Progress of Zinc Sulfide Electroluminescent Materials in Intelligent Wearable Field

Su-wen GUO; Wei-feng YANG; Yun-hao HU; Yan ZHENG; Jin-shui ZHOU

doi:10.37188/CJL.20220027

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Progress of Zinc Sulfide Electroluminescent Materials in Intelligent Wearable Field

Luminescence Industry and Technology Frontier | Updated：2022-05-23

- Progress of Zinc Sulfide Electroluminescent Materials in Intelligent Wearable Field Enhanced Publication
- Chinese Journal of Luminescence Vol.43, Issue 5, (2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  Shanghai Dongzhou Industrial Co., Ltd.,Shanghai,China,201619;State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Material, Donghua University,Shanghai,China,201620;Shanghai Kerune Phosphor Technology Co., Ltd.,Shanghai,China,201100
- Author bio：
- Funds：
  
  Shanghai Industrial Collaborative Innovation Project(2021-cyxt1-kj36);Shanghai Science and technology enterprise innovation fund(1603H1C1800)
- DOI：10.37188/CJL.20220027 CLC： O482.31
- Published：2022-05，
  
  Received：21 January 2022，
  
  Revised：07 February 2022，
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Cite this article
Su-wen GUO, Wei-feng YANG, Yun-hao HU, et al. Progress of Zinc Sulfide Electroluminescent Materials in Intelligent Wearable Field. [J]. Chinese Journal of Luminescence 43(5):796-806(2022)
DOI：

Su-wen GUO, Wei-feng YANG, Yun-hao HU, et al. Progress of Zinc Sulfide Electroluminescent Materials in Intelligent Wearable Field. [J]. Chinese Journal of Luminescence 43(5):796-806(2022) DOI： 10.37188/CJL.20220027.

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Electroluminescent devices based on zinc sulfide materials have received extensive research and attention in the field of intelligent wearables due to their advantages of long life and simple structure of luminescent components. In this paper, the research progress of zinc sulfide electroluminescent materials in the field of smart wearables is summarized, and the luminescence mechanism, research hotspots and future applications of zinc sulfide electroluminescent materials are mainly introduced, in order to play a beneficial enlightenment and guidance role in the field of smart wearables." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "电致发光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "柔性" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "可拉伸性" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "智能可穿戴" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "electroluminescence" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "flexibility" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "extensibility" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "smart wearables" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "“电致发光”现象是1923年Lossew最早在研究SiC检波器时发现的。1936年，物理学家Destriau发现含微量铜杂质的悬浮介质在交流电场下能发出可见光，因而这种发光现象也被称为Dessriau效应。由于当时透明导电的氧化铟锡技术尚未成熟，导致随后二十年的研究进展十分缓慢" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。直到1952年，Sylvania电器公司在MIT固体会议上展示了首块电致发光荧光屏" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在国内，北京物理所、长春物理所最早对这一领域进行研究，围绕发光亮度、稳定性、多色彩等方面取得了系列进展" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于人体可穿戴器件来说，往往需要承受大尺度的复杂三维形变" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；而要实现硫化锌电致发光器件的可拉伸性，需保证多层材料中的每一层均有可拉伸性，且拉伸比需相互匹配。其中，透明可拉伸电极作为透光层是目前的研究难点和热点。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "传统电子系统在频繁操作过程中会发生疲劳、腐蚀或损坏，并随时间的推移而退化，从而导致电子设备故障。硫化锌电致发光器件已被广泛集成到柔性多功能电子系统中，起到了至关重要的发光部件的作用。这种发光器件的寿命和力学稳定性常常伴随着局部损坏而受到严重限制。此外，由于电致发光器件高频高压的驱动电源特性，当发光器件所受的应变超过机械承受极限时，容易导致局部电场过大使发光器件发生击穿而损坏" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "硫化锌电致发光材料器件的制备与现有柔性电子器件通用的制备手段，如丝网印刷、喷墨打印等工艺相匹配，在电子皮肤领域成为了研究热点" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R6", "R7", "R8" ], "text": "6-8", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。