稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶的光学性质和应用 增强出版

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶的光学性质和应用" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Rare Earth Ion Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "胡", "givenname": "强", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "HU", "givenname": "Qiang", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "胡强(1997-)，男，黑龙江鹤岗人，硕士研究生，2019年于吉林大学获得学士学位，主要从事钙钛矿纳米晶发光二极管的研究。E-mail: huqiang19@mails.jlu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777019&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777024&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777029&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "胡强" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1997-)，男，黑龙江鹤岗人，硕士研究生，2019年于吉林大学获得学士学位，主要从事钙钛矿纳米晶发光二极管的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "huqiang19@mails.jlu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "huqiang19@mails.jlu.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "白", "givenname": "雪", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "BAI", "givenname": "Xue", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "zh", "text": "*E-mail: baix@jlu.edu.cn;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "*E-mail: baix@jlu.edu.cn;" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "白雪(1981-)，女，吉林长春人，博士，教授，博士生导师，2008年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事纳米光电材料与器件的研究。E-mail: baix@jlu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777032&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777037&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777041&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "白雪" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1981-)，女，吉林长春人，博士，教授，博士生导师，2008年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事纳米光电材料与器件的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "baix@jlu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "baix@jlu.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "宋", "givenname": "宏伟", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "SONG", "givenname": "Hong-wei", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor2", "lang": "zh", "text": "songhw@jlu.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "songhw@jlu.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "宋宏伟(1967-)，男，黑龙江阿城人，博士，教授，博士生导师，1996年于中国科学院长春物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事稀土离子光谱物理、光电子学及其应用的研究。E-mail: songhw@jlu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777046&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777052&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777057&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "宋宏伟" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1967-)，男，黑龙江阿城人，博士，教授，博士生导师，1996年于中国科学院长春物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事稀土离子光谱物理、光电子学及其应用的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "songhw@jlu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "songhw@jlu.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "吉林大学电子科学与工程学院　集成光电子学国家重点实验室，吉林　长春　130012", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "吉林大学电子科学与工程学院　集成光电子学国家重点实验室，吉林　长春　130012" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近年来，钙钛矿纳米晶由于具有优异的光电性质，在发光、光电转换等领域获得了广泛的研究，已然成为科研界的“明星材料”。然而，钙钛矿纳米晶存在一些不足之处(例如稳定性差、光谱仅限于可见光区等)，限制了其应用。稀土离子具有丰富的4f能级和特殊的电子构型，因此，将稀土离子掺杂到钙钛矿纳米晶中，能够显著提升材料的光电性质，并改善稳定性，解决钙钛矿纳米晶面向实际应用需求的关键问题。本文详细介绍了稀土掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶的性质，重点对材料在发光二极管、太阳能电池以及光电探测器等多个方面的应用实例进行了总结与展望。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "In recent years, due to their excellent photoelectric properties, perovskite nanocrystals have been extensively studied in the fields of luminescence and photoelectric conversion, and they have become \"star materials\" in scientific research circles. However, perovskite nanocrystals have some shortcomings(such as poor stability, the spectrum is limited to the visible light region, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "etc" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ".), which limit their application. Rare earth ions have abundant 4f energy levels and special electronic configurations. Therefore, doping rare earth ions into perovskite nanocrystals can significantly improve the photoelectric properties of the material, improve the stability, and solve the key problem of the perovskite nanocrystals for practical application requirements. We introduce the properties of rare earth-doped perovskite nanocrystals, and focus on the application of materials in light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and photodetectors, respectively." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "发光" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "perovskite" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "nanocrystals" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "rare earth" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "doping" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "luminescence" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近几年，卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶一直是光电材料领域研究的热点。由于其具有荧光量子产率高、光谱在整个可见光区可调和谱线窄等优点，在发光二极管(LED)、太阳能电池、激光器和光电探测器等方面被广泛应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5", "R6", "R7", "R8", "R9", "R10", "R11", "R12" ], "text": "1-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。一般来说，卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶为" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ABX" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的结构(其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位为Cs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等一价金属离子，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位为Pb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等二价金属离子，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位为F" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Cl" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Br" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。但是，其本身具有一些不足，例如，稳定性差、含有毒元素等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R13", "R14", "R15" ], "text": "13-15", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因而，为了克服这些缺点，研究者们提出了一些解决办法:调整" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位元素的比例和成分" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R16", "R17", "R18", "R19", "R20" ], "text": "16-20", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、控制钙钛矿纳米晶的尺寸" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R21", "R22", "R23" ], "text": "21-23", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、在" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位置引入稀土(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RE" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")离子或过渡金属离子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R24", "R25", "R26", "R27", "R28" ], "text": "24-28", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中，过渡金属和稀土离子掺杂被认为是最有效调节卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶的电子结构和光学性能的方法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土元素共包括17种元素，由元素周期表中ⅢB族的15种镧系元素以及同属ⅢB族的钪(Sc)和钇(Y)组成。它们具有各种多价离子:" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ln" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=1~15)和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RE" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子具有[Xe]4" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777063&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777073&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777067&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的电子构型，Sc" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Y" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别具有[Ar]和[Kr]" }, { "name": "text", "data": "的电子构型，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RE" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RE" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Dy" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")离子分别具有[Xe]4f" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和[Xe]4f" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的电子结构" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R30", "R31" ], "text": "30-31", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。稀土元素具有4f电子组态，并且处于未充满的状态，使其电子跃迁能级非常多，可以发射紫外、可见到红外区多个波段的光，激发寿命也很长，可以达到毫秒量级" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R32", "R33", "R34" ], "text": "32-34", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。