钙钛矿发光-光电器件中的光谱调控

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿发光-光电器件中的光谱调控" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Spectra Control of Perovskite Luminescence and Optoelectronic Devices" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "宋", "givenname": "宏伟", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "SONG", "givenname": "Hong-wei", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor2", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mail: songhw@jlu.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mail: songhw@jlu.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "宋宏伟(1967-)，男，黑龙江阿城人，吉林大学电子科学与工程学院/集成光电子国家重点联合实验室教授，博士研究生导师;中科院百人计划(2000年)、国家杰出青年基金获得者(2009年)、吉林省第三批省管高级专家(2011年)，领衔的“微纳信息材料与器件创新团队”入选国家重点领域创新团队(2017年)，第四批国家万人计划领军人才(2018年)。现担任中国颗粒学会发光专业委员会副主任、中国物理学会发光分会委员、中国稀土学会发光专业委员会委员,Nanomaterials,Journal of Nanosciences and Reports,Scientific Report,Current Chinese Science,《发光学报》等学术期刊编委，高等学校优秀科研成果奖、 国家自然科学奖会评专家。主要从事稀土发光材料、光电子材料与器件的研究。代表性成果:首次实现了钙钛矿纳米晶中稀土离子的掺杂，获得了量子效率接近200%的量子剪裁发光材料，利用其作为荧光转换层应用于晶硅电池，使电池的光电转换效率提高3~4个百分点，相对提高20%，为Science亮点报道，并被评价为近年来最激动人心的工作之一。 迄今在Adv. 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Mater., Nano Letters., Light: Sci. & Appl.等国际重要学术期刊发表SCI论文360余篇，撰写英文专著2章，累计SCI他引12 000多次,H因子60,2014—2020年连续入选中国高倍引学者榜单。获国家自然科学二等奖、吉林省自然科学一等奖、吉林省科技进步一等奖、高等学校优秀科研成果自然科学二等奖等学术奖励。E-mail: songhw@jlu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349991&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349992&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349993&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "宋宏伟" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1967-)，男，黑龙江阿城人，吉林大学电子科学与工程学院/集成光电子国家重点联合实验室教授，博士研究生导师;中科院百人计划(2000年)、国家杰出青年基金获得者(2009年)、吉林省第三批省管高级专家(2011年)，领衔的“微纳信息材料与器件创新团队”入选国家重点领域创新团队(2017年)，第四批国家万人计划领军人才(2018年)。现担任中国颗粒学会发光专业委员会副主任、中国物理学会发光分会委员、中国稀土学会发光专业委员会委员," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Nanomaterials" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Journal of Nanosciences and Reports" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Scientific Report" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Current Chinese Science" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",《发光学报》等学术期刊编委，高等学校优秀科研成果奖、 国家自然科学奖会评专家。主要从事稀土发光材料、光电子材料与器件的研究。代表性成果:首次实现了钙钛矿纳米晶中稀土离子的掺杂，获得了量子效率接近200%的量子剪裁发光材料，利用其作为荧光转换层应用于晶硅电池，使电池的光电转换效率提高3~4个百分点，相对提高20%，为" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Science" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "亮点报道，并被评价为近年来最激动人心的工作之一。 迄今在" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Adv. 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Mater., Light: Sci. & Appl., Nano Lett., Angew. Chem., Nano Today., Adv. Funct. Mater., ACS Nano, Nano Energy等学术期刊发表SCI论文60篇，其中IF>10.0论文20余篇，总引用4 000余次;申请/授权专利8项。E-mail:wen_xu@jlu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349994&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349995&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349996&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "徐文" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1986-)，男，四川眉山人，吉林大学电子科学与工程学院副教授，博士研究生导师;2014年于吉林大学获得博士学位,2015—2016年，南洋理工大学博士后,2016—2018年，东京工业大学JSPS博士后研究员。目前主要从事稀土掺杂纳米材料的发光调控及光电器件应用研究。承担国家自然科学基金和省部级项目多项，获吉林省自然科学一等奖，受邀在国际国内会议上做邀请报告20多次。以第一/通讯作者在" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Adv. 