近红外飞秒激光作用下金膜中的超快电子动力学

赵琼琼; 袁伟; 杜鹃; 马国宏; 冷雨欣

doi:10.37188/CJL.20210262

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近红外飞秒激光作用下金膜中的超快电子动力学

材料合成及性能 | 更新时间：2021-11-23

- 近红外飞秒激光作用下金膜中的超快电子动力学增强出版
- Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Gold Films Probed by Near-infrared Femtosecond Laser
- 发光学报 2021年 42卷第11期 (2021)
- 作者机构：
  
  上海大学　理学院,上海,200444;中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所　强场激光物理国家重点实验室,上海,201800
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2017YFE0123700);国家自然科学基金(61925507;61875211;61905264);中国科学院创新交叉团队资助项目
- DOI：10.37188/CJL.20210262 中图分类号： O482.31
- 纸质出版日期：2021-11-01，
  
  收稿日期：2021-08-05，
  
  修回日期：2021-08-30，
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引用本文
赵琼琼, 袁伟, 杜鹃, 等. 近红外飞秒激光作用下金膜中的超快电子动力学[J]. 发光学报, 2021, 42(11):1787-1794.

Qiong-qiong ZHAO, Wei YUAN, Juan DU, et al. Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Gold Films Probed by Near-infrared Femtosecond Laser[J]. Chinese Journal of Luminescence, 2021, 42(11):1787-1794.
赵琼琼, 袁伟, 杜鹃, 等. 近红外飞秒激光作用下金膜中的超快电子动力学[J]. 发光学报, 2021, 42(11):1787-1794. DOI： 10.37188/CJL.20210262.

Qiong-qiong ZHAO, Wei YUAN, Juan DU, et al. Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Gold Films Probed by Near-infrared Femtosecond Laser[J]. Chinese Journal of Luminescence, 2021, 42(11):1787-1794. DOI： 10.37188/CJL.20210262.

