LI X, WANG G K, DING X L, et al. A “turn-on” fluorescent sensor for detection of Pb2+ based on graphene oxide and G-quadruplex DNA [J].Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15(31): 12800-12804.

LI M, ZHOU X J, GUO S W, et al. Detection of lead (Ⅱ) with a “turn-on” fluorescent biosensor based on energy transfer from CdSe/ZnS quantum dots to graphene oxide [J].Biosens. Bioelectron., 2013, 43: 69-74.

CHEN H Q, REN J C. Sensitive determination of chromium (Ⅵ) based on the inner filter effect of upconversion luminescent nanoparticles (NaYF4∶Yb3+, Er3+) [J].Talanta, 2012, 99: 404-408.

XU X Y, RAY R, GU Y L, et al. Electrophoretic analysis and purification of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube fragments [J].J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126(40): 12736-12737.

SUN X C, LEI Y. Fluorescent carbon dots and their sensing applications [J].TrAC Trends Analyt. Chem., 2017, 89: 163-180.

YANG M X, TANG Q L, MENG Y, et al. Reversible “Off-On” fluorescence of Zn2+-passivated carbon dots: mechanism and potential for the detection of EDTA and Zn2+ [J].Langmuir, 2018, 34(26): 7767-7775.

MA N, JIANG W T, LI T, et al. Fluorescence aggregation assay for the protein biomarker mucin 1 using carbon dot-labeled antibodies and aptamers [J].Microchim. Acta, 2015, 182(1-2): 443-447.

XIA Y K, WANG L L, LI J, et al. A ratiometric fluorescent bioprobe based on carbon dots and acridone derivate for signal amplification detection exosomal microRNA [J].Anal. Chem., 2018, 90(15): 8969-8976.

NAVANI N K, LI Y F. Nucleic acid aptamers and enzymes as sensors [J].Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2006, 10(3): 272-281.

MAJDINASAB M, MISHRA R K, TANG X Q, et al. Detection of antibiotics in food: new achievements in the development of biosensors [J].TrAC Trends Anal. Chem., 2020, 127: 115883.

HOLZINGER M, LE GOFF A, COSNIER S. Nanomaterials for biosensing applications: a review [J].Front. Chem., 2014, 2: 63.

SUN Y P, ZHOU B, LIN Y, et al. Quantum-sized carbon dots for bright and colorful photoluminescence [J].J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128(24): 7756-7757.

孙海珠, 杨国夺, 杨柏. 碳点的设计合成、结构调控及应用[J].高等学校化学学报, 2021, 42(2): 349-365.

SUN H Z, YANG G D, YANG B. Synthesis, structure control and applications of carbon dots [J].Chem. J. Chin. Univ., 2021, 42(2): 349-365. (in Chinese)

ZHU S J, SONG Y B, ZHAO X H, et al. The photoluminescence mechanism in carbon dots(graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots): current state and future perspective [J].Nano Res., 2015, 8(2): 355-381.

HU S L, NIU K Y, SUN J, et al. One-step synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles by laser irradiation [J].J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19(4): 484-488.

ZHOU J G, BOOKER C, LI R Y, et al. An electrochemical avenue to blue luminescent nanocrystals from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) [J].J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129(4): 744-745.

LI H T, HE X D, KANG Z H, et al. Water-soluble fluorescent carbon quantum dots and photocatalyst design [J].Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2010, 49(26): 4430-4434.

ZHU S J, ZHANG J H, QIAO C Y, et al. Strongly green-photoluminescent graphene quantum dots for bioimaging applications [J].Chem. Commun., 2011, 47(24): 6858-6860.

PAN D Y, ZHANG J C, LI Z, et al. Hydrothermal route for cutting graphene sheets into blue-luminescent graphene quantum dots [J].Adv. Mater., 2010, 22(6): 734-738.

WANG X, CAO L, YANG S T, et al. Bandgap-like strong fluorescence in functionalized carbon nanoparticles [J].Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2010, 49(31): 5310-5314.

ZHU S J, MENG Q N, WANG L, et al. Highly photoluminescent carbon dots for multicolor patterning, sensors, and bioimaging [J].Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52(14): 3953-3957.

