新型光功能稀土配合物研究及应用进展

王浩; 王红宇; 何亮; 周亮; 邓瑞平

doi:10.37188/CJL.20220221

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新型光功能稀土配合物研究及应用进展

材料合成及性能 | 更新时间：2022-11-04

- 新型光功能稀土配合物研究及应用进展增强出版
- Progress in Research and Application of New Optical Functional Rare Earth Complexes
- 发光学报 2022年 43卷第10期 (2022)
- 作者机构：
  
  吉林建筑大学材料科学与工程学院,吉林,长春,130118;中国科学院长春应用化学研究所稀土资源利用国家重点实验室,吉林,长春,130022
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金委面上项目(62174160)
- DOI：10.37188/CJL.20220221 中图分类号： O482.31
- 纸质出版日期：2022-10-05，
  
  收稿日期：2022-05-31，
  
  修回日期：2022-06-19，
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引用本文
王浩,王红宇,何亮等.新型光功能稀土配合物研究及应用进展[J].发光学报,2022,43(10):1509-152310.37188/CJL.20220221.

WANG Hao,WANG Hong-yu,HE Liang,et al.Progress in Research and Application of New Optical Functional Rare Earth Complexes[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2022,43(10):1509-152310.37188/CJL.20220221.
王浩,王红宇,何亮等.新型光功能稀土配合物研究及应用进展[J].发光学报,2022,43(10):1509-152310.37188/CJL.20220221. DOI：

WANG Hao,WANG Hong-yu,HE Liang,et al.Progress in Research and Application of New Optical Functional Rare Earth Complexes[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2022,43(10):1509-152310.37188/CJL.20220221. DOI：

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"intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "中国科学院长春应用化学研究所稀土资源利用国家重点实验室，吉林长春　130022", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国科学院长春应用化学研究所稀土资源利用国家重点实验室，吉林长春　130022" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization， Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Changchun 130022， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization， Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Changchun 130022， China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土配合物独特的光物理性质决定其在发光器件、荧光探针等领域具有重要应用前景，因而受到广泛关注。本文总结了光功能稀土配合物研究的相关研究进展，梳理了相关的稀土配合物的光物理性质和发光机理理论，重点总结了近年来稀土配合物在有机电致发光器件、荧光探针等领域的研究进展，并对其未来的应用和研究进行了展望。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The rare earth complexes have attracted wide attention and aroused intensive research due to their unique photophysical properties， which endow them important application prospects in the fields of light-emitting devices and fluorescent probes， " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "etc" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". In this paper， the photophysical properties and luminescence mechanism of the rare earth complexes were sorted out， and the research progress of the photofunctional rare earth complexes in recent years was summarized， particularly in the fields of organic light-emitting diodes and fluorescent probes. Finally， the potential application and further research prospects of the rare earth complexes were proposed." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土配合物" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "光物理性质" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "光功能材料" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "荧光探针" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "发光器件" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "rare earth complexes" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "photophysical properties" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "photofunctional materials" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "fluorescent probes" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "light-emitting devices" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引　　言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土配合物是由稀土离子（一般为三价，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+ " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）与配位体（有机、无机配体）通过配位键相键合所形成的化合物。镧系稀土离子由于其4f电子受到5S" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "5P" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "壳层屏蔽，其光谱性质受到电场、晶场、磁场、配位场影响较小，所以其发光峰位相对改变较少，且峰形尖锐，色纯度极好；此外，由于4f电子的f-f跃迁属于宇称禁阻跃迁，稀土离子自身光吸收能力较弱的同时，发光寿命（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）普遍较长；此外，由于稀土离子多样，且存在丰富的发光能级，所以发光峰可以覆盖从紫外、可见到近红外区域，被誉为发光材料的宝库" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "自1942年Weissman" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "首次研究Eu（Ⅲ） β-二酮配合物的发光以来，光功能稀土配合物就不断得到了广泛和深入的研究。其应用领域也不断拓展，在传感器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、生物成像" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、有机电致发光二极管（Organic light-emitting diodes,OLEDs）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、太阳能电池" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、防伪" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、光动力疗法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、化学疗法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、电致变色" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "及荧光探针" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等领域被广泛研究。本文对稀土发光配合物的发光机理等进行了梳理，重点关注了近年来光功能稀土配合物在OLEDs、荧光探针领域中的研究动态。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　稀土配合物光物理过程" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1　稀土配合物光致发光过程" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于f-f跃迁的稀土配合物发光，一般认为存在两种机制，一是能量传递机理，二是电荷迁移机理。能量传递也叫“天线效应”，具体而言，稀土配合物中有机配体被光激发后，通过配体中心（Ligand-centered,LC）发生π-π" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "*" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁，电子从基态（S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）被激发到最低激发单重态（S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）；而后经过系间窜越（Intersystem crossing,ISC）转移至最低激发三重态（T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "），当T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态能级与" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "激发态能级存在合适能隙（Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）时，两者间会发生能量传递，从而激发稀土离子；最终" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "激发态电子通过辐射跃迁至基态，完成光致发光过程。当然，在能量间隙合适时，S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态也可直接向" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "激发态进行能量传递" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。电荷迁移机理也存在于一些常见的稀土配合物中，比如比较容易发生氧化还原的稀土离子（Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等），其过程涉及到分子内两个不同基团间的电荷转移，例如，配体内电荷迁移（Ligand internal charge transfer,ILCT）跃迁以及配体-金属电荷迁移（Ligand metal charge transfer, LMCT）跃迁等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。以上过程可以用" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "表示。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于f-f跃迁的稀土配合物光致发光过程。其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为吸收，ISC为系间窜越，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "k" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为速率常数，r为辐射，nr为非辐射，IC为内转换，ET为能量传递（省略了能量逆传递过程）" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Photoluminescence processes of rare earth complexes based on f-f transitions. Where " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " is absorption， ISC is intersystemporal channeling， " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "k" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " is the rate constant， r is radiated， nr is non-radiative， IC is internal conversion and ET is energy transfer（the energy back transfer processes are omitted）" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "IC" } ] } ] } ], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472040&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472043&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472041&type=", "width": "77.15789795", "height": "41.85055542", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据以上理论，影响稀土配合物发光性能的因素有很多，比如配体的光吸收能力、配体能级、敏化效率、辐射跃迁及非辐射几率等。