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" }, { "name": "text", "data": "lengyuxin@siom.ac.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "lengyuxin@siom.ac.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "上海大学　理学院，上海　200444", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "上海大学　理学院，上海　200444" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所　强场激光物理国家重点实验室，上海　201800", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所　强场激光物理国家重点实验室，上海　201800" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "利用超快泵浦探测技术，研究了近红外飞秒强激光脉冲作用下，金膜中的超快电子动力学过程。研究发现，800 nm飞秒激光激发后，金膜的瞬态反射率存在一个下降过程。通过对金膜的瞬态反射率光谱进行分析和模拟，发现主要是自由电子弛豫和带间双光子跃迁这两种电子动力学过程综合作用的结果。利用双温模型，模拟了800 nm飞秒激光作用下金膜的温度弛豫和瞬态反射率变化过程，理论计算结果与实验结果符合良好。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Using ultrafast pump-probe technology, the ultrafast electron dynamics in gold films are investigated by near-infrared femtosecond laser. Transient reflectivity decrease after the 800 nm femtosecond laser excitation is observed. By analyzing and simulating the transient reflectivity spectrum difference, we found that it is mainly the result from the combined action of two kinds of electron dynamics: free electron relaxation and interband two-photon transitions. The two-temperature model is used to simulate the temperature relaxation and transient reflectivity difference, and the simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "泵浦探测技术" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "近红外飞秒激光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "金膜" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "超快电子动力学" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "瞬态反射率" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "pump-probe technology" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "near-infrared femtosecond laser" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "gold film" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "ultrafast electron dynamics" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "transient reflectivity" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "金属膜光学元件，特别是镀金膜光学元件在近红外波段具有较高的反射率、超宽的反射带宽、低色散和相对较高的损伤阈值等特性，被广泛应用于近红外飞秒激光系统中。然而，金膜的激光损伤阈值决定了激光，特别是飞秒激光的通量。历年来，众多研究人员研究了金膜中的超快电子动力学行为，以了解其飞秒激光损伤机理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5", "R6" ], "text": "1-6", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中，超快瞬态反射率光谱被认为是研究金膜中自由电子弛豫的有效方法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R7", "R8", "R9" ], "text": "7-9", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。金的带间跃迁阈值(ITT)为2.47 eV" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R10", "R11" ], "text": "10-11", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。根据以往的研究，利用波长490 nm的泵浦光研究金膜中的电子动力学行为，金膜的瞬态反射率与电子温度呈现简单的线性关系" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，490 nm左右的超快激光被广泛用于研究金的自由电子弛豫、温度弛豫、瞬态反射率变化和电子-声子耦合等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R11", "R12", "R13", "R14", "R15" ], "text": "11-15", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。此外，利用光电发射光谱技术等，研究人员发现飞秒激光作用下金膜中存在多光子跃迁过程" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R16", "R17", "R18" ], "text": "16-18", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。为了更好地研究金膜中的超快电子动力学过程，还需要利用飞秒激光对金膜中的自由电子弛豫和带间跃迁这两个过程开展研究。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文用800 nm飞秒激光作为泵浦光，利用泵浦探测技术对金膜中的超快电子动力学过程开展研究。利用800 nm飞秒泵浦光获得瞬态反射率光谱演化过程，研究了金膜内的自由电子弛豫和带间跃迁过程。这两种过程综合作用的结果使得金膜的瞬态反射率光谱存在一个下降过程。最后，利用双温模型模拟了800 nm飞秒激光作用下金膜的温度弛豫和瞬态反射率变化过程，理论计算结果与实验结果符合良好。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　实验" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "泵浦探测实验装置如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，该飞秒泵浦探测系统常用于探测不同样品的超快电子动力学等现象" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。实验所用的激光系统为商用钛蓝宝石飞秒激光系统(Coherent,Legend-USP)，激光工作波长800 nm，重复频率1 kHz，脉冲宽度35 fs。经过啁啾镜(群延迟色散(GDD)为-175 fs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")的色散补偿和光路传输系统后分成两束，分别作为泵浦光和探测光，聚焦入射到金膜表面。此时激光脉冲宽度展宽至100 fs。泵浦光和探测光在金膜样品表面的入射角可以调节，它们之间的延时通过延时装置产生。延时光路放置在由电机和驱动器组成的电动平移平台上，通过Labview编程实现精确调整，电动平移台的调整步长为15 μm，时间同步调整精度为1 fs。实验中，泵浦光先照射样品表面，经过一定的延时后，探测光再照射样品表面同样位置。泵浦探测信号通过一束光纤采集，用多色度计分散，并引导到128通道锁相放大器的光电探测器中。整个系统的光谱分辨率约为0.75 nm。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "泵浦探测实验装置图。CM:啁啾镜；VND:0.1 mm厚的可变中密度滤波器；BS:0.5 mm厚的分束器；PM:抛物面镜，反射焦距" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=101.6 mm;MLA:128通道锁相放大器；F1,F2:聚焦透镜，焦距" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=500 mm。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Pump-probe experiment device. CM: chirped mirror; VND: 0.1 mm thick variable medium density filter; BS: beam splitter with a thickness of 0.5 mm; PM: parabolic mirror, reflected focal length is 101.6 mm; MLA: 128-channel phase-locked amplifier; F1,F2: focusing lens, focal length is 500 mm." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123619&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123627&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123622&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　实验结果" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "金的电子结构是[Xe]5d" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "6s" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在金膜中，s/p带电子的能量范围很广，可以看作是近自由载流子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。