛进的发展。代表性公司有日本住友化学公司、三菱化学公司和德国默克公司，分别在国际显示学术会议中报道了其在印刷器件中的开发进展，汇总如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表3", "type": "table", "rid": "T3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "68", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R68", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "68" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "70", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R70", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R68", "R69", "R70" ], "text": "68-70", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。目前各家厂商的材料和器件性能基本能满足显示的需求。随着关键技术瓶颈的突破，印刷有机光电显示的产业化指日可待。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "印刷OLED厂商材料的顶发射器件性能表现" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Top-emission device performance of printed OLED material venders" } ] } ], "note": [], "beforegraphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941936&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941942&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941939&type=", "width": "163.00000000", "height": "31.94737625", "fontsize": "" } ], "table": [] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "title": [] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941945&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941950&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941947&type=", "width": "49.69689941", "height": "5.33520508", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　应用前景" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "目前，分辨率在300PPI以下的各类显示产品如电视、监视器、车载显示屏、笔记本电脑、平板电脑显示屏等，喷墨打印设备的打印精度都可以覆盖。而随着未来打印头性能的进一步提升如墨滴体积更小、控制墨滴落点精度更高，喷墨打印工艺将有望实现300PPI以上分辨率显示屏的制造能力，从而实现智能手机、手表等产品的喷墨印刷工艺制造。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "国内外显示面板生产制造企业纷纷布局印刷显示技术。其中日本JOLED公司已实现中尺寸印刷显示面板的量产，已供应LG电子、华硕等终端厂商的高端电脑显示器产品。国内的TCL华星光电技术有限公司（TCL华星）、广东聚华印刷显示技术有限公司（聚华）、京东方科技集团股份有限公司（京东方）等相继推出了基于喷墨打印技术制备的中、大尺寸印刷OLED原型显示器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "71", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R71", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "71" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R71", "R72", "R73", "R74", "R75" ], "text": "71-75", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "各家面板公司推出的喷墨印刷OLED原型显示器件。 （a）TCL华星17英寸印刷OLED折叠显示屏；（b）TCL华星31英寸4K印刷OLED显示屏；（c）TCL华星17英寸印刷OLED卷轴显示屏；（d）聚华31英寸喷墨印刷可卷绕OLED样机；（e）京东方55英寸4K印刷OLED显示屏；（f）TCL华星65英寸8K印刷OLED显示屏。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Inkjet printed OLED prototype displays launched by panel companies. （a）TCL CSOT 17-inch printed OLED folding display. （b）TCL CSOT 31-inch 4K printed OLED display. （c）TCL CSOT 17-inch printed OLED scroll display. （d）Juhua 31-inch inkjet printed rollable OLED prototype. （e）BOE 55-inch 4K printed OLED display. （f）TCL CSOT 65-inch 8K printed OLED display." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941953&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941957&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39941955&type=", "width": "135.34265137", "height": "52.40866089", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5　结　　论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "喷墨印刷OLED技术具备大面积、轻、薄、柔、低成本的特征，更适合柔性显示产品的制造，未来柔性显示器件的加工和制造将变得像打印纸张一样便捷。随着喷墨印刷显示技术的突破和产品的量产，未来几年，印刷显示技术将迎来爆发期，发展潜力巨大。印刷显示技术的难点在于下层有机薄膜易被上层溶剂溶解、渗透等破坏，发生界面互溶问题，因此多层印刷有机功能层需要对下层薄膜进行交联处理或采用正交溶剂加工。目前，在印刷显示发光材料方面，红、绿印刷OLED发光材料在器件效率方面已经接近蒸镀器件的水平，寿命也可满足商业化要求，但蓝光印刷OLED材料的性能还有待提高。在印刷空穴注入层材料方面，不仅要求功函与阳极匹配，且需要高的空穴迁移率，耐上层HTL的溶剂，不采用酸性的体系，避免腐蚀打印头。在印刷空穴传输层材料方面，不但要有良好的空穴迁移率、耐溶剂特性，还要有较深的HOMO能级以促进空穴到发光层的注入和较高的三线态能级以阻挡激子的猝灭。尤其是对于蓝光器件来说，高迁移率、深HOMO能级及高三线态能级的溶液型HT材料开发仍然是一个很大的挑战。对于印刷电子传输层材料，为避免下层发光层的破坏，一般采用正交醇类溶剂加工，而基于正交醇类溶剂的小分子电子传输/注入材料在器件性能尤其是磷光器件上具有一定优势。此外，在印刷OLED器件结构设计上，与传统蒸镀法不同，溶液法OLED器件结构由于没有激子和电子阻挡层，有些适用于蒸镀的发光层设计在溶液法中就会产生发光猝灭而导致效率下降。为此，除了需要根据材料能级合理选用相应的功能层材料如高三重态能级的空穴传输层材料以外，还需要选择合适的发光机制，设计相应的发光层结构以尽量保证高效率长寿命的器件实现。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "目前，喷墨印刷制备的OLED器件性能上与蒸镀OLED仍存在一定差距。首先，器件制备过程中界面互溶导致的性能不足，需要持续开发同时满足电学性能与耐溶剂性能的材料；其次，膜层中的溶剂残留导致的发光猝灭，需要在墨水开发中深度评估墨水组分的稳定性及反应性，并改进薄膜后处理工艺；再次，成膜的均一性不足导致的光谱展宽，需要在墨水组分、干燥工艺及Bank设计等方面进行针对性优化；最后，器件结构简化导致的性能降低，需要开发深HOMO、高三线态能级的溶液法空穴传输材料，并设计合适的器件结构进一步控制激子复合来改善器件性能，这在蓝光器件上尤为迫切。此外，可以预见，印刷电子传输/注入材料及电极材料在OLED的应用将进一步提升喷墨印刷显示技术的竞争力。总之，高性能印刷显示光电功能材料的开发对于印刷显示产业的发展壮大具有重要意义。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址：" }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/" } ], "href": "http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/" } } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CJL.20220309." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "1", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "陈金鑫" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": 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