但其中能够敏化稀土离子的能级（如配体T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级或配合物LMCT能级等）尤其受到关注，它与稀土离子激发态能级的能级差Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "将直接影响敏化效率（Sensitization efficiency," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "sen" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）。一般而言，这个能级必须高于稀土离子最低激发态能级才能发生有效的能量传递，但也不能太高，否则不能进行有效的能量传递；当两者能级差太小时，则从稀土离子向配体发生能量逆传递的几率大增，从而导致发光效率变差。目前稀土配合物中有机配体T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态能级对配合物发光量子效率（Quantum yield,QY）的影响尚无普适性的明确定论，但经过长期研究，仍然发现一些规律值得我们参考。例如，在Eu（Ⅲ）、Tb（Ⅲ）配合物中，最佳Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别为2 500 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "<" }, { "name": "text", "data": "Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "text", "data": "<" }, { "name": "text", "data": " 3 500 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和2 500 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "<" }, { "name": "text", "data": "Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "text", "data": "<" }, { "name": "text", "data": "4 000 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。所以如何调节配体能级也成为研究人员的一个重要关注点" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R15", "R16" ], "text": "15-16", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "除了能量传递等对发光有益的过程，一些引起非辐射跃迁的因素也是重要的关注点。在稀土配合物分子体系中，非辐射过程主要由振动弛豫主导，其中以C—H、O—H振动对稀土配合物发光影响最大，这是由于其振动频率（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ν" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=1, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "≈3 500 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "; " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ν" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=2, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "≈7 000 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "; " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ν" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=3, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "≈10 500 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "; " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ν" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=4, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "≈14 000 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "; " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ν" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=5, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "≈17 500 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）与" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "基态、激发态间能隙相接近（Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":3 100 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "; Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ": 6 940 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "; Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ": 10 250 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":14 800 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）。引入重原子，取代其中的H等轻原子可以有效地降低此类振动，例如对有机配体进行氟化是降低稀土配合物非辐射跃迁衰减速率（Non-radiative decay rates," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "k" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "nr" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）、降低分子内振动弛豫、提高QY的常用策略" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。但这种策略通常会伴随着T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态能级的变化，对稀土配合物分子内" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "sen" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "造成不确定的影响。此外，配位水也会严重猝灭稀土配合物的发光，所以，常采用合适的有机配体替代稀土配合物中的水分子，提升其QY。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2　稀土配合物电荷迁移跃迁" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "作为稀土配合物中重要的发光机理，电荷迁移跃迁对发光性能的影响也越来越受到关注。相较于金属‑配体电荷迁移跃迁（Metal ligand charge transfer, MLCT）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，近年来因LMCT跃迁而表现出优异光功能性的稀土配合物被频频报道" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R19", "R20" ], "text": "19-20", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，下面就LMCT跃迁做重点展开。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.1　配位几何结构与LMCT跃迁的关系" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土配合物配位数相对较大，一般在8～12之间，倾向于形成八配位正方反棱柱结构（8-SAP，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "D" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4d" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R21", "R22" ], "text": "21-22", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。早在1976年，Henrie等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "就指出不对称配位几何结构会提升辐射跃迁衰减速率（Radiative decay rates," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "k" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "r" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "），从能级能态角度分析，这是由于4f" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "5d" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与5d" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "混合所导致。进入21世纪，越来越多具有非中心对称配位几何结构的稀土配合物被报道，如具有九配位反棱镜结构（9-SAP，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）和八配位三角十二面体结构（TDH，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "D" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2d" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）的Eu（Ⅲ）配合物" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R24", "R25" ], "text": "24-25", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。随后，Miranda等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "指出双核Eu（Ⅲ）配合物中有机配体配位几何结构畸变和应变促进了LMCT跃迁变化，进一步表明了有机配体配位几何结构与稀土配合物光物理性质间的密切关系。在此背景下，Hasegawa等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对该领域进行了更为细致的研究。合成了两种基于配位几何诱导控制LMCT跃迁发光的Eu（Ⅲ）配合物:Eu（tmh）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "‑ （py）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（七配位单八面体结构，其中tmh为四甲基庚二酸，py为吡啶）和Eu（tmh）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（py）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2 " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（8-SAP，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "D" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4d" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）。通过漫反射光谱、时间分辨荧光光谱等手段对两种Eu（Ⅲ）配合物的光物理性质进行研究，发现在两种Eu（Ⅲ）配合物中，Eu-O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ligand" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "间配位距离与π-4f轨道混合程度决定了LMCT跃迁差异。配位距离较长的Eu（tmh）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（py）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "具有较低程度的π-4f轨道混合，从而在更高能级上促进了LMCT跃迁。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由此可见，配位几何结构直接影响配位原子的电子密度和配位原子与" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的距离，从而导致稀土配合物LMCT跃迁变化。借助稀土配合物配位几何结构与LMCT跃迁之间光物理关系的研究，可以更好地理解稀土配合物中依赖于LMCT跃迁的能量传递过程。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.2　4f⁃4f跃迁与LMCT跃迁的关系" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "一般情况下，电偶极作用引起的4f-4f跃迁是禁阻的，能在固体或溶液中观察到" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的4f-4f跃迁完全是由于晶场奇次项作用的结果" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R28", "R29" ], "text": "28-29", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，4f-4f跃迁与LMCT跃迁相互作用机制的研究非常关键。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "上世纪70年代，Henrie等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出4f-4f跃迁振子强度与LMCT跃迁能级和偶极强度有关，并总结了LMCT跃迁对" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的4f-4f跃迁影响的经验公式：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（1）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