费米能级距离d带电子的能级顶部2.47 eV，这被认为是金带间跃迁的能量阈值" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R10", "R11" ], "text": "10-11", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。波长800 nm(1.55 eV)飞秒激光入射金膜表面，当能量足够高时，s/p带的电子通过吸收光子能量跃迁成为自由电子，而d带的少量电子也会通过双光子吸收跃过费米能级成为自由电子。经过电子-电子弛豫和电子-声子弛豫，电子温度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "e" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的热平衡最终形成。在泵浦探测实验中，许多自由电子和一些束缚电子会被激发，当探测激光脉冲在电子完全弛豫之前到达金膜时会被吸收，因此反射的探测光比没有泵浦激励时反射的探测光弱。也就是说，我们可以通过探测光的瞬态反射率来测量金膜中的电子动力学过程。实验中泵浦光和探测光的脉冲能量分别调整到4 800 nJ和220 nJ左右，泵浦光的激光强度为61.115 mJ/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，低于金膜的激光诱导损伤阈值(LIDT)，不会对金膜造成永久性损伤。由于所用泵浦光的脉冲能量比探测光的脉冲能量大得多，探测光对瞬态反射率的影响可以忽略。实验中测量得到随延时改变的有泵浦光激发时金膜对信号光的瞬态反射率与无泵浦光激发时金膜对信号光的瞬态反射率的差值。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为金膜的瞬态反射率差值光谱。飞秒激光辐照使金膜的瞬态反射率在760~830 nm的波长范围内都有显著降低，且随着时间延迟的增加，金膜的瞬态反射率差值恢复到0。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是50~1 250 fs内的时间分辨反射率差值光谱。从图中可以看出，金膜瞬态反射率恢复的速度随时间的推移减慢，这里用指数函数来拟合实验结果。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)金膜瞬态反射率差值光谱随探测光延迟时间变化；(b)时间分辨反射率差值光谱，时间延迟探测范围为50～1 250 fs。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Transient reflectivity difference spectra of the gold film " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "versus" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " probe time delay. (b)Time-resolved reflectivity difference spectra, the detection range of delay time is 50-1 250 fs." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123631&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123637&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123633&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "　金膜中的电子-声子弛豫时间大于100 fs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",100 fs脉宽激光可用于研究电子与晶格之间的非平衡热分布的动力学过程。这里采用描述电子-电子弛豫和电子-声子弛豫的公式Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "=a" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123641&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123650&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123643&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+b" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123654&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123662&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123658&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+c" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")来拟合金膜的瞬态反射率差，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "表示电子-电子弛豫时间，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "表示电子-声子弛豫时间，结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "的4幅图分别为波长在767.4,778.5,791.0,820.8 nm时时间分辨的Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值与不同波长的指数函数拟合结果，函数与实验结果吻合较好。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的计算结果表明电子-电子弛豫时间在10 fs量级，电子-声子弛豫时间在100 fs量级，这与前期理论预测是一致的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，可以判断瞬态反射率差主要是由自由电子弛豫引起的。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)不同波长的实时Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值和不同波长的指数函数模拟实验结果；(b)不同波长" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "计算结果，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":电子-电子弛豫时间，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":电子-声子弛豫时间。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Real-time track Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " of different wavelengths and exponential function to simulate the experimental results of different wavelengths.(b)" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " calculation results of different wavelengths." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123666&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123673&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123669&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "飞秒激光更容易激发金中电子的非线性带间跃迁。800 nm(1.55 eV)飞秒激光可以引起金的双光子跃迁，一些研究报道了这一现象" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R16", "R17" ], "text": "16-17", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。当d带的电子从泵浦光中吸收光子成为激发态电子时，随后到达的探测光中的光子在建立新的平衡之前很容易被吸收。因此，金膜的瞬态反射率将比没有泵浦光时要低。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为不同能量泵浦激励下的平均反射率差值。从上到下4条不同颜色的曲线分别为泵浦光能量在2 500,3 500,4 500,5 500 nJ时，780~825 nm波长范围内有无泵浦光的平均Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "给出了不同功率泵浦激励下的泵浦能量比和反射率差比。若反射率差和泵浦能量存在线性关系，它们的比值应该等同于3条直线所表示的泵浦能量比，也即1.4,1.8,2.2。但通过对比我们发现，反射率差与泵浦能量并不是简单的线性关系。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "进一步描述了不同功率泵浦激励下的泵浦能量平方比和反射率差比。同样地，若反射率差和泵浦能量比的平方存在线性关系，它们的比值应该等同于3条直线所表示的泵浦能量比的平方，也即1.96,3.24,4.84。结合" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以发现，反射率随泵浦能量变化的比值介于一次方与二次方之间，这说明了非线性光学效应的存在。结合金的能带结构，我们可以得出金膜在800 nm飞秒激光作用下存在双光子跃迁并导致金膜的瞬态反射率降低的结论。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)不同泵浦能量激励下，泵浦脉冲从765～825 nm，前100 fs的平均反射率变化；(b)不同泵浦能量下反射率变化比与泵浦能量比的比较；(c)不同泵浦能量下反射率变化比与泵浦能量比平方的比较。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Average reflectivity difference of the first 100 fs under different energy pump excitation from 765 nm to 825 nm. (b)Comparison of reflectivity difference ratio and pump energy ratio under different energy pump excitation. (c)Comparison of reflectivity difference ratio and pump energy ratio square under different energy pump excitation." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123678&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123686&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123682&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　理论分析与讨论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了更好地阐述近飞秒激光作用下金膜的电子动力学，我们用双温模型(TTM)结合Drude-Lorentz模型模拟了800 nm飞秒激光作用下金膜的温度弛豫和瞬时反射率变化过程。此前，已经有很多研究者使用这些模型模拟不同波长和脉冲宽度的激光激发下金属的温度弛豫、瞬态反射率等光学特性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R23", "R24", "R25" ], "text": "23-25", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，但这些模拟也跟电子动力学现象的研究同步，主要包含自由电子热弛豫而很少涉及带间双光子跃迁。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "双温模型是描述亚皮秒激光对金属材料加热过程的热输运模型。根据该模型的描述，飞秒激光光子所携带的能量首先被金膜中的自由电子吸收，然后在自由电子系统中扩散和输运。经过皮秒量级的弛豫后，能量可以通过电子-声子弛豫有效地传输到晶格中，然后能量在晶格系统中扩散和传输。本文采用抛物两步模型(PTS)计算了金薄膜的电子和晶格的温度弛豫和瞬态反射率。抛物两步模型首先由Anisimov" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等提出，然后由Fujimoto" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "进一步发展，其表达式为" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123689&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123693&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123698&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123702&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123705&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123706&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为体积热容，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为温度，下标e和l代表电子和晶格；" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "κ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为导热系数，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "S" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为激光热源，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "G" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为电子晶格耦合系数。公式(1)为电子能量方程，描述了电子被光子加热的过程；公式(2)为晶格能量方程，描述了电子-声子耦合引起的晶格加热。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在高斯激光辐照下，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "S" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的表达式为" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(3)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123709&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123712&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123715&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为反射率，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为泵浦激光的峰值通量，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "p" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为激光脉宽，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "z" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "s" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为吸收深度。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "随温度变化的电子热导率为" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(4)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123719&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123721&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123724&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "e" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "=T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "e" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "/T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "l" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "=T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "l" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "/T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为费米温度，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "χ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为材料参数，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "η" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是一个常数。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "电子的热容表示为" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(5)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123728&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123731&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123734&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为室温，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "e0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为室温下的电子热容。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据Drude-Lorentz模型的推导计算，金膜的反射率可以表示为:" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(6)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123737&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123740&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123743&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF6" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别是复折射率" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123746&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123750&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123748&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的实数部分和虚数部分，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123752&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123756&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123754&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "=n" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "i" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "=" } ] }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123758&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123762&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123760&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "我们将金膜的介电常数分自由电子部分和束缚电子部分分别表示。