由于其电子结构以及可变价态，稀土离子具有独特的发光、电磁特性以及氧化还原性质。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于稀土离子丰富的4f能级和独特的电子排列，稀土离子掺杂已成为改善钙钛矿纳米晶光电性能的有效方法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R35", "R36", "R37", "R38", "R39", "R40" ], "text": "35-40", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。稀土离子内部存在的f →f和f →d 电子跃迁过程能够增加钙钛矿纳米晶的发光强度和发光色纯度" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "42", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R41", "R42" ], "text": "41-42", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。此外，稀土离子可以调节钙钛矿纳米晶的电学、光学和化学性质，从而增加其在光电领域的可应用性。稀土离子掺杂后的钙钛矿纳米晶展现出了固有的、高效的4f-4f窄带发射，同时也提高了钙钛矿纳米晶的光电性质以及稳定性。目前，研究者们已经制备出稀土掺杂的钙钛矿纳米晶，表现出优良的性能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R43", "R44", "R45" ], "text": "43-45", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 。本文结合国内外最新研究进展，对稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶的基本性质以及应用进行了系统总结。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶的性质" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "金属卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶稳定性差(对水、氧、热等)，其光学特性的可调性有限" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R46", "R47", "R48" ], "text": "46-48", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。掺杂稀土离子能够更为有效地调控钙钛矿纳米晶的光学和电学特性。这些独特的性质主要是由于4f子壳层中的电子被外部5s和5p子壳层中的电子有效地屏蔽" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "49", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R49", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "49" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在已经报道的稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶的研究工作中，掺杂稀土离子不仅拓宽了钙钛矿材料的光谱范围" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "50", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R50", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，还极大地改善了金属卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶的发光效率和稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R51", "R52", "R53" ], "text": "51-53", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "然而，为了保证稀土离子能够有效掺入卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶晶格中，获得结构稳定、性能优良的材料，不仅需要选择合适的掺杂元素，而且需要考虑合理的元素组成。元素周期表中很多元素都可以作为卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶的组成成分，但是能够形成稳定结构的元素却不多。尤其是，卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶的稳定性取决于材料本身的容忍因子" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和八面体因子" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μ" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "55", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R55", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "55" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R54", "R55" ], "text": "54-55", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，这也决定了向卤化物钙钛矿体系中进行掺杂的难易程度。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶的晶体结构" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "卤化物钙钛矿满足" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ABX" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的结构(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位为Cs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Rb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、FA" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位为Pb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等二价金属离子，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位为F" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Cl" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Br" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，通常呈现被" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位包围的八面体结构，并且显示出6个" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位与" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "配位" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。根据" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位原子与八面体的排列方式，把钙钛矿材料分为四种类型(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示):零维(0D)、一维(1D)、二维(2D)和三维(3D)钙钛矿" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。对于3D钙钛矿结构，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "BX" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "八面体在三维方向上与相邻的离子共享" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位阴离子，八面体之间相互连接" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "58", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R58", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "58" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。相比于3D钙钛矿结构，2D钙钛矿晶体中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "BX" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "八面体仅在二维平面中与共享的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位阴离子连接" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "59", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R59", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "59" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。特别地，当较大的基团占据" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位时，例如长链烷基胺阳离子，典型的卤化铅钙钛矿结构将变成2D Ruddlesden -popper(RP)层状钙钛矿结构，此时需要按照层数进行分类" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。同样，在1D钙钛矿晶体结构中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "BX" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "八面体之间呈现一维连接" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。0D钙钛矿晶体比较特别，其中过量的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位原子隔开了" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "BX" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "八面体，八面体之间没有任何连接" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶具有特定的卤素元素以及不同的配位模式。大多数卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶为3D结构，而2D、1D和0D结构相对较少" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "58", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R58", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "58" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R61", "R62" ], "text": "61-62", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。得益于多种类型和各种晶体结构，钙钛矿的结构具有更高的可调节性。因此，将稀土离子掺杂到钙钛矿结构中变得更加灵活" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "63", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R63", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "63" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", 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(a)3D double perovskites. (b)3D single perovskites. (c)2D perovskites. (d)1D perovskites. (e)-(h)0D perovskites." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777078&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777089&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777083&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "容忍因子" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和八面体因子" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μ" } ] } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "理想钙钛矿体系中(满足" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ABX" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "结构)，阳离子(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位离子)和阴离子(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位离子)的半径应满足容忍因子" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777094&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777103&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777098&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和八面体因子" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777107&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777116&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777112&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别指" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位离子的半径" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "55", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R55", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "55" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "65", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R65", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "65" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值在0.81~1.11之间变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，如果超出该范围，立方相的晶体结构将发生扭曲，甚至被破坏。若" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值较小，将会产生对称性较低的四方结构或正交结构。理想立方相结构中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值在0.89~1.0之间变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "65", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R65", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "65" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值在0.44~0.90之间，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值不仅决定了钙钛矿八面体结构的稳定性，而且进一步影响了钙钛矿结构的稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶，可以根据容忍因子" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和八面体因子" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "来选择合适的稀土离子取代其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位二价金属离子，从而获取不同结构和性能的钙钛矿纳米晶。