P_{f f} = a^{2} E_{f f} (E_{C T})^{- 3} P_{C T}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472047&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472045&type=", "width": "32.42733002", "height": "4.82600021", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "代表振子强度，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "代表能级，ff与CT分别代表4f-4f跃迁与电荷转移，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "a" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是奇宇称振动的矩阵元素，（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CT" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-3" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CT" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与4f-4f跃迁振子强度成正比。2009年，Hatanaka和Yabushita" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "也报道了稀土配合物超灵敏跃迁几率在理论上受到LMCT跃迁影响。2017年，Yanagisawa等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "利用经验" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（1）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（1）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，对Eu（tmh）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（L-1）：Eu-1、Eu（tmh）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（L-2）：Eu-2、 Eu（tmh）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（L-3）：Eu-3 （其中L-1: 二苯基（对甲苯）氧化膦；L-2: 三对甲苯基氧化膦；L-3: 三间甲苯基氧化膦）发光增强与LMCT跃迁间的关系展开了研究，发现LMCT跃迁对Eu-1中4f-4f跃迁扰动是造成Eu-1中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "k" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "r" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "较高的原因之一。具体而言，温度在300 K以上时Eu-1、Eu-2及Eu-3的激发态寿命（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "obs" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）发生明显衰减。在对从" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级到LMCT态电荷转移速率（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "k" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CT" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）分析中，同时考察了活化能" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "a" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与频率因子" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的关系，发现前者与" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级到LMCT态电荷转移过程有关，而后者与LMCT态、" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级电子耦合有关。并通过含时密度泛函理论获得了大部分Eu-1、Eu-2及Eu-3从" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级到LMCT态电荷转移过程的光物理参数。代入" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（1）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（1）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中发现，Eu-1的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ff" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "最大。因此作者认为其在4f-4f跃迁发光过程中，受LMCT态影响最大。随后，Yanagisawa等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "又继续以双核稀土配合物EuTb（tmh）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "dpbp （其中dpbp: 4,4'-双（二苯基磷酰基）联苯）为研究对象，针对上述问题展开研究，发现随着温度升高（100~300 K），EuTb（tmh）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "dpbp的发光颜色由红色逐渐变为绿色。研究认为导致该现象的原因有二：一是由于Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与dpbp配体配合后会诱导电荷从" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级向dpbp转移；二是Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和tmh配体配合后产生LMCT态，诱导能量从" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级转移到LMCT态，引起发光猝灭。" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　光功能稀土配合物的应用" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "光功能稀土配合物表现出许多独特光物理性质，例如，4f-4f跃迁产生的长寿命尖锐发射、配体“天线效应”引起的较大Stokes位移和吸收增强、复杂的能量传递导致可调谐发光等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。上述光物理性质催生出稀土配合物广阔的应用前景，下面将重点介绍光功能稀土配合物在OLEDs、荧光探针等领域的进展与现状。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1　稀土配合物在有机电致发光二极管中的应用" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土配合物在理论上被认为是OLEDs中优异的发光材料之一，它的很多特性很好地契合OLEDs在照明、显示等应用中的要求，如高发光效率、可同时利用单线态和三线态激子能量、突破荧光材料25%外量子效率（External quantum efficiency, EQE）限制、优异的发光色纯度、广谱的发光覆盖范围（从紫外到近红外）、以及与Ir/Pt等发光材料相比价格相对低廉等，因而在OLEDs中得到广泛和深入的研究。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.1　OLEDs工作原理及结构" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3a1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OLEDs是目前科研界和产业界最受关注的领域之一，其工作原理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以分为四个阶段：（1）载流子注入；（2）载流子传输；（3）载流子复合及激子形成；（4）激子跃迁发光。具体而言，对于简单的器件结构，在外加电场作用下，电子和空穴分别从阴极和阳极注入，越过界面能势进入有机功能层，随后分别通过电子传输层（Electron transport layer，ETL）与空穴传输层（Hole transport layer，HTL）向发光层（Light-emitting layer，EML）迁移。在EML相遇后，电子和空穴发生复合，根据自旋量子统计原理形成25%的单重态激子和75%的三重态激子。激子能量传递到发光分子后，电子由基态跃迁至激发态，再经过辐射跃迁至基态，完成整个电致发光过程。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，目前最为经典的OLEDs器件结构包括电子注入层（Electron injection layer，EIL）、ETL、EML、HTL、空穴注入层（Hole injection layer，HIL）、阴极（Cathode）、阳极（Anode）以及透明衬底（Transport substrate）。其中，空穴从阳极注入，阳极多选用高功函数和高透明度材料，通常为Au、Co、Pt或导电氧化物，如氧化铟锡（ITO）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；电子从阴极注入，而阴极多选用低功函数金属、合金及双组分材料，如Ca、Ba、Mg、Li/Al和LiF/Al等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R36", "R37" ], "text": "36-37", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "经典OLEDs器件结构" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Device structure of classical OLEDs" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472049&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472053&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472051&type=", "width": "100.20355225", "height": "38.72900391", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.2　近红外（NIR）发射" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3a2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "以Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等为中心离子的稀土配合物因为发射770~2 500 nm的近红外光而备受关注" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。以下重点关注Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "稀土配合物在OLEDs的研究进展。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.2.1　Nd（Ⅲ）配合物" } ], "level": "4", "id": "s3a2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Nd（Ⅲ）配合物通常有三个发射波段，分别对应于" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁（890，1 070，1 360 nm）。由于Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "最低激发态能级较低，很多有机配体，如8-羟基喹啉（8-HQ）、β-二酮等均可以敏化Nd（Ⅲ）配合物近红外发光。1999年，Kawamura等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报道了以Nd（DBM）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "bath为发光材料（其中bath:5,6-二苯基-1,10-邻菲罗啉、DBM：二苯甲酰基甲烷）、结构为ITO/TPD/Nd（DBM）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "bath/Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Mg∶Ag （其中TPD: N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-二（3-甲基苯基）-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺）的有机电致发光器件，该器件展现出明显的近红外发射特征。2013年，Wei等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以Nd（PND）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为发光材料，制备出结构为ITO/NPB（50 nm）/CBP∶Nd（PND）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（7∶1,20 nm）/BCP（35 nm）/LiF（1 nm）/Al（100 nm）的发光器件（其中PND: 6-（吡啶 -2-基）-1,5-萘啶-4-醇、NPB：N,N'-二（萘-2-基）-N,N'-二（苯基）联苯-4,4'-二胺、CPB：4,4'-二（9-咔唑）联苯、BCP：2,9-二甲基-4,7二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉）。