作为柔性显示器件，像素分辨率、防水及其微电路制造工艺是目前的难点。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "硫化锌电致发光器件工作原理" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "以Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂ZnS的电致发光粉为例，其发光原理为：通过对硫化锌晶体进行金属离子掺杂，可以实现对ZnS材料引入缺陷，进而形成浅层的缺陷能带，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。当对硫化锌电致发光粉施加交流电压时，电子在外加电场的作用下被加速成为过热电子；随后撞击ZnS∶Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的发光中心使其激发或离化；而后发光中心的电子在退激发或者复合过程中会产生光。发光中心的的结构决定了发射光谱的形成，ZnS∶Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的电致发光粉末具有两个发光中心，即绿色发光中心(处于Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的t" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态)和蓝色发光中心(处于Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的e态)，所以其发光颜色是两种发光中心共同作用的结果。蓝色发光中心比绿色发光中心更接近价带，因此蓝色发光中心的空穴更容易在电场作用下电离，即蓝色发光中心的空穴寿命比绿色发光中心更短。因此，在低频电场作用下，ZnS∶Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "电致发光粉以绿色为主；而在高频电场作用下，主要显示为蓝色" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R9", "R10", "R11", "R12" ], "text": "9-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂ZnS的电致发光粉工作原理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R9", "R10", "R11", "R12" ], "text": "9-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Working principle of Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " doped ZnS electroluminescent powder" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R9", "R10", "R11", "R12" ], "text": "9-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020215&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020227&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020218&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "通常意义而言，硫化锌电致发光器件分为5层结构，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，从上到下依次为背面电极、介电层、发光层、透明电极及透明基板。其中，交流电压施加于背面电极和透明电极之间，介质层为高介电常数材料，如钛酸钡，主要用于调节发光层和介电层的交变电场分布、增强电致发光亮度，防止局部雪崩击穿，增加发光均匀性。透明电极和透明极板通常为氧化铟锡-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(ITO-PET)薄膜，使发光层通过透明层得以辐射" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R13", "R14", "R15", "R16" ], "text": "13-16", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在实际应用领域，为实现硫化锌电致发光器件的新型应用，往往对器件的形态进行重新设计，如电致发光纤维等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R17", "R18" ], "text": "17-18", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "无机交流电致发光器件(EL)基本结构" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Basic structure of inorganic AC electroluminescent devices" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020230&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020243&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020232&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "EL器件在可穿戴领域研究热点" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近年来，伴随着柔性电子产业的快速发展，发光显示成为可穿戴集成器件中必不可少的组成部分。硫化锌电致发光材料由于其结构简单、发光稳定、颜色可调等优点，在柔性可穿戴领域展现了其独特的应用，成为近年来的研究热点，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "。基于硫化锌电致发光材料的柔性可穿戴器件的研究方向主要包括提高光电器件的柔性及可拉伸性(Stretchability)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R19", "R20" ], "text": "19-20", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、赋予电极材料及介质材料的自愈性(Self-healing)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R21", "R22" ], "text": "21-22", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、拓展电致发光器件的颜色多样性及不同色彩间的切换(Multi-color)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。目前这种硫化锌基的电致发光材料主要应用于新型发光电子皮肤(Electronic skin)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R24", "R25" ], "text": "24-25", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、电子纺织品(Electronic textile)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R26", "R27" ], "text": "26-27", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及软体机器人(Soft robot)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R28", "R29" ], "text": "28-29", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "硫化锌电致发光材料在智能可穿戴领域的研究热点及未来应用。