TAO S Y, FENG T L, ZHENG C Y, et al. Carbonized polymer dots: a brand new perspective to recognize luminescent carbon-based nanomaterials [J].J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2019, 10(17): 5182-5188.

LIU J J, GENG Y J, LI D W, et al. Deep red emissive carbonized polymer dots with unprecedented narrow full width at half maximum [J].Adv. Mater., 2020, 32(17): 1906641-1-9.

JIANG K, SUN S, ZHANG L, et al. Red, green, and blue luminescence by carbon dots: full-color emission tuning and multicolor cellular imaging [J].Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2015, 54(18): 5360-5363.

MIAO X, QU D, YANG D X, et al. Synthesis of carbon dots with multiple color emission by controlled graphitization and surface functionalization [J].Adv. Mater., 2018, 30(1): 1704740-1-8.

HUANG J J, RONG M Z, ZHANG M Q. Preparation of graphene oxide and polymer-like quantum dots and their one-and two-photon induced fluorescence properties [J].Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18(6): 4800-4806.

SHAO J R, ZHU S J, LIU H W, et al. Full-color emission polymer carbon dots with quench-resistant solid-state fluorescence [J].Adv. Sci., 2017, 4(12): 1700395-1-8.

LIU R L, WU D Q, LIU S H, et al. An aqueous route to multicolor photoluminescent carbon dots using silica spheres as carriers [J].Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009, 48(25): 4598-4601.

GU Z G, LI D J, ZHENG C, et al. MOF-templated synthesis of ultrasmall photoluminescent carbon-nanodot arrays for optical applications [J].Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2017, 56(24): 6853-6858.

LIU J J, LI R, YANG B. Carbon dots: a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial with wide applications [J].ACS Cent. Sci., 2020, 6(12): 2179-2195.

XIA C L, ZHU S J, FENG T L, et al. Evolution and synthesis of carbon dots: from carbon dots to carbonized polymer dots [J].Adv. Sci., 2019, 6(23): 1901316-1-23.

乐妲, 冯唐略, 杨柏. 碳化聚合物点的核壳结构与功能[J].高分子学报, 2021, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21105http://doi.org/10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21105.

YUE D, FENG T L, YANG B. The core-shell structure and functionality of carbonized polymer dots [J].Acta Polym. Sinica, 2021, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21105http://doi.org/10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21105. (in Chinese)

刘艳红, 张东旭, 毛宝东, 等. 从量子点的角度审视碳点的研究进展[J].化学学报, 2020, 78(12): 1349-1365.

LIU Y H, ZHANG D X, MAO B D, et al. Progress in carbon dots from the perspective of quantum dots [J].Acta Chim. Sinica, 2020, 78(12): 1349-1365. (in Chinese)

TAO S Y, LU S Y, GENG Y J, et al. Design of metal-free polymer carbon dots: a new class of room-temperature phosphorescent materials [J].Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2018, 57(9): 2393-2398.

徐佳辉, 董晨, 丁海贞, 等. 余辉碳点材料的合成、发光机理和应用[J].发光学报, 2020, 41(12): 1567-1578.

XU J H, DONG C, DING H Z, et al. Synthesis, luminescence mechanism and applications of carbon dots with afterglow [J].Chin. J. Lumin., 2020, 41(12): 1567-1578. (in Chinese)

刘俊, 张熙荣, 熊焕明. 荧光碳点在指纹检测中的应用[J].发光学报, 2021, doi: 10.37188/CJL.20200334http://doi.org/10.37188/CJL.20200334.

LIU J, ZHANG X R, XIONG H M. Application of fluorescent carbon dots in fingerprint detection [J].Chin. J. Lumin., 2021, doi: 10.37188/CJL.20200334http://doi.org/10.37188/CJL.20200334. (in Chinese)

张震, 曲丹, 安丽, 等. 荧光碳点的制备、发光机理及应用[J].发光学报, 2021, doi: 10.37188/CJL.20210061http://doi.org/10.37188/CJL.20210061.