最大近红外辐射强度和EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别为25 μW/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和0.019%。2019年，Ahmed等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以六氟乙酰丙酮（hfaa）为第一配体、吲唑（Hind）为第二配体，成功合成出Nd‑ （hfaa）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（Hind）。并以此为基础，制备出结构为ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/β-NPB（30 nm）/[Nd（hfaa）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（Hind）]（40 nm）/TPBi∶[Nd（hfaa）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（Hind）]（30 nm）/TPBi（10 nm）/AlQ" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（40 nm）/LiF（0.1 nm）/Al（100 nm）的器件（其中TPBi: 1,3,5-三（1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基）苯）。该器件开路电压（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "turn-on" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为8.5 V，最大近红外辐射强度为8 μW/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，在20 V电压下电流密度为220 mA/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。相较于更早前报道的[Nd-（5,7-二氯-8-羟基喹啉）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "][Net" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "]（最大近红外辐射强度为0.2 μW/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "42", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，展示出更为优异的近红外发光性能。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.2.2　Er（Ⅲ）配合物" } ], "level": "4", "id": "s3a2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在近红外光谱区特征发射峰位置在1 530 nm处，对应于Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁。与Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "情况类似，Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "同样有着较低的最低激发态能级，因此β-二酮、8-HQ等也是敏化Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "近红外发光常见有机配体。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2000年，Curry等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以8-HQ为配体成功合成ErQ" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，并以此为发光材料，制备出结构为ITO/TPD/ErQ" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Al的器件，在1 524 nm处表现出明显的近红外特征发射。2018年，Nagata等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "使用ErQ" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作为近红外发光材料，俘获通过单重态激子裂变产生的三重态激子，制备出结构为ITO/TAPC/ErQ" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Rubrene/T2T/BPYTP2/LiQ/Mg∶Ag的器件（其中Rubrene: 红荧烯、TAPC: 4-[1-[4-[二（4-甲基苯基）氨基]苯基]" }, { "name": "text", "data": "环己基]-N-（3-甲基苯基）-N-（4-甲基苯基）苯胺、T2T: 2,4,6-三（1,1'-联苯基）-1,3,5-三嗪、BPYTP2: 5-（7-[2,2′-联吡啶]" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-5-基-2-三苯基）-2,2′-联吡啶），将Er（Ⅲ）配合物近红外电致发光研究推向新高潮。众所周知，激子生成几率（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "EP" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）是电子-空穴对在电场激励下转化为激子的比例，是高性能OLEDs关键参数。" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "EP" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "突破理论极限（" }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "100%）的关键在于单重态裂变，即S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态能量和T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态能量具备以下关系" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（2）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

E (S_{1}) > 2 \times E (T_{1})

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472057&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472055&type=", "width": "29.29466629", "height": "4.57200003", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ErQ" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "吸收光谱和Rubrene发射光谱之间没有光谱重叠，这表明能量从Rubrene的S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态转移到ErQ" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态可以忽略不计。Rubrene的T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态能级低于8-HQ，但接近Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级。因此，单重态裂变产生的三重态激子可通过Dexter能量传递转移到Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。借助单重态裂变敏化剂Rubrene，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "EP" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以突破理论极限，达到100.8%。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.2.3　Yb（Ⅲ）配合物" } ], "level": "4", "id": "s3a2c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "近红外特征发射峰在980 nm左右，对应于" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁。但不同之处在于，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "仅有一个激发态能级" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（10 200 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "），导致Yb（Ⅲ）配合物发光光谱中只有一个金属中心发射带。8-HQ、β-二酮、苯酚衍生物等有机配体可以很好地敏化Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的近红外发光，这使其在近红外发光领域受到了更多关注。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2001年，Khreis" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "首次报道了以8-HQ为配体的YbQ" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "电致发光。制备出结构为ITO/TPD/YbQ" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Al的器件，其在980 nm处表现出明显的近红外特征发射峰。2021年，Tcelykh等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "研究了有机配体卤化对Yb（Ⅲ）配合物性质及对应OLEDs器件稳定性和发光效率的影响。具体而言，以2-卤代苯甲酸盐为原料，通过两步反应合成出2-（甲苯磺酰基氨基）-苄叉-N-（2-卤代苯甲酰基）-腙（H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "L）。选择不同原料可分别获得H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "F" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Cl" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Br" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "及H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "L" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等有机配体。相关测试分析表明，卤化使得YbL（HL）溶解性显著增强，但对YbL（HL）发光性质及HOMO/LUMO能级并无影响。以YbL（HL）为发光材料，制备出一系列结构为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/polyTPD/YbL（HL）/OXD-7/LiF/Al的器件（其中PEDOT：PSS为聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）-聚苯乙烯磺酸、polyTPD∶聚[双（4-苯基）（4丁基苯基）胺、OXD-7：2,2'-（1,3-苯基）二[5-（4-叔丁基苯基）-1,3,4-恶二唑]）。发现卤化作用在采用更高厚度发光层时，会使器件稳定性下降。在系列YbL（HL）中，以YbL" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Br" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（HL" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Br" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为发光材料的OLED器件展现出高电荷迁移率、高溶解度和高量子产率特性，使得对应OLED器件的最高能量转换效率达到了430 μW/W，为目前Yb基有机电致发光器件的最高值。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.3　可见光（VIS）发射" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3a3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在可见光波段（400~770 nm），稀土配合物电致发光材料可谓“群星闪烁”。通常按照跃迁方式加以区分。如Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "属于4f-4f跃迁，Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "属于5d-4f跃迁，La" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Gd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "及Lu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "属于配体跃迁" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。下文将主要针对Eu（Ⅲ）、Tb（Ⅲ）、Ce（Ⅲ）及Eu（Ⅱ）配合物进行总结讨论。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.3.1　Eu（Ⅲ）配合物" } ], "level": "4", "id": "s3a3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "相较于其他稀土配合物，在可见光波段的电致发光中Eu（Ⅲ）配合物研究最为深入、广泛。Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在578，592，613，650，700 nm处均有发射峰，分别对应于" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0，1，2，3，4）跃迁。