因此，可将其介电常数表述为:" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ε=ε" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "+" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ε" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "b" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ε" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "表示自由电子部分，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ε" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "b" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "表示束缚电子部分" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R28", "R29", "R30" ], "text": "28-30", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(7)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123764&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123766&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123767&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF7" } }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(8)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123769&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123772&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123774&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF8" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为入射激光的频率，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "p" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为电子的等离子体频率，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "γ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "表示入射激光所导致的自由电子的碰撞频率，其他各项的含义为" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": 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"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123805&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123807&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF14" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结合双温模型可以计算出电子温度弛豫、晶格温度弛豫和瞬时反射率变化。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "模拟计算中用到的部分参数值" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Values of some parameters used in the calculation" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [], "body": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "e0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/(J·m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·K" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", 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], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6.42×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15.3" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0.16" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0.93" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.0×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-13" } ] } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ], "graphics": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123811&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123809&type=" } } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "利用近似和有限差分方法，我们计算了电子和晶格的温度弛豫和实时的Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为泵浦激发后电子和晶格温度弛豫的计算结果，可以看到，在有数据记录的初始时刻，电子温度高于晶格温度。这是由于电子间的热传导很快且先于晶格，电子和晶格间出现热的不平衡现象。随着时间的推移，电子温度下降，晶格温度升高，电子和晶格间通过热弛豫逐渐达到热平衡。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为金膜在800 nm处的实时反射率差值实验结果与计算结果的比较，可以看到我们得到的计算结果与实验结果基本一致。计算结果与实验结果之间的偏差是因为在Drude-Lorentz模型中忽略了价电子的恢复力，在抛物两步模型中忽略了泵浦光对晶格温度的影响以及温度对某些参数的影响，以及计算和测量精度有限等问题。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "泵浦光的脉冲能量为4 800 nJ时:(a)泵浦激发后电子和晶格温度弛豫的计算结果；(b)金膜在800 nm处的实时反射率差值实验结果与计算结果比较。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "When the pulse energy of pump laser is 4 800 nJ: (a)calculation of electron and lattice temperature relaxation after pump excitation; (b)comparison of the real-time reflectivity difference of the gold film with the calculated results at 800 nm." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123813&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123818&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=22123815&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结合实验数据和理论模型模拟结果，我们可以得出下述结论。在800 nm飞秒激光激发下，金膜中主要存在自由电子弛豫和带间双光子跃迁两种超快电子动力学现象。由于反射率随泵浦能量变化的比值介于一次方与二次方之间，虽然存在非线性光学效应，但是自由电子弛豫占据主导地位。在本文的实验条件下，800 nm飞秒激光入射金膜表面后，金膜中部分近自由电子吸收光子发生热弛豫，少量束缚电子通过带间双光子吸收跃迁成为自由电子，最终通过电子-电子弛豫和电子-声子弛豫形成高于初始电子温度的热平衡。入射的飞秒激光由于参与自由电子弛豫和带间双光子跃迁过程而导致能量损失，在本文的实验结果中表现为瞬时反射率的下降过程。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文在低于金膜的激光诱导损伤阈值的泵浦能量下，对800 nm飞秒激光作用下金膜中的超快电子动力学现象进行了研究。若泵浦能量高于金膜的激光诱导损伤阈值，薄膜就会被损伤，从而无法得到可重复的实验数据。当泵浦激光能量增强，金膜中双光子跃迁发生的概率也会增加。本文的研究完善了800 nm飞秒激光作用下金膜中的超快电子动力学现象，也有助于更好地研究金膜的飞秒激光损伤问题。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5　结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文用超快泵浦探测技术探测了金膜在800 nm飞秒激光作用下的瞬态反射率光谱变化过程，并分析了金膜中的超快电子动力学现象。我们发现在800 nm飞秒激光作用下，金膜中自由电子弛豫和带间双光子跃迁这两种电子动力学行为的综合作用导致了瞬态反射率的下降过程。我们还用双温模型模拟计算了金膜中的温度弛豫和瞬时反射率差值，得到的理论计算结果与实验结果基本一致。本文首次利用飞秒激光对金膜中的自由电子弛豫和带间双光子跃迁这两个过程同时开展研究，有助于更好地研究金膜中超快电子动力学过程和金膜的激光损伤问题。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址:http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20210262." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献:" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "CHEN J K" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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