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" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Mater." } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ACS Nano" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Nano Energy" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等学术期刊发表SCI论文60篇，其中IF" }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "10.0论文20余篇，总引用4 000余次;申请/授权专利8项。E-mail:" }, { "name": "text", "data": "wen_xu@jlu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "wen_xu@jlu.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "吉林大学电子科学与工程学院　集成光电子学国家重点联合实验室，吉林 　 长春 　 130012", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "吉林大学电子科学与工程学院　集成光电子学国家重点联合实验室，吉林 　 长春 　 130012" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "尽管钙钛矿材料在发光与光电器件等领域的研究发展迅速，但依然面临着如何突破极限效率、提高稳定性以及拓展新的应用空间等关键问题。近年来，本文作者围绕如何拓展钙钛矿材料与器件的光谱响应范围这一主题，在稀土掺杂、有机异质结杂化等方面进行了独特的探索，并取得了一些标识性的成果。作者近期接受了Light人物专访，本文是在此基础上整理出来的，希望与大家分享一些经验与见解。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Although the research of perovskite materials in the fields of luminescence and optoelectronic devices has developed rapidly, there are still some key issues, such as how to break through the limit efficiency, improve stability and expand new applications. In recent years, the author of this article has made unique explorations in rare-earth doping and hybridization of organic heterojunctions around the theme of how to expand the spectral response range of perovskite materials and devices, and has achieved some iconic results. The author recently accepted a special interview with " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Light" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Science & Applications." } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " This article is sorted out on this basis, hoping to share some experience and opinions with you." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土离子" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "光谱调控" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "太阳能电池" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "光电二极管" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "光电探测器" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "perovskite" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "rare earth ions" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "spectra control" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "solar cell" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "photodiode" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "photodetector" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引言——经历决定选择" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "自1991年读研究生开始，我就跟从我的导师中国科学院长春物理研究所虞家琪教授进行稀土离子光谱物理方面的研究。具体来说，就是利用一些稀土离子在多晶材料中的室温光谱烧孔特征，进行频域光存储。而后在中国科学院物理研究所期间跟随叶佩玄教授进行了2年光折变非线性光学方面的研究，在日本和美国做博士后时继续开展光谱烧孔方面的研究，分别进行玻璃材料的光谱烧孔以及利用红外光谱烧孔研究分子的振动与转动。这一烧就是8年，一直到烧出天边的残霞，一直到我2000年回国做百人计划学者之后，还想一直烧下去，烧出个朗朗乾坤。当时的设想是利用光谱烧孔研究玻璃中二能级系统的光谱扩散问题。但受到实验条件的限制(极端低温、环染激光)，只好作别西天的云彩。一个朋友临出国时送给我一些Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶，自此我才走上研究稀土离子掺杂纳米材料发光的道路。我在2003年就开始研究稀土纳米晶材料中的上转换发光，应该是国内做得最早的，后来主要致力于上转换发光中局域电磁场调控方面的研究。谁曾想上转换发光这玩意后来火了，尤其是生物应用，一直火到现在也不降温!" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "我是真的有点疲倦了，就想转到新兴的钙钛矿发光、光电材料和器件这个领域凑个热闹。但即便是凑热闹，咱也不能把自己彻底弄丢了呀，所以在进行学术方向规划的时候，首先想到的是将钙钛矿发光、光电材料与器件方面的研究，与稀土离子的发光以及光谱调控进行结合，拓展发光与光电器件的响应范围。