关于Eu（Ⅲ）配合物的光物理特性及发光性能，Chen" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "49", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R49", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "49" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Xu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "50", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R50", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别于2009年、2015年对其进行了详细讨论。本小节仅介绍Eu（Ⅲ）配合物在OLEDs器件中一些有代表性的工作。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1991年，Kido等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "将Eu（TTFA）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺入聚甲基苯基硅烷作为发光材料制备器件，在高于12 V的电压下获得明显的Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发光，这是关于Eu（Ⅲ）配合物电致发光的首次报道（其中TTFA:2-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮）。2006年，Kido等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "再次报道了 Eu（DBM）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "BPhen的电致发光性能（其中BPhen：4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲罗啉），设计出以TPD为HTL、 Eu（DBM）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "BPhen为EML和ETL、TAZ为EIL的发光器件（其中TAZ：3-（4-联苯基）-4-苯基-5-（4-叔丁基苯基）-1，2，4-三氮唑）。其EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为（7.5±0.5）%，最大功率效率（Maximum power efficiency，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "p,max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为（10±1） lm/W，这是Eu（Ⅲ）配合物电致发光EQE的最高值。采用主-客体掺杂策略，将 Eu（DBM）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "BPhen掺入TPD，可降低发光猝灭，对应发光器件即使在较高电流下也可实现高效电致发光。2022年，Al-Busaidi等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在前人研究的基础上又以4,4,4-三氟-1-苯基-1,3-丁二酮（btfa）、2,2′-联吡啶（bpy）合成出Eu（btfa）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（bpy），并采用主-客体掺杂策略制备出结构为ITO/HAT-CN（23 nm）/TAPC（70 nm）/Eu（btfa）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（bpy）（8%）∶TCTA（10 nm）/ Eu（btfa）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（bpy）（8%）∶26DCzPPy（10 nm）/Tm3PyP26PyB（60 nm）/LiF（1 nm）/Al（200 nm）的双发光层器件（其中HAT-CN：2,3,6,7,10,11-六氰基-1,4,5,8,9,12-六氮杂苯并菲、TCTA:三（4-咔唑-9-基苯基）胺、26DCzPPy:2,6-双[3-（9H-咔唑-9-基）苯基]吡啶、Tm3PyP26PyB:1,3,5-三（6-（3-（吡啶-3-基）苯基）吡啶-2-基）苯）。所得器件的最大亮度（Maximum brightness," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为428 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，最大电流效率（Maximum current efficiency，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c,max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为3.31 cd/A，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "p,max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为3.06 lm/W，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "turn-on" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为3.4 V，EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为2.14%，电流密度为10 mA/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时CIE（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "y" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为（0.619，0.323）。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.3.2　Tb（Ⅲ）配合物" } ], "level": "4", "id": "s3a3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tb（Ⅲ）配合物在可见光波段范围内存在490，550，580，620 nm 4个发射峰，分别对应于" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→ " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " （" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=6，5，4，3）跃迁，其中" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "跃迁发射峰强度最大。激发态" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级位于20 500 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，高于Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "激发态" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级（17 200 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）。1990年，Kido等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以Tb（acac）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为发光材料，首次实现稀土配合物电致发光（其中acac：乙酰丙酮）。2016年，Liu等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "55", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R55", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "55" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "制备了一系列以Tb（PMIP）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为基础的发光器件，通过设计器件结构来优化器件性能。结构为ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1 nm）/TCTA（35 nm）/Tb（PMIP）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶DCPPO（1∶1）（10 nm）/Tb（PMIP）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶DPPOC（1∶1）（10 nm）/3TPYMB（40 nm）/LiF（1 nm）/Al（100 nm）器件的发光性能最佳（其中PMIP：1-苯基-3-甲基-4-异丁基吡唑-5-酮、DCPPO：二（9H-咔唑-9-基-苯基）氧化膦、DPPOC：9-（4-叔丁基苯基）-3，6-双（二苯基氧化膦）咔唑、3TPYMB：三（2,4,6-三甲基-3-（吡啶-3-基）苯基）硼烷）。EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c,max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "p,max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别为15%、57 cd/A、52 lm/W。2021年，Kozlov等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以4-（9H-咔唑-9基）苯甲酸酯（czb）作为配体合成出Tb（czb）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，并制备出结构为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/PolyTPD/Tb（czb）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/TPBi/LiF/Al的器件，其" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为332 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这是以Tb（Ⅲ）配合物为发光材料、采用溶液法制备OLEDs器件中亮度最大的报道之一。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.3.3　Ce（Ⅲ）配合物" } ], "level": "4", "id": "s3a3c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的不同之处在于Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发射属于5d-4f跃迁而非4f-4f跃迁。Ce（Ⅲ）配合物一直被认为是高效、稳定蓝光发射的最佳候选材料之一，然而，对Ce（Ⅲ）配合物电致发光却鲜有报道，截至2019年仅有3例" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "59", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R59", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "59" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R57", "R58", "R59" ], "text": "57-59", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这主要是由于5d-4f跃迁受配位环境影响很大，容易猝灭" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。下面将主要梳理Ce（Ⅲ）配合物电致发光近年来的科研动态，展示其在蓝光OLEDs领域的应用前景。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近年来，北京大学黄春辉院士课题组在Ce（Ⅲ）配合物蓝色有机电致发光方面取得了系列重要成果。2020年，以Ce（CF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "SO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（三氟甲烷磺酸铈）和KTp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Me2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（三（3,5-二甲基-吡唑基）硼氢化钾）合成出新型Ce（Ⅲ）配合物——Ce-1与Ce-2。对于Ce-1" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，采用主-客体掺杂策略制备出结构为ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（2 nm）/CzSi∶MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（20%，30 nm）/CzSi（10 nm）/TSPO1∶CzSi∶Ce-1（0.18%∶0.72%∶0.1%,20 nm）/TSPO1（10 nm）/Bphen（40 nm）/LiF（0.7 nm）/Al（100 nm）的器件（其中CzSi: 9-（4-叔丁基苯基）-3,6-双（三苯基硅基）-9H-咔唑、TSPO1：二苯基[4-（三苯基甲硅烷基）苯基]氧膦）。该器件" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "turn-on" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为3.8 V、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为948 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为12.4%、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c, max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为8.7 cd/A，CIE（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "y" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为（0.146，0.078）。