ZHANG Z, QU D, AN L, et al. Preparation, luminescence mechanism and application of fluorescent carbon dots [J].Chin. J. Lumin., 2021, doi: 10.37188/CJL.20210061http://doi.org/10.37188/CJL.20210061. (in Chinese)

ELLINGTON A D, SZOSTAK J W. In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands [J].Nature, 1990, 346(6287): 818-822.

TUERK C, GOLD L. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase [J].Science, 1990, 249(4968): 505-510.

SONG S P, WANG L H, LI J, et al. Aptamer-based biosensors [J].TrAC Trends Anal. Chem., 2008, 27(2): 108-117.

KIM Y S, RASTON N H A, GU M B. Aptamer-based nanobiosensors [J].Biosens. Bioelectron., 2016, 76: 2-19.

WANG X Y, JIANG X, ZHANG Z H, et al. A fluorescence and resonance Rayleigh scattering di-model probe was developed for trace K+ coupled N-doped carbon dot and aptamer [J].J. Lumin., 2019, 214: 116559.

LI Z, NI Y N, KOKOT S. A new fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dot system modified by the fluorophore-labeled ssDNA for the analysis of 6-mercaptopurine and Hg (Ⅱ) [J].Biosens. Bioelectron., 2015, 74: 91-97.

QIAN Z S, SHAN X Y, CHAI L J, et al. A fluorescent nanosensor based on graphene quantum dots-aptamer probe and graphene oxide platform for detection of lead (Ⅱ) ion [J].Biosens. Bioelectron., 2015, 68: 225-231.

SABERI Z, REZAEI B, KHAYAMIAN T. A fluorescent aptasensor for analysis of adenosine triphosphate based on aptamer-magnetic nanoparticles and its single-stranded complementary DNA labeled carbon dots [J].Luminescence, 2018, 33(4): 640-646.

HUANG J Y, LI F L, GUO R B, et al. A signal-on ratiometric fluorometric heparin assay based on the direct interaction between amino-modified carbon dots and DNA [J].Microchim. Acta, 2018, 185(5): 260-1-9.

SINGH N K, CHAKMA B, JAIN P, et al. Protein-induced fluorescence enhancement based detection of Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase using carbon dot coupled specific aptamer [J].ACS Comb. Sci., 2018, 20(6): 350-357.

SHI M L, CEN Y, SOHAIL M, et al. Aptamer based fluorometric β-lactoglobulin assay based on the use of magnetic nanoparticles and carbon dots [J].Microchim. Acta, 2018, 185(1): 40-1-8.

GUO Y, ZHANG J C, ZHANG W H, et al. Green fluorescent carbon quantum dots functionalized with polyethyleneimine, and their application to aptamer-based determination of thrombin and ATP [J].Microchim. Acta, 2019, 186(11): 717-1-8.

WANG R J, XU Y, ZHANG T, et al. Rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium using aptamer-conjugated carbon dots as fluorescence probe [J].Anal. Methods, 2015, 7(5): 1701-1706.

LEE C H, RAJENDRAN R, JEONG M S, et al. Bioimaging of targeting cancers using aptamer-conjugated carbon nanodots[J].Chem. Commun., 2013, 49(58): 6543-6545.

XU W, XUE X J, LI T H, et al. Ultrasensitive and selective colorimetric DNA detection by nicking endonuclease assisted nanoparticle amplification [J].Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009, 48(37): 6849-6852.

SONG G T, CHEN C E, REN J S, et al. A simple, universal colorimetric assay for endonuclease/methyltransferase activity and inhibition based on an enzyme-responsive nanoparticle system [J].ACS Nano, 2009, 3(5): 1183-1189.

DONG H F, GAO W C, YAN F, et al. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between quantum dots and graphene oxide for sensing biomolecules [J].Anal. Chem., 2010, 82(13): 5511-5517.

QADDARE S H, SALIMI A. Amplified fluorescent sensing of DNA using luminescent carbon dots and AuNPs/GO as a sensing platform: a novel coupling of FRET and DNA hybridization for homogeneous HIV-1 gene detection at femtomolar level [J].Biosens. Bioelectron., 2017, 89: 773-780.