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "发光增强和光谱调控" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶具有优良的发光特性，却存在一些不足。它们的发光波长仅能在可见光区域内调节，很难达到近红外区，并且发射峰半峰宽(FWHM)通常比较宽" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "68", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R68", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "68" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "69", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R69", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "69" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R68", "R69" ], "text": "68-69", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。而稀土离子具有特殊的发光特性:发射峰非常窄、FWHM仅有几纳米、发光衰减时间比较长(可以达到几微秒)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "70", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R70", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "71", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R71", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "71" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R70", "R71" ], "text": "70-71", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。最重要的是，稀土离子的发射光谱涵盖了从紫外区到近红外区的较宽范围" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "72", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R72", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "72" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "73", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R73", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "73" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R72", "R73" ], "text": "72-73", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。通过掺杂稀土离子，可以实现卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶的发射光谱从可见光区到近红外区的调控。同时，稀土离子引入卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶后，不仅拓宽了钙钛矿材料的光谱范围(从可见光区拓宽到近红外区)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "50", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R50", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，而且显著地改善了钙钛矿纳米材料本身的发光效率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。Pan等首先制备出了一系列稀土离子掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶，他们采用稀土卤化盐作为前驱体，在高温(200~240 ℃)下通过热注入将稀土离子引入钙钛矿纳米晶" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。荧光光谱表明，未掺杂样品仅有激子发射，而所有稀土掺杂样品均展现出掺杂稀土离子的发射和本身的激子发射，呈现多个发射峰。在各种稀土离子掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的样品呈现出最高的光致发光量子产率(PLQY,142.7%)。根据最早关于Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 或CsPb(Cl/Br)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的工作报道" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，掺杂后样品均呈现出超过100%的PLQY。后续也有报道，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 薄膜和纳米晶均实现了~190%的PLQY" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "76", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R76", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "76" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这样的高荧光量子产率源自于Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "引入钙钛矿纳米晶后，产生的量子剪裁效应，这将在下一部分详细说明。另外，还有一些将稀土离子引入钙钛矿纳米晶中，实现了发光性能改善或是发光光谱调控，并未展现出量子剪裁效应。例如，Li等通过对CsPbC" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777122&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777131&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777127&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " (" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0,1,1.5,2,3) 进行Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂实现了覆盖整个可见光谱的宽色域发射。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，CsPb" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶的可调激子光致发光覆盖了蓝光到绿光范围(400~520 nm) 的发射" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "77", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R77", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "77" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。Yao等通过简单的热注入将Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺入CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶中，通过引入Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "显著调控了PL动力学，提高了CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶的PLQY(89%)(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。大部分稀土离子引入钙钛矿纳米晶中，都会对发光性能或发光光谱产生影响，可能是单一的光学特性增强，也可能是改变发光光谱的同时敏化了钙钛矿纳米晶的发光。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": 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} ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(0~50%)浓度下的PLQY" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)PL spectra of CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3) NCs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": 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(b)Left: the PL spectra(excitation at 365 nm) of undoped and doped CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " NCs with different Ce/Pb ratios. Right: the PLQY " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "versus" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " dopant concentration of CeBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(0-50%)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777136&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777146&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777140&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子剪裁效应" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2d" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子剪裁是一种下转换发光过程，其概念是Dexter在1957年提出的，是指吸收一个高能量的光子(紫外或者蓝紫)转换为两个或者多个低能量的光子(可见或者红外)并发射出来的过程，其PLQY一般会超过100%。2017 年，Pan 等首次发现Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子掺杂CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶可以实现PLQY为142.7%的红外发光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。随后，Milstein等提出了Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子掺杂CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的量子剪裁机制(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。他们指出，电荷补偿形成的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-V" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Pb" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(V" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Pb" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Pb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子空位)电荷中性对在量子剪裁过程中扮演至关重要的角色。在导带边缘以下，该Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-V" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Pb" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对感应出较浅的缺陷能级，这些缺陷能级与宿主材料的固有缺陷竞争来自于导带的皮秒量级非辐射能量转移，随后在单个量子剪裁过程中，几乎共振的能量转移至其中的两个Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子。2017年，Zhou等报道了Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "体系中产生的量子剪裁效应(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在该体系中，Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "充当能量供体，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "充当能量受主。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "逐步能量转移机制(a)、掺杂Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的量子剪裁机制(b)、将Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺入无机CsPb" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "中的量子剪裁机制(c)示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Scheme of stepwise energy transfer mechanism(a), quantum cutting mechanism for Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-doped CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(b), the conventional quantum cutting mechanism with Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " incorporated into inorganic CsPb" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(c)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " [" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777151&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777157&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777154&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2019年，Li等通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算，结合之前提出的量子剪裁机制，提出了一种Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的量子剪裁过程" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。他们发现稀土离子掺杂会导致原始CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的价带发生变化，而不是产生导带以下的浅缺陷能级，并且独特的Pb(RA)原子具有捕获激发态，与RA Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-V" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Pb" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对相关联，定位光生电子，进而实现量子剪裁过程(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)。