主要包括基础研究方向：电致发光器件的可拉伸性、自愈合性及多色彩转变特性等。应用领域：电子皮肤" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R24", "R25" ], "text": "24-25", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、电子纺织品" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R26", "R27" ], "text": "26-27", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、软体机器人" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R28", "R29" ], "text": "28-29", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Research hotspots and future applications of ZnS electroluminescent materials in smart wearable field. It's research interests include stretchability, self-healing and multi-color transformation properties of electroluminescent devices, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "etc" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". Application interests: electronic skin" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R24", "R25" ], "text": "24-25", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", electronics textile" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R26", "R27" ], "text": "26-27", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", soft robot" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R28", "R29" ], "text": "28-29", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "etc" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020236&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020251&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020247&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "可拉伸性" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于硫化锌电致发光器件来说，除了柔性之外，其良好的可拉伸性也显得尤为重要。与需要克服拉伸性、机械稳定性和透明性难点的电子导电弹性体相比，本征可拉伸的离子导电弹性体可以很容易地与固体聚合物基体结合，并产生非凡的机械性能和透明度。因此，采用离子导电弹性体替代传统的电子导电体是目前解决电致发光器件可拉伸性的可行方案" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2016年，新加坡南洋理工大学Lee教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "开发了一种基于离子导电的超可拉伸的电致发光器件。他们以高氯酸锂(LiClO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")作为导电离子，将其与高分子碳酸丙烯酯(PC)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合，制备出一种具有可拉伸的透明离子导电薄膜(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。同时硫化锌电致发光粉体与Eco-flex弹性体复合，以构成本征可拉伸发光层。这种多层的柔性电致发光器件能承受来自不同方向的应变并保持稳定的发光强度(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(c)、(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(c)、(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，其拉伸应变高达700%，完全能适应人体多种复杂的机械运动。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "面向柔性可穿戴器件的高可拉伸电致发光器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)高透明离子导电弹性体原料及制备过程；(b)可拉伸电致发光器件在不用应变下的电阻变化率；(c)可拉伸电致发光器件在对角与单向拉伸示意图；(d)可拉伸电致发光器件的图案化及不用应变下的发光稳定性。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Highly stretchable electroluminescent device for flexible wearable devices" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)The raw material and preparation process of the highly transparent ionically conductive elastomer. (b)Rate of resistance change of the stretchable EL device under no strain. (c)Schematic diagram of the stretchable electroluminescent device in diagonal and unidirectional stretching. (d)Patterning of stretchable electroluminescent devices and luminescence stability without strain." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020259&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020263&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020271&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "自愈合性" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近年来，自修复化学作为一种极具前景的方法，被广泛用于构建机械稳定且自我修复的柔性电子材料设计中。下面将介绍自愈合电致发光器件的研究进展。