WANG C K, TAN R, CHEN D. Fluorescence method for quickly detecting ochratoxin A in flour and beer using nitrogen doped carbon dots and silver nanoparticles [J].Talanta, 2018, 182: 363-370.

XIANG W W, ZHANG Z J, WENG W Q, et al. Highly sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen using copper-free click chemistry on the surface of azide cofunctionalized graphene oxide [J].Anal. Chim. Acta, 2020, 1127: 156-162.

QIAN Z S, SHAN X Y, CHAI L J, et al. DNA nanosensor based on biocompatible graphene quantum dots and carbon nanotubes [J].Biosens. Bioelectron., 2014, 60: 64-70.

WANG X M, CHEN C, CHEN Y F, et al. Detection of dibutyl phthalate in food samples by fluorescence ratio immunosensor based on dual-emission carbon quantum dot labelled aptamers [J].Food Agric. Immunol., 2020, 31(1): 813-826.

WANG X, XU G H, WEI F D, et al. Highly sensitive and selective aptasensor for detection of adenosine based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer from carbon dots to nano-graphite [J].J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2017, 508: 455-461.

ZHOU J R, AI R, WENG J J, et al. A “on-off-on” fluorescence aptasensor using carbon quantum dots and graphene oxide for ultrasensitive detection of the major shellfish allergen Arginine kinase [J].Microchem. J., 2020, 158: 105171.

CHENG X, CEN Y, XU G H, et al. Aptamer based fluorometric determination of ATP by exploiting the FRET between carbon dots and graphene oxide [J].Microchim. Acta, 2018, 185(2): 144-1-8.

LUO J P, SHEN X, LI B Z, et al. Signal amplification by strand displacement in a carbon dot based fluorometric assay for ATP [J].Microchim. Acta, 2018, 185(8): 392-1-7.

YOU J H, YOU Z Y, XU X, et al. A split aptamer-labeled ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for specific detection of adenosine in human urine [J].Microchim. Acta, 2019, 186(1): 43-1-8.

QIAN Z S, SHAN X Y, CHAI L J, et al. A universal fluorescence sensing strategy based on biocompatible graphene quantum dots and graphene oxide for the detection of DNA [J].Nanoscale, 2014, 6(11): 5671-5674.

SRINIVASAN K, SUBRAMANIAN K, MURUGAN K, et al. Sensitive fluorescence detection of mercury(Ⅱ) in aqueous solution by the fluorescence quenching effect of MoS2 with DNA functionalized carbon dots [J].Analyst, 2016, 141(22): 6344-6352.

SABERI Z, REZAEI B, FAROUKHPOUR H, et al. A fluorometric aptasensor for methamphetamine based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer using cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheets and carbon dots [J].Microchim. Acta, 2018, 185(6): 303-1-10.

SABERI Z, REZAEI B, REZAEI P, et al. Design a fluorometric aptasensor based on CoOOH nanosheets and carbon dots for simultaneous detection of lysozyme and adenosine triphosphate [J].Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 2020, 233: 118197.

MA Y S, WANG Y, LIU Y J, et al. Multi-carbon dots and aptamer based signal amplification ratiometric fluorescence probe for protein tyrosine kinase 7 detection [J].J. Nanobiotechnol., 2021, 19(1): 47-1-11.

JIAO Z, ZHANG H F, JIAO S H, et al. A turn-on biosensor-based aptamer-mediated carbon quantum dots nanoaggregate for acetamiprid detection in complex samples [J].Food Anal. Methods, 2019, 12(3): 668-676.

XU B L, ZHAO C Q, WEI W L, et al. Aptamer carbon nanodot sandwich used for fluorescent detection of protein [J].Analyst, 2012, 137(23): 5483-5486.

MIAO H, WANG L, ZHUO Y, et al. Label-free fluorimetric detection of CEA using carbon dots derived from tomato juice [J].Biosens. Bioelectron., 2016, 86: 83-89.

KONG T T, ZHOU R H, ZHANG Y J, et al. AS1411 aptamer modified carbon dots via polyethylenimine-assisted strategy for efficient targeted cancer cell imaging [J].Cell Prolif., 2020, 53(1): e12713-1-9.