对Ce-2" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的研究则主要围绕器件工作寿命与工作稳定性展开（如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示），分别以Ce-2和经典蓝光材料二（4,6-二氟苯基吡啶-C2,N）吡啶甲酰合铱（FIrpic）为发光材料，制备出结构为ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（2 nm）/mCP∶MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（20%,30 nm）/mCP（10 nm）/mCP:emitter（10%，30 nm）/TmPyPB（40 nm）/LiF（0.7 nm）/Al（100 nm）的器件（其中mCP：1,3-二咔唑-9-基苯、TmPyPB：3,3'-[5'-[3-（3-吡啶基）苯基][1,1',3',1''-三联苯]" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-3,3''-二基]二吡啶）。当发光材料为Ce-2时，对应器件表现出良好的电致发光性能，其" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "turn-on" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为3.8 V、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为102 900 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为15.3%、CIE（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "y" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为（0.180，0.350）。引人注目的是器件具有优异的工作稳定性，基于Ce-2为发光材料所制备器件的工作寿命为10 940 s，而同等条件下基于FIrpic所制备器件的工作寿命仅为158 s，前者约为后者的70倍。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ce-2的合成和分子结构。（a）Ce-2的合成路线；（b）Ce-2的球棍模型，其中紫色表示Ce，绿色表示B，蓝色表示N，红色表示O，灰色表示C；（c）Ce-2的空间填充视图，其中白色为H" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Synthesis and molecular structure of Ce-2. （a）Synthetic routes for Ce-2. （b）A club model of Ce-2， where purple represents Ce， green means B， blue means N， red represents O， and gray represents C. （c）The Ce-2's space-filled view， where white is H" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472059&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472062&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472060&type=", "width": "133.60089111", "height": "93.15409851", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2021年，黄春辉课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "63", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R63", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "63" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "继续在Ce（Ⅲ）配合物蓝色电致发光方面开展深入研究，采用Tp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Me2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为配体，同时引入三种阴离子配体dtfpz（3,5-三氟甲基吡唑）、dmpz（3,5-二甲基吡唑）、dppz（3,5-二苯基吡唑）合成出Ce（Tp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Me2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（dtfpz）、Ce（Tp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Me2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（dmpz）、Ce（Tp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Me2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（dppz） 3种Ce（Ⅲ）配合物，均表现出高达100%的光致发光量子效率（Photoluminescence quantum yield, PLQY）。采用主-客体掺杂策略制备出结构为ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（2 nm）/TAPC（40 nm）/mCP（10 nm）/BCPO∶Ce（Tp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Me2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（dppz）（15%,30 nm）/TmPyPB（40 nm）/LiF（0.7 nm）/Al的器件（其中，BCPO：双-4（N-咔唑基苯基）苯基氧化膦），其" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "turn-on" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为3.2 V、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为29 200 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为12.5%、CIE（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "y" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为（0.190，0.380）。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.3.4　Eu（Ⅱ）配合物" } ], "level": "4", "id": "s3a3d" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "同属5d-4f跃迁，独特的跃迁发光机制使其在高性能OLEDs中拥有巨大的应用潜力。1999年,Shipley等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "64", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R64", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "64" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "首次报道了d-f跃迁稀土配合物的电致发光。以双（三（二甲基吡唑基）硼酸）铕为发光材料，制备出结构为ITO/TPD/Tp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "*" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Eu/TAZ/Al的发光器件。当" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为10 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时，EQE为0.01%。2020年，Liu等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "65", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R65", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "65" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "利用大环配体的空间效应和配位相互作用，成功制备出4种Eu（Ⅱ）配合物——Eu" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-N" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " = Br，I；" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " = 4, 8）。其中EuI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-N" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "表现出接近100%的PLQY、良好的空气/热稳定性和研磨变色性质。以EuI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-N" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为发光材料，制备出以ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（2 nm）/（NPB,50 nm）/（TAPC,10 nm）/EuI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-N" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶（mMTDATA,25 nm）/（TSPO1,10 nm）/（Bphen, 30 nm）/LiF（0.7 nm）/Al为结构的发光器件（其中mMTDATA：4,4',4'-三（N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基）三苯胺）。该器件表现出最佳发光性能，其" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c,max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可达25 470 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、62.4 cd/A和17.7 %。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.4　稀土配合物OLEDs研究新趋势" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3a4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OLEDs器件的研发从1987年开始至今逐步迈向商业化应用，经历了数十年的漫长发展过程。稀土配合物作为理论上优异的OLEDs发光材料之一，迄今为止并没有很好地实现从理论走向应用。其自身的一些问题也限制了它在OLEDs中的应用，比如，稀土离子发光能级寿命相对较长，因而在器件中非辐射过程较多；稀土配合物一般载流子传输性能较差；在器件高电场工作下的稳定性欠佳等等。如何克服这些问题，获得性能优良的稀土配合物OLEDs，一直是相关研究人员的努力方向。除前文介绍的一些代表性工作外，稀土OLEDs在材料和器件设计思路方面也有一些新的趋势，并获得良好的效果，比较有代表性的工作有：稀土敏化电致发光、d-f跃迁型稀土发光材料与器件等。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.4.1　稀土敏化电致发光" } ], "level": "4", "id": "s3a4a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土配合物敏化OLEDs发光概念最早于2015年由Zhou等提出" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。具体而言，将稀土配合物掺入传统的Ir等材料的OLEDs中，可以利用稀土配合物“捕获”多余载流子来平衡EML中载流子的分布，降低由于三重态-极化子猝灭（Triplet-polar quenching，TPQ）而造成的激子猝灭，从而提升发光器件的整体性能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这个思路从器件角度出发，可以很好地发挥稀土“工业维生素”的作用，在OLEDs产业化中展现独特的优势。2017年，Cui等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "68", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R68", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "68" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以Tb（acac）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（Phen-Cl）、Gd（TTA）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（Phen）为敏化剂，敏化PQIr（dpm）电致发光（其中Phen-Cl：3氯‑邻菲罗啉、Phen：邻菲罗啉、PQ：苯基喹啉‑" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "N,C" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2′" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、dpm：二叔戊酰甲烷）。发现掺入0.4%Tb（acac）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（Phen-Cl）的敏化器件具有优异的电致发光性能，其" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c, max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "p，max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别达到145 071 cd/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、64.87 cd/A、69.11 lm/W和24.7%。同时，即使在实际亮度为1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（4.0 V）时，EQE和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "也分别可高达22.7%和59.7 cd/A。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.4.2　d‑f跃迁电致发光" } ], "level": "4", "id": "s3a4b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土离子不仅存在f-f跃迁发光，也存在d-f跃迁发光。