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2018年，中国香港城市大学支春义教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "首次报道了一种全层可修复的硫化锌电致发光器件(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)、(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)、(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。他们采用改性自修复聚丙烯酸凝胶作为电极，自修复聚氨酯作为荧光主体，每个功能化层的物理化学性质在遭受重大灾难性损害后可以有效地恢复。结果显示，自愈EL器件的发光性能恢复良好，愈合效率高(非固定点10个愈合周期为83.2%，固定点20个愈合周期为57.7%)。此外，还开发了设备间修复，以在发光设备的级别上实现概念性的“乐高”式组装过程。即使在经历了致命的切割后，自愈合的EL器件也可以实现恢复其性能并延长其使用寿命。2019年，韩国延世大学材料学院Park教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "开发了一种形状可变形和自我修复的EL显示器(SSELD)(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。他们将一定量的增塑剂 Triton X-100 添加到含有发光Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的ZnS微粒的弹性聚氨基甲酸酯中，以获得易于变形和恢复的粘弹性复合材料。电容式的SSELD在交流电 (AC) 下表现出频率相关的场致发光。通过机械混合具有不同EL特性的两个或多个Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂ZnS微粒，可以方便地实现EL的颜色混合和调谐。更重要的是，SSELD会在电气故障后几分钟内自行恢复其电致发光性能，这种器件可以承受超过100次故障-恢复的操作循环。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "面向柔性可穿戴器件的自愈合电致发光器件。(a)~(b)自修复聚丙烯酸凝胶基电致发光器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(c)自修复聚氨基甲酸酯基电致发光器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(d)~(e)离子液体-氟弹性体自修复电致发光器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Self-healing electroluminescent device for flexible wearable devices. (a)-(b)Self-healing polyacrylic gel-based electroluminescent device" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (c)Self-healing polyurethane-based electroluminescent device" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (d)-(e)Ionic liquid-fluoroelastomer self-healing electroluminescent device" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020276&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020281&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020278&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2020年，新加坡国立大学Tee教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "开发了一种用于低电场驱动的透明自愈、高介电常数的可伸缩电致发光器件，这种新型的自愈合光电器件在可穿戴电子、人机界面和软体机器人等领域具有重要的应用价值(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(d)、(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(d)、(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。该团队引入氟弹性体-离子液体的聚合物复合介电材料，这种材料具有良好的透明度、可拉伸性及高介电常数。这种基于氟弹性体-离子液体的电致发光器件在23 V的交流电压和低于1 kHz的频率下开启，这是人机交互的安全操作条件。同时，该器件在2.5 V·μm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "下实现了1 460 cd·m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 的亮度，稳定照明的同时表现出最大800%的应变。这种材料在被刺穿或被切断时也能通过机械和电子手段自我修复。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "多色彩转变" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "EL器件的颜色多样性和动态可调性对于显示和通信的应用至关重要。就像许多具有自我照明能力的深海鱼类(如中远洋乌贼)可以通过改变生物发光颜色来发出光信号，以伪装、保护、捕食或通信" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。虽然已经有人尝试通过调节材料的组成或引入颜色转换层来实现多色发射，但生物激发电子学中常用的ACEL器件还没有获得动态变色的能力。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2021年，复旦大学彭慧胜教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "首次提出通过改变电场来实现发射颜色的实时调谐。基于电场在不同介电常数介质中的分布差异，设计了介质分辨双叠加的发射层(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。他们构筑了一层具有低介电常数介质的ZnS∶Mn/SBS橙色复合发射层，另一层是具有高介电常数的ZnS∶Cu/CR蓝色复合发射层。在低电场下，首先激发橙色的发射层，随着电场的逐渐增加，蓝色的发射层逐渐被激活，它的颜色可以很容易地从橙色到白色再到蓝色。此外，通过调节驱动频率可以有效地扩大调色范围。这种颜色可调设备显示出了极佳的灵活性和鲁棒性，可以设计成任何图案用于伪装和通信。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "面向柔性可穿戴器件的多色彩转变电致发光器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(a)~(c)多色转变电致发光器件的结构及形貌示意图；(d)不同电场强度下，电致发光器件的颜色转变可见光光谱；(e)图案化发光转变的柔性器件。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Multi-color transition electroluminescent device for flexible wearable devices" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (a)-(c)Schematic diagrams of the structure and morphology of the multicolor transition electroluminescent device.(d)Visible light spectrum of the color transition of the electroluminescent device under different electric field strengths.(e)Patterned luminescence transition flexible device." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020288&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020295&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020298&type=" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "EL器件在可穿戴领域的应用" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "电子皮肤" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s4a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于二维柔性薄膜显示器件来说，往往可以通过丝网印刷及喷墨打印技术来实现微纳电路的设计，其精度可达50 μm。2019年，南京大学材料学院孔德胜教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "开发了极性弹性体-陶瓷纳米粒子的复合打印浆料。由于极性弹性体-陶瓷纳米复合材料表现出高介电常数、高可拉伸性以及良好的溶液加工特性，基于介电纳米复合材料制备的可拉伸EL器件能实现在10~35 V的低电压驱动。他们设计的四位数、七段显示器的发光显示电子皮肤具有出色的变形能力，可与人体进行亲密和适形的互动，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(a)、(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(a)、(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。2020年，西安交通大学丁书江教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "基于离子液体-自愈合高分复合电极开发了一种耐低温的发光电子皮肤(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(c)、(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(c)、(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。这种新型的电子皮肤能在水下保持出色的拉伸性且发光亮度不降低，为未来水下及抗冻电子皮肤器件的开发提出了一种新策略。2019年，Park教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "基于硫化锌电致发光材料开发了一种高空间分辨的发光电子皮肤。他们提出以手指作为接地电极，并以柔性透明导电电极作为另一电极，从而实现了高分辨的发光指纹显示，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这种光学电子皮肤无需在柔性电极表面集成大量的晶体管及传感器即可实现高分辨的指纹识别，制备工艺简单，具有良好的应用前景。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "硫化锌电致发光材料应用于电子皮肤。(a)~(b)用于表皮交流电致发光可拉伸显示器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "; (c)~(d)用于水下及低温环境工作的发光电子皮肤" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(e)用于高分辨指纹识别的电子皮肤" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZnS electroluminescent material for electronic skin. (a)-(b)For epidermal alternating current electroluminescent stretchable displays" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (c)-(d)Luminescent electronic skin for underwater work" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (e)Electronic skin for high-resolution fingerprint recognition" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020313&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020307&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020317&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "电子纺织品" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s4b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "与电子皮肤的二维薄膜形态相比，纤维编织的智能服装在可穿戴性和适应性方面具有显著优势。其具有出色的透气性和透湿性，能够适应人体各种不规则的3D变形，提供高电子精度的沉浸式交互体验" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，智能服装作为理想的可穿戴集成平台，成为新的关注焦点。对于硫化锌基电致发光纺织品来说，如何在受限的一位纤维形态中构筑复杂的多层结构且维持纤维器件的柔性及可拉伸性是当前该领域面对的主要问题" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于电致发光的织物电子显示器件来说，目前常用的制备思路有两种。一种是在现有二维导电织物的基础上，印刷电致发光层和介质增强层，并根据导电织物的多孔特点，光源透过多孔导电织物以实现织物显示的目的。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(a)~(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(a)~(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，加拿大温莎大学Carmichael教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "开发了一种可拉伸超薄织物作为半透明电极，用于具有显示图案可变的可穿戴发光电子纺织品。他们以针织型导电织物作为基底，采用丝网印刷在其表面刮涂硫化锌电致发光层，随后在其表面覆盖图案化的半透明电极作为显示层。他们提出以图案化电极的方式来实现信息的发光显示。此外，另一种电致发光织物的显示器件的思路是从单根纤维出发，将发光电极与硫化锌电致发光材料制备成纤维状，通过刺绣的方式以实现图案化显示，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(f)、(g)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(f)、(g)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。2018年，复旦大学彭慧胜教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出采用湿法纺丝的工艺，以两层离子导电的凝胶作为可拉伸电极层，发光层为硫化锌电致发光材料与水凝胶的复合材料。他们制备的电致发光纱线具有良好的拉伸性与电致发光强度，并展望了其在脑机接口等领域的应用。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "硫化锌电致发光材料应用于电子纺织品。