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1.长春理工大学 高功率半导体激光国家重点实验室, 吉林 长春 130022
2.中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 光学系统先进制造全国重点实验室, 吉林 长春 130033
[ "孙松伟(1996-),男,河南开封人,硕士研究生,2020年于长春理工大学光电信息学院获得学士学位,主要从事硅基光电集成的研究。 E-mail: sun1317381051@163.com" ]
[ "石琳琳(1988-),女,吉林长春人,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师,2016年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位,主要从事新型半导体激光器器件及热管理技术的研究。 E-mail: shilinlin@cust.edu.cn" ]
收稿日期:2024-12-24,
修回日期:2025-01-14,
纸质出版日期:2025-04-25
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孙松伟,石琳琳,马超等.1 550 nm VCSEL硅基光电集成变迹光栅耦合器设计及入射角方向性优化研究[J].发光学报,2025,46(04):730-741.
SUN Songwei,SHI Linlin,MA Chao,et al.Design and Incident Angle Directionality Optimization of A Tapered Grating Coupler for 1 550 nm VCSEL-based Silicon Photonic Integration[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2025,46(04):730-741.
孙松伟,石琳琳,马超等.1 550 nm VCSEL硅基光电集成变迹光栅耦合器设计及入射角方向性优化研究[J].发光学报,2025,46(04):730-741. DOI: 10.37188/CJL.20240342. CSTR: 32170. 14. CJL. 20240342.
SUN Songwei,SHI Linlin,MA Chao,et al.Design and Incident Angle Directionality Optimization of A Tapered Grating Coupler for 1 550 nm VCSEL-based Silicon Photonic Integration[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2025,46(04):730-741. DOI: 10.37188/CJL.20240342. CSTR: 32170. 14. CJL. 20240342.
为了打破均匀光栅对称结构的限制,进一步提高硅基光电集成片上光源的耦合效率。本研究提出基于绝缘衬底上硅结构的高效递进式光栅耦合器的设计,适用于垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)键合到硅光子集成电路,降低了VCSEL光电集成对键合角度的工艺难度要求。该方法通过同时改变光栅的周期和占空比,并优化光栅的刻蚀深度,实现了对布拉格条件的调整,使衍射场分布与高斯场分布更为匹配。此外,还优化设计周期与占空比为定值的均匀光栅耦合器和周期固定、占空比改变的前端渐进式光栅耦合器两种结构。作为对比验证了递进式光栅耦合器设计的有效性,在提升耦合效率的同时,增加了VCSEL入射角倾角的耦合方向性,使VCSEL器件耦合方向更为灵活。数值仿真结果显示,设计的均匀光栅、前端渐进式光栅、递进式光栅的最高耦合效率分别达到54.62%(-2.63 dB)、60.18%(-2.21 dB)、64.55%(-1.90 dB)。得益于设计的优化,该结构对光源入射倾角具有6°~21°的容差范围,大幅降低了实验工艺的难度。通过数值计算结果证明了该方法的可靠性,同时也展现了在不使用背反射镜的情况下,基于硅基异质集成结构能实现高达64.55%(-1.90 dB)耦合效率和大入射角度容差的潜力。实验结果表明,在1 500~1 600 nm波段范围内设计的光栅耦合器在光纤不同入射角度测试中,对不同的入射角均具有较高的耦合效率,具有更好的耦合方向性。
To overcome the limitations of symmetric uniform grating structures and enhance the coupling efficiency of on-chip light sources in silicon-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs), this study proposes a high-efficiency progressive grating coupler based on a silicon-on-insulator platform. This design is specifically suited for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) bonded to silicon photonic ICs, reducing the technical challenges associated with bonding angle alignment. The method involves simultaneous adjustments to the grating period and duty cycle, along with optimization of etching depth, to better align the diffracted field with the Gaussian beam profile by refining the Bragg condition. To compare performance, uniform grating couplers with fixed periods and duty cycles, as well as front-end progressive grating couplers with fixed periods and varying duty cycles, are also studied.Results validate the progressive grating superior performance, achieving coupling efficiencies of 54.62% (-2.63 dB) for the uniform grating, 60.18% (-2.21 dB) for the front-end progressive grating, and 64.55% (-1.90 dB) for the proposed progressive design. The optimized structure demonstrates an angular tolerance of 6°-21° for the incident light source, significantly easing fabrication challenges. The study confirms that the heterogeneous integration structure can achieve coupling efficiencies as high as 64.55% (-1.90 dB) without requiring a back reflector, while maintaining a wide angular tolerance. Experimental results further reveal high coupling efficiency across the 1 500-1 600 nm wavelength range and consistent performance across varying fiber incident angles, highlighting the design’s practicality and robustness for real-world applications.
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