就这样，在这个交叉的地带挖掘到了一点儿东西。应《发光学报》郝振东副主编之约，把自己的一些经验与观点整理出来，于是有了下文。观点不够成熟，敬请批评指正。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　钙钛矿太阳能电池的光谱调控" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "截止到2021年4月，经过认证的钙钛矿太阳能单结电池的最佳光电转换效率已达到25.5%，而钙钛矿与单晶硅叠层电池的效率已经超过了29%，可以说取得了飞速的发展" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2" ], "text": "1-2", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。 现在制约钙钛矿电池产业化的首要问题已经不是光电转换效率问题，而是钙钛矿电池的长时稳定性以及制备与使用成本问题。由于钙钛矿材料在水、氧以及紫外光照等条件下存在严重的降解，使得器件的使用寿命受到了很大的限制" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。国家重点研发计划“可再生能源与氢能技术”支持了“万小时工作寿命的钙钛矿太阳电池关键技术”，可见解决钙钛矿电池寿命问题对于实际应用是多么的迫切和重要。 以往我们在解决钙钛矿电池寿命问题方面的研究主要集中在如下3个方面:一是通过荧光转换的方法把太阳能谱中的紫外光转换成可见光，提高太阳能电池的光照稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R4", "R5", "R6" ], "text": "4-6", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "; 二是利用稀土离子和过渡金属掺杂等手段，提高钙钛矿材料的容忍因子与结构稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R7", "R8" ], "text": "7-8", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "; 三是在钙钛矿电池中通过载流子修饰层的设计如引入疏水结构，提高器件的抗水性能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R9", "R10" ], "text": "9-10", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。 迄今我们所报道的电池光电转换效率为22.16%，长时使用寿命可达到 5 000 h。在提高钙钛矿电池光电转换效率的研究方面，我们一直致力于通过拓展其光谱响应范围到红外区域来实现这一目标。一种方法是利用荧光上转换将传统钙钛矿材料难于利用的红外光转换为可见光，再被钙钛矿电池利用。但是这种方法受上转换材料发光效率与吸收截面的限制，目前只能在聚光电池中实现。另外一种方法是在钙钛矿电池中引入具有红外响应的有机异质结，拓展光谱响应范围" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。目前，我们可以将这种叠层电池的光谱范围拓展到1 100 nm，光电转换效率做到21.55%。这虽然达到了目前p-i-n型电池研究的最好水平，但是受诸多因素的限制，还不是一个理想的结果。理想的结果至少要超过单结钙钛矿电池的效率。应该说，这种电池的理念是先进的，但是前进的路途之中还有很多问题需要解决。在未来，钙钛矿与有机异质结的叠层结构很有可能是除硅与钙钛矿叠层电池之外的另一种十分重要的叠层电池，因为其不仅可能突破钙钛矿单结电池的效率极限，还在柔性与可穿戴器件方面具有显著优势。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　稀土掺杂钙钛矿量子点的发光调控" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1　量子剪裁发光" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子剪裁发光是上世纪70年代提出的一个物理概念，它是指在高能光子激发下，发光物质由高能态经由中间态(实或虚的能态)级联发射两个光子的非线性发光过程，理论上的发光量子效率可以达到200%" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。最初的研究驱动力主要来自寻找高效率的无汞荧光照明材料和PDP显示材料。上世纪90年代有科学家提出将量子剪裁发光(主要是Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的1 000 nm发光)应用于晶硅电池，提高其光电转换效率，这一领域的研究一直持续到新世纪。但是以往的研究一直没有发现一种可以实用化的理想材料，其主要原因就是人们一直企图利用稀土离子间的能量传递过程(如Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")来实现这一目标，而这会受到稀土离子4f-4f跃迁吸收截面小、谱带窄的制约。我们最早在2011—2014年间开展了Bi" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "间剪裁发光的研究" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R13", "R14" ], "text": "13-14", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，但当时没有找到解决问题的策略。我们在2017年实现了CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "量子点中稀土离子的掺杂" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其具有吸收截面高、声子能量低、能带与Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "匹配的优点。这种稀土掺杂的钙钛矿量子点可以将紫外到蓝光区域(300450 nm)的光子高效地转换到晶硅电池的理想响应区域，成功避免了热效应所造成的电池能量损失，可使电池光电转换效率相对提高20%" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其远远超越其他的荧光转换技术，堪与叠层电池技术相媲美，而方法更为简单低廉、颇具实用性。正如在继我们工作后进行了大量相关探索的美国华盛顿大学Gamelin教授在《科学》杂志(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Science" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",doi:10.1126/science.aax6503)的专题中说道:“For solar energy conversion, this combination of materials is almost exactly what you want” 。正因为如此，钙钛矿研究领域的权威科学家斯坦福大学McGehee 教授评论说:“This is one of the most exciting results I've seen in a long time”。