Ce（Ⅲ）、Eu（Ⅱ）、Yb（Ⅱ）、Sm（Ⅱ）配合物均以d-f跃迁发光。相较于f-f跃迁，d-f具有发射光谱可调、宇称允许、消光系数高、激发态寿命短等特点" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "69", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R69", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "69" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这方面的工作尤以北京大学黄春辉院士团队为代表，他们以稀土配合物作发光材料，实现了高效、高亮、高稳的OLEDs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "63", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R63", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "63" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R61", "R62", "R63" ], "text": "61-63", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。除前文介绍的Ce（Ⅲ）配合物等工作外，2020年，Liu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "70", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R70", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报道了两个全新Eu（Ⅱ）配合物，分别是以三（3-三氟甲基吡唑基）硼酸氢钠（NaTp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CF3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）和三（3-甲基吡唑基）硼酸氢钾（KTp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CH3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为配体的Eu-1和Eu-2。值得关注的是，以Eu-2为发光材料，制备出以ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（2 nm）/NPB（40 nm）/Eu-2∶NPB（10%,20 nm）/（TPBi, 40 nm）/LiF（0.7 nm）/Al（100 nm）为结构的橙光发光器件，EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别为6.5%和 30 620 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。当然，该领域研究目前仍面临一些亟待解决的科学问题，如配体种类相对单一、近紫外、红外区电致发光研究探索相对不足等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "71", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R71", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "71" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，这也是未来相关领域的重要研究方向。" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2　稀土配合物用作荧光探针" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土配合物因其发光寿命长、生物毒性低、生物相容性好、Stokes位移较大及可与时间分辨测定技术相结合等优势，近年来在生物成像、离子检测、荧光探针等领域得到广泛研究" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "72", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R72", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "72" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2.1　稀土配合物荧光探针设计原理及类型" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3b1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土配合物作为荧光探针，主要属于下转换发光，这是一种Stokes过程，即配体通过“天线效应”吸收高能光子，再通过电荷转移等能量传递方式将能量传递给" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通过辐射跃迁释放出能量相对较低的光子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "73", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R73", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "73" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。目前，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、有机配体、天线效应及配位模式是设计稀土配合物荧光探针时需要考虑的关键因素。围绕这四个关键因素，研究人员开发出四种稀土配合物荧光探针" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，即：（1）识别基团不参与稀土配合物配位，但与螯合配体相连；（2）识别基团参与稀土配合物配位，同时与螯合配体相连；（3）识别基团参与稀土配合物配位，但与螯合配体相断开；（4）螯合配体与稀土配合物不饱和配位，溶剂分子参与配位。本部分将主要总结稀土配合物荧光探针近几年在生物成像、离子检测等领域的研究进展。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2.2　可用于生物成像稀土配合物荧光探针" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3b2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1979年，Soini和Hemmilä" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "首次报道了" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发光在生物成像中的应用，这可被视为稀土元素在生物成像领域研究的开端。2009—2010年，Bünzli等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "76", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R76", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "76" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "77", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R77", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "77" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R76", "R77" ], "text": "76-77", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在推动镧系化合物在生物成像领域的研究方面做出了巨大贡献。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2019年，北京大学张俊龙课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在Yb（Ⅲ）配合物生物成像荧光探针方面做出了创新性工作。基于Yb（Ⅲ）配合物设计出一种可用于小动物血管系统、淋巴结成像的高分辨率荧光探针，其穿透能力较强（" }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "3 mm），QY约为10%，可以通过肝、胆和肾脏系统从体内清除。值得关注的是，这种Yb（Ⅲ）配合物可进行荧光引导前哨淋巴结手术，展示了稀土配合物作为荧光探针在生物成像和外科手术中的应用前景。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "同年，张俊龙等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "又设计了一种Yb（Ⅲ）卟啉配合物，其具有宽范围pH敏感特性，可用作生物检测探针。在较低pH值（1.0~5.0）条件下" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "约为135~170 μs，通过Yb（Ⅲ）卟啉配合物近红外" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "及发光强度（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）来反映模型小鼠体内各组织器官的pH变化。该探针能够监测模型小鼠体内胃肠道pH值，实现定量、动态监测细胞实时pH变化。这项研究表明光功能稀土配合物τ在生物临床应用的重要性，为活体成像研究开辟了新思路。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Yb（Ⅲ）卟啉配合物从胃到肠的代谢过程示意图；（b）Yb（Ⅲ）卟啉配合物近红外荧光强度成像（曝光时间，25 ms）；（c）荧光寿命显微成像技术（FLIM）图像（曝光时间250 ms）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Schematic diagram of the metabolic process of Yb（Ⅲ） porphyrin complexes from stomach to intestine. （b）Near-infrared fluorescence intensity imaging of Yb（Ⅲ） porphyrin complexes（exposure time， 25 ms）. （c）Fluorescence lifetime microimaging （FLIM） image（exposure time 250 ms）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " ［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472064&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472068&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=36472066&type=", "width": "137.50323486", "height": "105.54434204", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2021年，兰州大学唐瑜课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "80", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R80", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "80" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报道了一种新的两亲性Eu（Ⅲ）配合物，并以此为构筑基元自组装出一种具有自组装诱导发光（SAIL）特性的Eu（Ⅲ）配合物纳米粒子（Eu-NPs），实现了其尺寸可控调制。通过调整配体分子极性可将稀土配合物从有机相转变为水相，进而将Eu（Ⅲ）配合物组装成具有良好水分散性的纳米颗粒，其" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与PLQY表现出随溶剂不同而明显变化的特征。值得关注的是，与传统线粒体红色荧光探针Mito-tracker red相比，Eu-NPs荧光与其红色荧光重叠率" }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "98%（皮尔逊相关系数" }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "90%），具有优异的线粒体荧光成像定位能力。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2.3　可用于离子检测稀土配合物荧光探针" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3b3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "除生物成像领域，近年来稀土配合物荧光探针在离子检测领域的应用也备受关注。2020年，Liu等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "设计出系列稀土配合物[" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（Phen）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（NO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=Eu,Tb]。相关测试表明，Eu（Phen）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（NO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的CIE（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "y" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为（0.664 7，0.335 1），" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为0.981 ms。在348 nm光源的激发下，其QY高达90%。对于 Tb（Phen）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（NO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其CIE（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "y" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为（0.260 9，0.498 5）、 " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为0.556 ms。