在该种量子剪裁过程中，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-V" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Pb" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的电荷中性对最可能存在于与Pb(RA)原子相关的晶体基质中；具有捕获激发态的Pb(RA)原子作为能量供体，在一个量子剪裁过程中激发两个Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子。重要的是，由于Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-V" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Pb" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "电荷中性对与Pb(RA)原子结合产生的自然接近，有利于从Pb(RA)原子到两个相邻Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的能量转移，从而同时激发两者，有助于实现量子剪裁。然而，需要进一步深入的实验和理论研究来印证量子剪裁机制。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂立方相CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "量子剪裁机理示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Scheme of proposed quantum cutting mechanism for Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-doped CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " of cubic phase" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777160&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777168&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777163&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "上述研究都是在带隙大于2.88 eV(对应发光波长为430 nm)的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "或CsPb(Cl/Br)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中掺杂Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子。而研究者们发现，将Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂到带隙更窄的钙钛矿纳米晶中，例如CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶，具有一定的挑战性。因此，调节主体钙钛矿纳米晶的带隙对于了解带隙在量子剪裁效应中的角色十分重要。研究者们提出了以下两种策略来解决将Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子掺杂到更窄带隙纳米晶中的挑战:(1)在合成后把Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂到纳米晶中" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(2)对于掺杂Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶进行阴离子交换" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。将Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子掺杂进入合成后的CsPb" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶(也掺入CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米片)中，实现了近红外区的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发射" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。然而，在CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在近红外区的发射显著降低。在离子交换方法中，如果纳米晶带隙小于2.5 eV,Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的近红外光发射急剧下降" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。因此，将2.5 eV称为将Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂进CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶实现量子剪裁效应的阈值，在带隙大于2.5 eV的钙钛矿纳米晶中才会实现量子剪裁效应。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)通过合成后Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂获得的未掺杂和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "% Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPb" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=Cl,Br,I)纳米晶以及CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿纳米片(蓝色光谱)的光致发光光谱" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(b)992 nm处Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的PLQY随CsPb(Cl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶光学带隙的变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)PL spectra of undoped and " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "% Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-doped CsPb" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals along with CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " perovskite nanoplatelets(NPLs, blue spectra) obtained through post synthesis Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " doping" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)PLQY of Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " emission at 992 nm as a function of the optical band gap of CsPb(Cl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777171&type=", "small": 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"52-53", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R78", "R79" ], "text": "78-79", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在太阳能电池中，基于稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿薄膜制备出的器件具有较高的光电转换效率和持久的稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "80", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R80", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "80" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土离子掺杂卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶在发光领域的应用" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿纳米晶具有发光谱线窄和光谱范围可调等优异的光学性质，在发光领域一直备受关注。对卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶进行稀土离子掺杂后，能够将二者的发光特性结合，改善卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶发光特性，促进了卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶在LED领域的应用。由于稀土离子本身独特的电子结构，引入钙钛矿纳米晶晶格后，会对发光性能产生不同的影响，主要包括:" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)引入稀土离子仅敏化了钙钛矿纳米晶的发光，提升了材料本身的发光性能，而并未改变钙钛矿纳米晶本身的发光光谱，进而使电致发光LED的性能得以显著提升。例如，Yao等通过热注入方法将Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子掺杂到CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中，增强了PLQY并实现了高效的LED器件(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。他们发现，当Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂量增加到2.88%(Ce与Pb的原子百分比),CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的PLQY达到89%；并表明掺杂Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "诱导的近带边缘态调节了CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "主体的PL动力学，进而大幅度提升了光学性质。采用Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶作为发光层制备LED，其外量子效率(EQE)从1.6%提高到4.4%。最近，Chiba等报道了三价镧系元素卤化物氯化钕(NdCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")掺杂的钙钛矿纳米晶，并制备了蓝色电致发光LED" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。掺杂NdCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "后，钙钛矿纳米晶在478 nm展现蓝光发射，溶液PLQY高达97%。基于NdCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶研制的蓝光LED的外量子效率为2.7%(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，器件性能显著提升。他们将这种性能提升归因于Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对非辐射复合的有效抑制。同样地，Xie等通过向CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中掺杂Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，实现了中心波长为459 nm、光致发光量子产率高达 90%的蓝光纳米晶。对于光学性能的提升，他们认为是由于Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂时价带和导带变平导致的激子结合能增加以及掺杂引起的晶格收缩导致的激子振荡强度增强的结果。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)分散在甲苯溶液中未掺杂的CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和掺杂Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "光致发光光谱及其在5 V电压下的电致发光光谱，插图显示了在5 V电压下相应器件的照片" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(b)基于Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的钙钛矿纳米晶发光二极管的外量子效率-电流密度特性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(c)基于2.7%Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/9.1%Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶LED的 CIE 色坐标(A(0.42,0.33)、B(0.39,0.32)、C(0.37,0.30)和D(0.33,0.29))，插图是在365 nm紫外灯下的2.7%Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/9.1%Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的光致发光图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(d)基于Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "共掺的CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶玻璃LED的CIE色坐标(0.333 5,0.341 3)，插图为Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "共掺杂 CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶玻璃照片、制备出的LED发射光谱和发光照片" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(e)基于Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子掺杂CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " LED 器件结构示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(f)基于具有不同掺杂浓度的Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子掺杂CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶LED的CIE色坐标，插图为具有不同Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子掺杂浓度的钙钛矿LED照片" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)EL spectra at an applied voltage of 5 V and their corresponding PL emission spectra for undoped CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-doped CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " when dispersed in toluene solution" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)EQE-current density characteristics of perovskite LEDs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (c)CIE chromaticity coordinate of the LED from 2.7%Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/9.1%Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-codoped CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals(A(0.42, 0.33), B(0.39, 0.32), C(0.37, 0.30), and D(0.33, 0.29)). The inset is PL images of 2.7%Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/9.1%Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-codoped CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals under a 365 nm UV lamp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (d)CIE color coordinates based on Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " co-doped CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystalline glass LED(0.333 5, 0.341 3). The illustration shows the photo of Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " co-doped CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystalline glass, the emission spectrum of the prepared LED and the luminescence photo of the working LED" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (e)Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ion-doped CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " LED device structure diagram" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (f)CIE coordinates for the perovskite LED based on Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ion-doped CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals with different doping concentrations. Inserts: photographs of perovskite LEDs with different Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ion doping concentrations" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777184&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777192&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777188&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)引入稀土离子不仅敏化了材料本身发光，还改变了材料发光光谱，使发光光谱覆盖整个可见光区，进而产生白光发射。对于稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶产生白光发射的研究，一直备受关注。2018年，Pan等成功制备了Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "共掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿纳米晶，获得了单一成分的稳定白光发射。Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的引入不仅补充了蓝光和绿光成分，而且还敏化了Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的红光发射。最终，采用2.7% Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和9.1% Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "共掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶实现了白光发射，PLQY达到75%" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。随后，他们采用365 nm GaN LED芯片和共掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶制备了光致发光白光LED，器件发光效率为51 lm/W，显色指数为89(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。通常，采用近紫外芯片激发稀土离子掺杂氧化物制备的白光LED能够产生高达94 的显色指数，但是仅能实现23 lm/W的低流明效率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "82", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R82", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "82" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。而对于近紫外光激发稀土离子掺杂的钙钛矿纳米晶却能在实现高显色指数的同时保持较高的器件流明效率。类似地，Cheng等将Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "引入CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶玻璃中，并采用蓝光芯片激发，在20 mA的电流下实现了85.7的显色指数和63.21 lm/W的发光效率(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。以上两个报道证明了稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶在白光发光二极管上的巨大应用潜力。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同于Pan等采用近紫外芯片激发方式制备的光致发光LED,Sun等制备了电致发光白光LED，发光层材料采用Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶。首先，她们通过一种改进的热注入方法制备了高效的Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子掺杂CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶，Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的PLQY达到85%。基于Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶制备出的电致LED(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(e)~(f)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(e)~(f)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)展现了出色的白光电致发光特性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，得益于从 CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶主体到 Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的有效能量转移，实现了色坐标为(0.32,0.31)、最大亮度为938 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、外量子效率为1.2%、显色指数为93的单组分白光钙钛矿电致LED。这是首次实现单组分白光钙钛矿LED，消除了与多组分钙钛矿进行离子交换的麻烦和串联钙钛矿LED器件结构设计的困难，具有重要意义。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "将稀土离子引入钙钛矿纳米晶后，无论是增强单色发光，还是实现白光发射，都能够有效地将钙钛矿纳米晶与稀土离子的优点充分地结合，实现更佳的光学性能。将稀土离子与钙钛矿纳米晶结合，促进了钙钛矿纳米晶今后在发光与显示领域的应用，同时也展现了二者结合后的巨大发展前景。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土离子掺杂卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶在太阳能电池领域的应用" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶在太阳能电池方面的应用主要有以下三种:(1)采用稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿作为功能层的钙钛矿太阳能电池；(2)采用稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶作为量子剪裁层的硅太阳能电池；(3)利用稀土掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶量子剪裁效应制备的太阳能发光集中器。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土掺杂钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSC)" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3b1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在卤化物钙钛矿材料中，铅基钙钛矿材料具有优秀的光伏性质，已经有较多的文章报道了基于卤化铅钙钛矿材料的太阳能电池，一直是研究热点。但是，铅基的卤化物钙钛矿材料在潮湿、高温和氧化还原环境下容易分解，导致器件性能显著下降，同时基于卤化铅钙钛矿材料的太阳能电池的功率转换效率(PCE)远未达到其理论极限" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "83", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R83", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "83" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "86", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R86", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "86" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R83", "R84", "R85", "R86" ], "text": "83-86", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。掺入稀土离子是提高卤化铅钙钛矿材料稳定性的重要手段" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "87", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R87", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "87" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "88", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R88", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "88" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R87", "R88" ], "text": "87-88", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，也可以进一步提升钙钛矿太阳能电池的PCE以及器件稳定性。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "例如，Duan等将一系列的稀土离子掺入CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜中，并制备了太阳能电池" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。他们发现掺杂稀土离子后，延长了载流子迁移时间，显著抑制了钙钛矿膜表面的电子和空穴的复合。在不使用金属电极和空穴传输层的情况下，器件获得了10.14%的PCE，开路电压也达到1.59 V。与此同时，电池表现出高稳定性，在80%相对湿度下存放110 d，器件的PCE基本没有变化。此外，电池在80 ℃下工作60 d后仍保持高效率(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)无空穴传输层、全无机PSC的横截面扫面电镜图像；(b)基于几种稀土离子掺杂的无机PSC特征电流-电压曲线；未封装的原始器件和 Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂器件在25 ℃和 80% RH(c)、 80 ℃和 0% RH(d)下的长期稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)The cross-sectional SEM image of a HTM-free, all inorganic PSC. (b)Based on inorganic PSC doped with several rare earth ions " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J-V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " curves. Long-term stability of the pristine and Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " doped devices without encapsulation under 25 ℃ and 80% RH (c), 80 ℃ and 0% RH(d)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777196&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777204&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777200&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在另外两个报道中，分别在卤化铅钙钛矿中进行了Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂。首先，Wang等制备了Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂MAPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜的PSC" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "89", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R89", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "89" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。与原始杂化钙钛矿材料相比，掺Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "杂化钙钛矿材料具有优异的薄膜质量，陷阱态密度大大降低，电荷载流子寿命明显延长，载流子迁移率提高，载流子传输更平衡。结果，由Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的混合钙钛矿材料制成的平面异质结PSC表现出21.15%的高可重复PCE，并显著抑制了光电流滞后。随后，Shi等通过在合成过程中进行原位(Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")掺杂，合成了CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶，并显示出优良的光电性能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "90", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R90", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "90" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。