此外，我们还将这种高效的量子剪裁发光材料用于大幅度提高硅探测器紫外-蓝光处的响应(EQE达到70%)，实现了硅探测器在2001 100 nm范围内的高灵敏响应" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。我个人认为，这样一种近乎完美的荧光转换材料与技术，如果被埋没在实验室里弃之不用是非常可惜的。我在这里呼吁这一研究要引起政府、资本和光伏产业界的重视，在多方共同努力下尽快将其推向产业化。如果不具备这样的战略眼光，虽然我们是原创，也会逐渐被美国超越(Gamelin 研究组从跟踪我们的结果到引起美国学界商界瞩目、获奖、获基金资助乃至注册公司，只用了短短1年半的时间)。如果说挑战，这就是我们当前所面临的最大挑战。当然，我们在产业化的道路上，还会面临如何解决材料稳定性，如何实现大规模、大面积和低成本制备等问题，但这些不过是前进道路中的一些荆棘而已。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2　电致发光" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "过去一直有观点认为，稀土离子不太适合作为电致发光材料。这其中最主要的原因是稀土离子的发光主要来自4f-4f跃迁，自发辐射速率小、发光寿命长。在电场作用下，由于注入的载流子与晶格间的不断碰撞，会导致材料的非辐射跃迁过程加剧，从而引起稀土离子的发光猝灭。2020年，我们以CsPbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "量子点为发光层，采取一种反型结构，初步实现了钙钛矿中稀土离子Sm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的电致发光，且其发光颜色可以由红光到白光进行有效调控" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这项工作为量子点发光二极管(QLED)照明与显示这一领域提供了通过掺杂获得不同颜色和稳定发光的新思考。 考虑到稀土离子具有丰富的跃迁，尤其是在近红外与中红外区域的跃迁，如Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Tm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等，是钙钛矿本体材料所难于企及的。而这些发射波长恰好在光通迅的窗口，如果能实现有效的电致发光，无疑会产生非常重要的应用价值。 钙钛矿掺杂稀土材料的电致发光，目前还面临两大困难:第一个困难是钙钛矿材料电致发光的共性问题——稳定性差，尤其是解决在电场作用下的离子迁移所引起的器件失效问题，是一个巨大的挑战;第二个困难就是稀土离子特有的辐射跃迁速率低的问题。事实上，回顾一下比QLED发展更早的有机电致发光的发展历史，我们不难发现，在早期工作中，稀土配合物和贵金属配合物材料的电致发光研究是并驾齐驱的，甚至稀土配合物电致发光更受青睐，因为其发射谱线更窄，具有更高的显示色纯度。但是，因为其辐射跃迁速率低的问题，使得其在发光效率、亮度等方面逐渐与贵金属配合物拉开了距离。在稀土掺杂钙钛矿材料的电致发光中，这一问题仍然存在且不容忽视。那么如何解决这一问题呢?事实上，近10多年来表面等离子体物理与微腔结构设计制备等领域的研究取得了飞速的发展，我们可以借助这方面的成果，通过局域光场调控来提高稀土离子的辐射跃迁速率，从而解决其自身辐射跃迁速率低和电场作用下荧光猝灭的问题。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　钙钛矿光电探测器的光谱调控" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土离子具有丰富的种类、丰富的能级并产生了丰富的跃迁，从深紫外区域一直到中红外区域。利用稀土离子与钙钛矿等半导体光电材料的耦合，在光电探测方面可能产生很多意想不到的结果。例如，利用具有4f-5d跃迁的稀土离子如Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Pr" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与钙钛矿等半导体材料在高能态的耦合，可以发展新的具有超强的日盲区深紫外探测能力乃至超强的高能射线探测能力的光电探测器或者高能闪烁体探测器。利用稀土离子丰富的红外跃迁以及其与一些新兴光电材料的耦合(如Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Ho" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Tm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等)，也可以研发出许多新型的特殊波段窄谱带红外光电探测器，在军事与国防领域产生重要应用。比如我们利用级联效应使得稀土上转换发光提高了4个数量级;通过上转换纳米晶的核壳结构设计并进一步与钙钛矿结合实现了多波长的窄带近红外探测;采用频率调制激发实现了波长的选择性探测" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R19", "R20" ], "text": "19-20", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这种设计和调控策略可以推广到其他稀土发光体系，为开发选择性窄带光电探测材料提供新的思路。此外，我们在Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Tm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "共掺杂的CsPbF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "量子点中实现了980 nm激发下光电的直接转换，探测灵敏度与同类型相比提高了两个数量级" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。稀土是我国重要的战略资源，也是我们重要的研究宝库。 随着传统研究领域的饱和以及信息时代的来临，未来稀土研究与应用开发的重心，很有可能从传统的磁学、光学领域逐步转向光电领域。在此，希望我们青年一代的稀土研究者抓住机遇，走出固化思维，勇敢前行，向未知的领域进军。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5　我对科研的一点儿感悟" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "芸芸大千,“我”在哪里? 这是每一个“我”都该思考的问题。莽莽森林里，如果盲目地跟从别人，可能会找不到回家的路。我想做科学研究也有同样的道理。在我们选择学术方向的时候，找到相关领域的“热点”很容易，但是要知道，仅仅学会追逐热点又是远远不够的。我们也要时时问自己:“我”在哪里?这是一个从寻找自我到发现自我、最终融入自我的全过程。只有学会与自我对话，才能让世界倾听到“我”的声音。我思想，故我是蝴蝶，万年后小花的轻忽，透过无梦无醒的云雾，来震撼我斑斓的羽翼。(摘自戴望舒《我思想》)" } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献:" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", 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