(a)~(c)具有可变显示图案的可穿戴发光电子纺织品" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(d)~(f) 可拉伸电致发光纤维" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(g)~(i)集成功能系统的大面积织物显示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZnS electroluminescent materials applied to electronic textiles. (a)-(c)Wearable luminescent electronic textiles with variable display patterns" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (d)-(f)Stretchable electroluminescent fibers" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (g)-(i)Large-area fabric display of integrated functional systems" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020309&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020331&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020328&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "以上两种方案分别从二维的导电织物和一维的纱线出发，成功制备出具有良好电致发光性能的纺织品，并实现了图案化的功能。但是，仍未实现织物显示图案的实时切换功能，其本质原因在于发光纱线与织物无法实现单像素的独立显示。在此基础上，2021年，复旦大学彭慧胜教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "从一维纱线的角度出发，提出将电致发光纱线的两个电极分离，分别作为经纱和纬纱。他们首先制备了具有发光涂层的单电极发光纱线作为编织物的经纱，再以透明导电的纬纱作为电致发光的另一极。通过调控经纱和纬纱的电压，可成功实现在经纬纱交织处单个像素点的发光显示，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(h)~(i)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(h)~(i)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。这种硫化锌电致发光显示方案在未来可穿戴电子与智能服装领域具有广阔的应用前景。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "软体机器人" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s4c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "生物系统往往拥有多种视觉展示和伪装策略。例如，章鱼等头足类动物具有可拉伸的皮肤和颜色调节器官，可以通过改变皮肤颜色和纹理来模仿它们的环境。软体机器人仿生设计和可拉伸电子设备的最新发展揭示了使我们能够综合设计头足类皮肤的某些功能的策略" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。例如，充满液体染料的微流体网络已被用作软体移动机器人的主动伪装和显示器，使它们能够通过颜色、纹理和发光来改变外观。自适应光电伪装系统已被用于模拟头足类皮肤的视觉外观。硫化锌类电致发光材料可在交流电下通过本征异质结内的激发发光。且这种材料与水凝胶、Eco-flex等软体机器人常用的弹性体材料具有良好的相容性。因此，这种材料被广泛用于软体机器人的开发中" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "硫化锌电致发光材料应用于软体机器人。(a)~(c)用于光学信号和触觉传感的高度可拉伸电致发光软体机器人" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(d)~(e)基于3D打印的电致发光软体机器人" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZnS electroluminescent material applied to soft robot. (a)-(c)Highly stretchable electroluminescent soft robots for optical signaling and tactile sensing" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (d)-(e)3D printing-based electroluminescent soft robots" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020326&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020346&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=28020344&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2016年，美国康奈尔大学Shepherd教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "开发了一种协同光学信号和触觉传感的高度可拉伸电致发光皮肤用于软体机器人中。该团队采用聚丙烯酰胺-氯化锂(PAM-LiCl)水凝胶作为可拉伸电极，Eco-flex作为可拉伸保护层。这种凝胶电极与本征弹性体的复合策略赋予了电致发光器件高达400%的拉伸应变。此外，他们还将这种高可拉伸性的电致发光薄膜与气动软体机器人结合，实现了软体机器人在运动的同时辐射可见光，从而实现了类章鱼的视觉交互功能。2020年，新加坡国立大学Tee教授团队" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以高介电常数的氟弹性体作为电致发光介质，采用3D方式，将电致发光器件嵌入到能够接收光学反馈的软体机器人夹具中，嵌入式的电致发光器件充当灵活的光源。与集成到夹具底座的光学传感器一起，用于在黑暗环境中感应物体的接近。同时，软体机器人抓手还采用现有的电子设备进行无线供电。这种基于无线供电的光电器件对新兴的弹性无绳软体机器人十分有用。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "总结和展望" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "硫化锌电致发光材料作为一种传统的光电材料，在新型柔性电子的浪潮中重新引发了新一轮研究热点，受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注。随着科学研究的不断深入，可拉伸电致发光器件在可拉伸显示、照明和生物医疗等领域展现出了巨大的应用潜力，因此受到了广泛关注并取得了快速发展。与传统电子器件相比，可拉伸电子器件突破刚性硅基底的限制，可以在拉伸、压缩、弯曲等状态下保持正常功能运行。然而，当前基于交流电致发光的可拉伸器件发光层介电常数较低，需要较高的驱动电压才能达到足够的亮度。硫化锌交流电致发光器件的发光效率不高，与目前主流的OLED等有机电致发光相比还有差距；另外，由于器件制备工艺的限制，当前可拉伸发光显示仅能实现简单的图案显示。针对交流电致发光器件，高介电材料可有效增强电致发光颗粒处的激发电场，提高器件的发光亮度。基于以上原因，硫化锌基电致发光材料在柔性电子的产业化方向仍需不断努力探索。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址：http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20220027." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献：" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "管世振" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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