实验结果表明，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可有效减少材料表面和晶格空位引起的缺陷数量和陷阱态密度，有助于改善钙钛矿纳米晶的结晶度、热稳定性和载流子传输速率。采用Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶制备的太阳能电池实现了13.12%的PCE(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，器件稳定性明显得到改善(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)基于Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "太阳能电池电流-电压特性曲线，插图为掺杂后样品的透射电镜图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "90", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R90", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "90" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(b)无封装基于20%和50% Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶器件的环境存储稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "90", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R90", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "90" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)The current-voltage characteristic curves of a solar cell based on Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " doped CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". The inset shows the TEM image of the sample after doping" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "90", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R90", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "90" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)The ambient storage stability of the devices based on CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", 20%Yb-doped and 50%Yb-doped CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals without encapsulation" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "90", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R90", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "90" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777208&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777217&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777210&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于起始原料中包含PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，制备出的PSC具有较高PCE，因此被广泛地研究。但是，通常会在器件制造和操作过程中产生铅(Pb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")和碘(I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")缺陷，这些缺陷不仅充当复合中心降低器件效率，而且还会缩短器件的使用寿命。但是，消除这种缺陷的研究并不多" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "87", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R87", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "87" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。Wang等将离子对Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "引入CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中，在Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "循环过渡过程中，选择性氧化Pb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和还原I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "缺陷，巧妙地消除了缺陷。最终得到的器件实现了21.52%(认证20.52%)的PCE(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，并大大提高了其长期稳定性。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9(c)~(f)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9(c)~(f)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，在1个太阳连续照射或在850 ℃下加热1 500 h后，这些器件分别保留了92%和89%的峰值PCE，在最大功率点跟踪500 h后，保留了原始PCE的91%。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)基于掺杂0.15%不同" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(acac)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Y" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")的(FA,MA,Cs)Pb(I,Br)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(Cl) PSC的原始性能演变；(b)电流密度-电压曲线，稳定的输出(在0.97 V下测得)和掺有0.15% Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "器件的参数；(c)掺有0.15%[" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(acac)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Y" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")]MAPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(Cl)制备PSC的长期稳定性(在惰性条件下保存)，在1太阳光照射或85 ℃老化条件下，掺入Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的器件和参比器件的PCE演变；半个PSC(原始PCE:掺杂0.15% Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的PSC,(19.21±0.54)%；参比PSC,(18.05±0.38)%)(d)和完整的PSC(原始PCE:掺杂0.15%Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的PSC,(19.17±0.42)%；参考PSC,(17.82±0.30)%)(e)，扫描速度为20 mV/s;(f)在0.97 V和1太阳光照下测得的掺有0.15%Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "器件归一化PCE随时间的变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "87", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R87", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "87" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Original performance evolution based on (FA,MA,Cs)Pb(I,Br)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(Cl) perovskite with the incorporation of 0.15% different " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(acac)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " = Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Y" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "). (b)The " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J-V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " curve, stable output(measured at 0.97 V), and parameters of 0.15% Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-incorporated champion devices. (c)Long-term stability of PSCs based on MAPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(Cl) perovskite absorber with the incorporation of 0.15% different [" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(acac)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Y" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")], stored in inert condition. The PCE evolution of Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-incorporated and reference devices under 1 sun illumination or 85 ℃ aging condition. Half PSCs(original PCE: 0.15%Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " incorporated PSCs, (19.21 ± 0.54)%; reference PSCs, (18.05 ± 0.38)%)(d) and full PSCs(original PCE: 0.15%Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " incorporated PSCs, (19.17 ± 0.42)%; reference PSCs, (17.82 ± 0.30)%)(e). Scanning speed is 20 mV/s. (f)Normalized PCE of of 0.15%Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-incorporated device as a function of time, measured at 0.97 V and 1-sun illumination" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "87", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R87", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "87" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777220&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777229&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777225&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "还有两个将铕离子引入卤化物钙钛矿材料中的报道，但是两个工作所使用的铕离子为两种不同价态。Jena等通过在CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "中掺入Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，在较低的退火温度(85 ℃)下产生稳定的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "α" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，该方法可防止在空气中黑相(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "α" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")到黄相(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "δ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")的转变，并且可以保持稳定的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "α" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "超过30 d" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "91", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R91", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "91" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。基于Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "太阳能电池PCE超过6%，而未掺杂的CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，完全没有显示出光伏性能(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10(a)~(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10(a)~(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)。此外，Xiang等将Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "引入" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "α" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-CsPbBrI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，并制备了PSC，其稳定PCE为13.34%" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "80", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R80", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "80" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。他们认为Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂CsPbBrI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以在室温下稳定该无机钙钛矿的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "α" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "相，因而制备出的太阳能电池的稳定性得以显著提升，在100 mW/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的连续白光照射370 h后，器件仍保留93%的初始效率。