在293 nm光源激发下，其QY为17%。值得关注的是，Tb（Phen）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（NO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作为荧光探针表现出对Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸（5-HIAA，一种癌症标志物）的高选择性，尤其是对5-HIAA的特异性检测表现出极高的抗干扰性。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2020年，Breen等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "82", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R82", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "82" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对一种在体内形成的强效且短寿命氧化剂——过氧亚硝酸盐（ONOO" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）展开研究，设计出一种水溶性Eu（Ⅲ）配合物作为荧光探针，用于检测人血清和活细胞中的ONOO" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。该探针对ONOO" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "表现出高灵敏度和高选择性，可实现宽范围、纳摩尔级别（1~1 000 nmol/L）的ONOO" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "检测。在" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "λ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ex" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为321 nm时，QY达到10%，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为0.52，0.66 ms（分别对应于在H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O、D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O中）。可提供长寿命荧光信号，允许对ONOO" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "进行时间分辨（TGL）测量，从而完全消除生物样品中背景自发荧光的影响。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2021年，Karmakar等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "83", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R83", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "83" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为配位中心设计了系列1D多孔配位聚合物（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-PCPs）{[" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（L）‑ （DMF）（H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O）]·1.5H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O}" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " = Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+ " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "1, Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 2, Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 3, Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 4, Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 5]。具体而言，是以一种" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对称结构蓝色发光有机物4,4′,4″-[1,3,5-苯基-三（甲氧基）]-三苯甲酸（H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "L）为配体与" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "组装而成。1D多孔结构通过非共价相互作用组装成3D超分子结构，还合成了一系列双核{[Tb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Eu" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（L）（DMF）‑ （H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O）]·1.5H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O}" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "PCPs。通过调整Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学计量比，对应PCP不仅呈现出多种发光颜色（粉红色和橙色），而且还实现了明亮的白光发射。Yb（Ⅲ）、Nd（Ⅲ）和Er（Ⅲ）对应PCP显示出NIR发射。此外，Eu（Ⅲ）PCP具有良好的结晶性，可作为荧光探针快速有效地检测痕量Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，这是通过Eu（Ⅲ）PCP的选择性光致发光猝灭实现的，检测下限低至（0.69 ± 0.02）×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。Eu（Ⅲ）PCP内—O—基团为Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "潜在结合位点，从而导致了Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "选择性结合。引人注目的是，Eu（Ⅲ）PCP的选择性光致发光猝灭可以通过引入螯合剂（例如EDTA）来实现可逆还原，同时保证Eu（Ⅲ）PCP晶体结构不被破坏。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2.4　稀土配合物荧光探针前沿" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3b4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "综上所述，稀土配合物荧光探针因其优异的光物理性质在生物成像及离子检测等方面的研究受到广泛关注。但为进一步发掘稀土配合物荧光探针的应用潜力，研究人员正朝着高灵敏度、高选择性、高通量分析及高集成、自动化等方向而努力" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "84", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R84", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "84" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。尽管通过精细的合成路径" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "80", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R80", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "80" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与巧妙的结构设计" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，一些性能优异的稀土配合物荧光探针已经见诸报道，但该领域研究仍面临以下亟待解决的科学问题：" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（1）目前所研究开发的稀土配合物荧光探针大部分仅满足单一或两个目标分析物的检测" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "85", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R85", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "85" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，限制了其在生物传感等领域的应用。因此，应着力开发能够同时检测多个目标分析物的稀土配合物荧光探针系统，实现其在相关领域的高通量分析。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（2）配体到" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的能量传递在发光过程中起到至关重要的作用，因此对能量传递的调制是设计高性能稀土配合物荧光探针的重要环节。优良的荧光探针当其与目标分析物反应时，配体到" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的能量传递应该是灵敏地和选择性地响应（如荧光显著增强或荧光猝灭），这也是高灵敏性与高选择性的来源" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（3）未来在商业化应用中，为满足检测场景多变性、检测环境复杂性、提高检测目标分析物效率等需求，以稀土配合物作为荧光探针的检测系统也将面临高自动、集成化的挑战" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "84", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R84", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "84" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "针对上述亟待解决的科学问题，研究人员在荧光探针领域也在积极探索新策略。在高通量分析方面，通过长寿命荧光探针与时间分辨光谱（TESR）相结合，建立能够克服背景荧光干扰的高通量检测系统是一种较为可行的策略" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "86", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R86", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "86" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在高灵敏性与高选择性方面，通过对目标分析物物化性质的精细调控及荧光探针新发光机理设计，具有高灵敏性、高选择性的荧光探针近年来也被陆续报道" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "87", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R87", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "87" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "88", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R88", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "88" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R87", "R88" ], "text": "87-88", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在高集成、自动化方面，荧光探针可与微流控技术相结合，进一步推动该方向发展" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "89", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R89", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "89" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。总之，稀土配合物荧光探针在广泛应用领域中发挥重要作用，预期越来越多性能优异的稀土配合物荧光探针将会被开发并应用。" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　结论与展望" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文总结了近年来光功能稀土配合物的研究进展，从稀土配合物光物理性质出发，进一步延伸至新型光功能稀土配合物在OLEDs、荧光探针等领域的应用，详细讨论其最新科研进展与前沿展望。在OLEDs领域，除设计制备新型的适合器件要求的4f-4f跃迁发光稀土配合物外，以Ce（Ⅲ）、Eu（Ⅱ）配合物为代表的5d-4f跃迁发光稀土配合物也不断受到关注和深入研究。材料的纯化、器件工艺的开发和优化依然是相关研究的一个重点，高纯光功能稀土配合物也可用于激光材料，进一步拓宽其应用范围；而在荧光探针领域，则应注重高灵敏性与高选择性。相信经过不断深入的研究，稀土配合物在相关领域存在的一些问题能够得到解决，从而在实际中真正实现应用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址：" }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20220221." } ], "href": "http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20220221." } } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", 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