SABERI Z, REZAEI B, ENSAFI A A. Fluorometric label-free aptasensor for detection of the pesticide acetamiprid by using cationic carbon dots prepared with cetrimonium bromide [J].Microchim. Acta, 2019, 186(5): 273-1-7.

HUANG S, WANG L M, ZHU F W, et al. A ratiometric nanosensor based on fluorescent carbon dots for label-free and highly selective recognition of DNA [J].RSC Adv., 2015, 5(55): 44587-44597.

PROBST C E, ZRAZHEVSKIY P, BAGALKOT V, et al. Quantum dots as a platform for nanoparticle drug delivery vehicle design[J].Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2013, 65(5): 703-718.

KUMARI S, TIWARI M, DAS P. Multi format compatible visual and fluorometric detection of SEB toxin in nanogram range by carbon dot-DNA and acriflavine nano-assembly [J].Sens. Actuators B: Chem., 2019, 279: 393-399.

ZHENG M, XIE Z G, QU D, et al. On-off-on fluorescent carbon dot nanosensor for recognition of chromium (Ⅵ) and ascorbic acid based on the inner filter effect [J].ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2013, 5(24): 13242-13247.

YANG Y X, HOU J Z, HUO D Q, et al. Green emitting carbon dots for sensitive fluorometric determination of cartap based on its aggregation effect on gold nanoparticles [J].Microchim. Acta, 2019, 186(4): 259-1-8.

LI X C, ZHAO S J, LI B L, et al. Advances and perspectives in carbon dot-based fluorescent probes: mechanism, and application [J].Coord. Chem. Rev., 2021, 431: 213686.

QIN X F, LU Y P, BIAN M M, et al. Influence of gold nanoparticles in different aggregation states on the fluorescence of carbon dots and its application [J].Anal. Chim. Acta, 2019, 1091: 119-126.

ELMIZADEH H, FARIDBOD F, SOLEIMANI M, et al. Fluorescent apta-nanobiosensors for fast and sensitive detection of digoxin in biological fluids using rGQDs: comparison of two approaches for immobilization of aptamer [J].Sens. Actuators B: Chem., 2020, 302: 127133-1-11.

MOLAEI M J. Principles, mechanisms, and application of carbon quantum dots in sensors: a review [J].Anal. Methods, 2020, 12(10): 1266-1287.

ZHU W Y, SHEN X, ZHU C H, et al. Turn-on fluorescent assay based on purification system via magnetic separation for highly sensitive probing of adenosine [J].Sens. Actuators B: Chem., 2018, 259: 855-861.

ZHU L, XU G H, SONG Q, et al. Highly sensitive determination of dopamine by a turn-on fluorescent biosensor based on aptamer labeled carbon dots and nano-graphite [J].Sens. Actuators B: Chem., 2016, 231: 506-512.

GUO M L, HOU Q, WATERHOUSE G I N, et al. A simple aptamer-based fluorescent aflatoxin B1 sensor using humic acid as quencher [J].Talanta, 2019, 205: 120131.

WANG B, CHEN Y F, WU Y Y, et al. Aptamer induced assembly of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots on gold nanoparticles for sensitive detection of AFB1 [J].Biosens. Bioelectron., 2016, 78: 23-30.

WANG J L, LU T T, HU Y, et al. A label-free and carbon dots based fluorescent aptasensor for the detection of kanamycin in milk [J].Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 2020, 226: 117651.

SHAO K, WANG L F, WEN Y T, et al. Near-infrared carbon dots-based fluorescence turn on aptasensor for determination of carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusion [J].Anal. Chim. Acta, 2019, 1068: 52-59.

GHAYYEM S, FARIDBOD F. A fluorescent aptamer/carbon dots based assay for cytochrome c protein detection as a biomarker of cell apoptosis [J].Methods Appl. Fluoresc., 2018, 7(1): 015005.

WANG Z G, FU B S, ZOU S W, et al. Facile construction of carbon dots via acid catalytic hydrothermal method and their application for target imaging of cancer cells [J].Nano Res., 2016, 9(1): 214-223.