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F10", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)进行Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "晶体结构的变化，插图为性能最优器件的外量子效率相对电压的曲线" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "91", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R91", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "91" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(b)CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Eu(稳定的黑色相，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=4%,5%,6%,6%,7%,8%,10% EuCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")的PCE(箱形图由每种掺杂量的10个电池得到)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "91", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R91", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "91" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)The change of the crystal structure of CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " after Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " doping. The inset is the curve of EQE " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "versus" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " voltage for the best performing device" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "91", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R91", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "91" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)PCE(determined from backward scan) of CsPbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Eu perovskite(Eu-stabilized black phase," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 10% EuCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ") solar cells(the box chart has been prepared from 10 cells of each condition)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "91", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R91", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "91" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777233&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777239&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777236&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于稀土量子剪裁效应的硅太阳能电池" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3b2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "将稀土离子掺杂到钙钛矿纳米晶中，材料展现出高效的量子剪裁效应，如果可以加以利用，能够显著提升太阳能转换器件性能。Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子在990 nm附近的发光能够被商用硅太阳能电池吸收，利用Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的量子剪裁效应，有望提高硅太阳能电池效率并降低成本。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2017年，Zhou等在传统的硅太阳能电池中采用Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(7.1%)-Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(2%)共掺杂CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶层，将硅电池的效率从18.1%提高到21.5%" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。他们使用热注入法合成Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂、(Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")和(Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")共掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶，并观察到了它们的激子发射以及988 nm处Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的红外发光。Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "共掺杂CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的PLQY达到146%，这是量子剪裁效应导致的。一般硅太阳能电池对小于450 nm的太阳光转换效率较低。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，他们采用液相沉积方法，将钙钛矿纳米晶自组装在商用单晶硅太阳能电池的表面，吸收太阳光中的高能光子(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "<" }, { "name": "text", "data": "450 nm)并将其转换为988 nm Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发射(PLQY" }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "100%)，再被硅太阳能电池吸收。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11(b)~(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11(b)~(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，添加量子剪裁层后，硅太阳能电池在350~450 nm范围内的入射光子转换效率提高，进一步提升了太阳能电池的效率。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F11", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)钙钛矿薄膜示意图，用于增强硅太阳能电池的PCE;(b)涂有不同钙钛矿纳米晶硅太阳能电池的PCE，从左到右分别为:CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Ce(2%),CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Yb(7.1%),CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Yb(7.1%),Ce(2%);(c)涂覆不同厚度钙钛矿薄膜的硅太阳能电池电流-电压曲线(扫描速度为0.1 V/s);(d)涂覆不同厚度钙钛矿薄膜的硅太阳能电池入射光子转换效率曲线" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Schematic diagram of perovskite film to enhance the PCE of crystalline-silicon solar cells. (b)PCE of Si solar cells coated with different perovskite QDs. Left to right: CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Ce(2%), CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Yb(7.1%), CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Yb(7.1%),Ce(2%). (c)" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I-V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " curves of the best Si solar cells coated with different thickness of perovskite film with scan speed 0.1 V/s. (d)IPCE curves of Si solar cells coated with different thickness of perovskite films" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777244&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777252&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777245&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于硅等太阳能电池材料的带隙远低于所吸收的蓝光以及紫外光所具有的能量，导致多余的能量在热载流子弛豫到带边的过程中以热量的形式损失。在总能量损失中，这种热量损失占据很大部分，因而导致单结硅太阳能电池PCE的Shockley-Queisser热力学极限为31%。采用引入量子剪裁层的方法将紫外光和蓝光转换为近红外光有可能减少热损失，从而使单结太阳能电池的理论效率超过该极限" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "92", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R92", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "92" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，在减少热损失方面，掺杂Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的量子剪裁纳米晶层的功效需要更多理论支持和实验工作来验证。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "发光太阳能集中器(LSC)" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3b3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "发光太阳能集中器(LSC)首先吸收入射的太阳光，然后通过全内反射的方式，将发出的低能量光波导到设备边缘。连接在LSC边缘的光伏设备吸收了波导光，并将其转换为可用能量。对于LSC，其内部光学效率(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "int" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")是边缘发射光子与吸收的太阳光子之比。为了提高" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "int" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",LSC介质既需要高PLQY，又需要其对发出的光有最小的重吸收，这样发出的光就可以传播到LSC的边缘而不会造成过多损失。掺Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的CsPb" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶恰好能够满足这两个条件，量子剪裁效应可以保证材料具有超过100%的高PLQY以及材料发射与吸收之间的大斯托克斯位移(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)。Wu等使用Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶作为发光体，在25 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "大小的LSC中实现了很高的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "int" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(118.1%±6.7%)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，掺Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的LSC对可见光基本上是透明的，这表明该类LSC可以用于建筑物的玻璃窗材料中，下方插图表明LSC中产生的发光能够传播到其边缘。通过数据外推图(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")可以看出，在大型LSC中使用Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶可以产生高" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "int" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，同等面积下，掺Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "样品的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "int" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "约比掺Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " LSC的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "int" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "高2倍" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "93", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R93", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "93" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。对于5 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 的LSC来说，将Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂到窄带隙CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Br" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶中，实现了7.6%的太阳光子吸收效率(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "abs" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，外部光学效率(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ext" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")提高了9.0%(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，基于量子剪裁效应的稀土掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶是串联 LSC 中顶层材料的理想选择，因为它们吸收非常有限的阳光，但可以从吸收的光中提供最高的效率。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F12", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)用365 nm光源激发的未掺杂(紫色)和掺Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(深红色)的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶的光致发光光谱(带阴影的实线)，顶部插图为它们的吸收光谱，底部插图是掺杂纳米晶的透射电镜图像；(b)使用掺杂Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶对5 cm×5 cm 量子剪裁LSC测量的总(深红色)、顶部(浅红色)和边缘(橙色)光致发光，顶部插图是LSC在阳光下的照片，底部插图显示了LSC在UV照明下以及使用手机拍摄的570 nm长通滤光片的边缘发射；(c)边缘长度为1~100 cm、厚度为0.2 cm(深红色实线)的方形量子剪裁LSC的外推" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，色圆圈是在图1中测得，黄色虚线代表先前工作的Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂LSC的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "int" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，插图是一个30 cm长的量子剪裁LSC平板；(d)太阳光子吸收效率(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "abs" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")为3.1%(橙色实线)、7.6%(浅红色实线)和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "abs" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为7.6%、光致发光效率(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "PL" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")为200%(深红色实线)的方形量子剪裁LSC(边缘长度为1~100 cm)的外推" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ext" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，紫色虚线为与先前工作报道的CuInSe" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 量子点LSC的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ext" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "进行的比较" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)PL spectra(solid lines with shading) of undoped(purple) and Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-doped(dark red) CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals excited with a 365 nm light source. The top inset shows their absorption spectra. The bottom inset is a TEM image of doped nanocrystals. (b)Total(dark red), face(light red), and edge(orange) emissions measured for a 5 cm × 5 cm quantum cutting LSC using Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-doped CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals. The " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "int" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " of this LSC is measured to be (118.1±6.7)%. The top inset is the picture of the LSC under sunlight, the bottom inset shows the edge emission from the LSC under UV illumination and with a 570 nm long-pass filter taken using a cell phone camera. (c)Extrapolated " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "int" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " for square-shaped quantum cutting LSCs with edge lengths from 1 to 100 cm and the same thickness of 0.2 cm(dark red solid line). The red circle is the one measured in Fig.1. " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "int" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " for Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-doped quantum cutting LSCs adapted from previous work is also shown for comparison(yellow dashed line). The inset is a 30 cm long quantum cutting LSC slab. (d)Extrapolated " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ext" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " for square-shaped quantum cutting LSCs with edge lengths from 1 to 100 cm for solar photon absorption efficiency(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "abs" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ") of 3.1%(orange solid line), 7.6%(light red solid line) and for " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "abs" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " of 7.6% and " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "PL" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " of 200%(dark red solid line). " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ext" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " for CuInSe" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " quantum dots LSCs adapted from previous work is also shown for comparison(purple dashed line)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777256&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777263&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777259&type=" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土离子掺杂卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶在光电探测器领域的应用" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于钙钛矿纳米晶的光电探测器表现出优异的光电探测能力，这归因于其高吸收系数、高载流子迁移率、长载流子扩散长度和高缺陷耐受性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "94", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R94", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "94" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "96", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R96", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "96" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R94", "R95", "R96" ], "text": "94-96", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。但是，由于带隙的限制，钙钛矿纳米晶的光敏特性在800 nm附近截止。研究者发现，掺杂稀土离子的钙钛矿纳米晶可以实现近红外波长的窄带吸收" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "97", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R97", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "97" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，进而制备出近红外响应的钙钛矿光电探测器。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2020年，Ding等首次开发出了CsPbF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶窄带近红外光电探测器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "98", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R98", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "98" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。他们首先制备了基于CsPbF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Tm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的窄带近红外光电探测器，在980 nm处展现出超窄光谱响应。随后，在原有的纳米晶基础上，引入了金纳米棒(Au NRs)，最终制备了基于CsPbF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Tm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶/Au NRs阵列的近红外光电探测器，其性能得到了显著提升，响应度为106 A/W，检测度为1.52×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " Jones，外量子效率为135%。这些优异的性能主要归因于:(1)直接光电上转换理论；(2)掺杂Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "降低了捕获中心密度，提高了载流子迁移率，并提高了钙钛矿纳米晶对电子-空穴对的提取和分离效率；(3)局部表面等离子体激元的增强。该近红外光电探测器比之前的光电探测器灵敏得多，甚至可以与紫外可见光电探测器的光敏性相媲美。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "总结与展望" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文介绍了稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶的光电性质，讨论了引入稀土离子后钙钛矿纳米晶性能改善的原因，并对其在LED、太阳能电池、光电探测器等方面的应用进行了总结，为今后设计和应用含稀土的新型功能材料提供了有价值的参考。尽管存在一些问题和挑战，但是稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶的研究仍旧迅速发展。对于引入稀土离子的钙钛矿纳米晶，提供了一些新的挑战和发展机遇。主要挑战如下:" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)稳定性" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稳定性差一直是铅基钙钛矿纳米晶面临的主要问题，因而无论是太阳能电池还是发光二极管在大气环境(潮湿、氧气等)下性能都会大幅下降。因此，改善钙钛矿纳米晶的稳定性就显得尤为重要。在钙钛矿纳米晶中引入稀土离子后，能够大大提高钙钛矿纳米晶及其光电器件的稳定性。但是，相较于商用太阳能电池或者发光二极管仍远远不足，距离实际应用仍有一定距离。未来仍然需要在材料稳定性方面加大研究力度，使其能够克服大气环境的影响，进而实现商用化。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)环境友好" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "尽管铅基钙钛矿纳米晶在发光和太阳能电池等领域展现出优异的性能，但铅元素是剧毒重金属元素，对于生态环境以及人体健康都有危害。因此，引入稀土元素替代重金属元素，对于未来的应用与发展都是相当有利的。一直以来，为了解决毒性问题，研究者们对无铅钙钛矿纳米晶进行了大量研究。尽管无铅钙钛矿纳米晶(例如Cs" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "AgInCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Cs" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "AgBi" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " (" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=Cl,Br) NCs等)具有较高的稳定性，但大部分无铅钙钛矿纳米晶光电性能较差，与铅基钙钛矿纳米晶差距较大，更无法满足进一步的应用。同时，在无铅体系中掺杂稀土离子的报道非常少，主要由两方面原因导致:一是因为无铅体系本身光学性能较差:二是无铅体系中发光来自于缺陷发光，因而不能与稀土离子产生有效的能量传递，并不能像铅基钙钛矿纳米晶体系那样实现有效的调控。因此，在这方面的研究仍有很大的空间。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(3)大量生产" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实际应用往往需要量产稀土离子钙钛矿纳米材料。但是，在进行工业化批量生产过程中，材料生长动力学过程可能会发生变化，进而会影响材料本身的结晶性以及光电性能。并且在批量生产的过程中保证材料和器件的高效率，也是需要考虑的问题。因此，尽管稀土离子掺杂钙钛矿纳米晶在大量生产方面具有巨大潜力，但上述问题仍然需要大量的研究来解决，进而实现批量生产。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址:http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20210330." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献:" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG X Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LIN H" }, { "name": "text", 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