Effect of Potassium Iodide on Film Quality and Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated via Two-step Method

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "碘化钾对两步法制备钙钛矿薄膜及其电池性能的影响" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Effect of Potassium Iodide on Film Quality and Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "via" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " Two-step Method" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "高", "givenname": "领伟", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "GAO", "givenname": "Ling-wei", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "高领伟(1994-)，女，内蒙古赤峰人，硕士研究生，2017年于内蒙古师范大学获得学士学位，主要从事钙钛矿太阳能电池器件制备及性能的研究。E-mail: 851093681@qq.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": 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"data": "Corresponding Authors, E-mail: zhaiguangmei@tyut.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "翟光美(1981-)，男，山东肥城人，博士，讲师，硕士研究生导师，2012年于华中科技大学获得博士学位，主要从事光电材料与器件的研究。E-mail:zhaiguangmei@tyut.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351184&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351189&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351194&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "翟光美" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1981-)，男，山东肥城人，博士，讲师，硕士研究生导师，2012年于华中科技大学获得博士学位，主要从事光电材料与器件的研究。E-mail:" }, { "name": "text", "data": "zhaiguangmei@tyut.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "zhaiguangmei@tyut.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "任", "givenname": "锦涛", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "REN", "givenname": "Jin-tao", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], 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"cor2", "lang": "zh", "text": "jackie_mei@163.com", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "jackie_mei@163.com" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "梅伏洪(1983-)，男，安徽合肥人，博士，讲师，硕士研究生导师，2013年于北京大学获得博士学位，从事二维光电材料与器件的研究。Email: jackie_mei@163.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351199&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351204&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351209&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "梅伏洪" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1983-)，男，安徽合肥人，博士，讲师，硕士研究生导师，2013年于北京大学获得博士学位，从事二维光电材料与器件的研究。Email: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "jackie_mei@163.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "jackie_mei@163.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "王", "givenname": "英民", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "WANG", "givenname": "Ying-min", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff3", "text": "3" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "余", "givenname": "春燕", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "YU", "givenname": "Chun-yan", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff4", "text": "4" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "许", "givenname": "并社", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "XU", "givenname": "Bing-she", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "太原理工大学 新材料界面科学与工程教育部重点实验室, 山西 太原 　 030024", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "太原理工大学 新材料界面科学与工程教育部重点实验室, 山西 太原 　 030024" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "中国科学院 可再生能源重点实验室, 广东 广州 　 510640", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国科学院 可再生能源重点实验室, 广东 广州 　 510640" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy,Guangzhou 510640, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy,Guangzhou 510640, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff3", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "3", "text": "中国电子科技集团公司 第二研究所, 山西 太原 　 030024", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国电子科技集团公司 第二研究所, 山西 太原 　 030024" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "3", "text": "The 2nd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Taiyuan 030024, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The 2nd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Taiyuan 030024, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff4", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "4", "text": "太原理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 山西 太原 　 030024", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "太原理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 山西 太原 　 030024" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "4", "text": "College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳电池因具有光电转化效率高和制备成本低廉等优点而备受关注。钙钛矿薄膜中的缺陷是限制钙钛矿电池性能进一步提升的重要因素，而缺陷调控又依赖于薄膜制备方法的发展和进步。两步法是制备钙钛矿薄膜和电池的主要方法之一，但目前对在两步法前驱液中引入添加剂如何影响钙钛矿薄膜结晶过程和缺陷密度的认识不足。本工作致力于利用光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电学测试等技术手段研究在两步法的铅盐溶液中引入碘化钾(KI)对卤化铅溶液、钙钛矿转化、缺陷密度和电池性能的影响。实验结果表明，适量KI的引入有利于高碘配位数铅碘配合物的生成，促进卤化铅向钙钛矿相的室温转化，并有效降低钙钛矿薄膜中的缺陷密度，钙钛矿电池的光电转化效率从无KI时的17.49%提高到19.17%。本工作的研究结果不仅有助于加深对两步法制备钙钛矿过程中结晶规律的理解，而且有助于进一步推动钙钛矿薄膜质量和器件性能的提升。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency and low preparation cost. An important factor limiting the further performance improvement of perovskite solar cells is defects existed in perovskite active layers. The passivation of these defects depends on the development of perovskite preparation techniques. The two-step method is one of the most popular methods to prepare perovskite films and photovoltaic devices. In order to fabricate high-quality perovskite films and high-efficiency solar cells, the modified two-step method " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "via" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " introducing additives has been developed. However, effects of additives introduced into the lead halide precursor on the crystallization process and defect density of perovskite films fabricated" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "via" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " the two-step method are not yet fully understood. In this work, the impacts of potassium iodide(KI) on colloidal properties of the lead halide precursor, perovskite transformation, film quality and cell performance were investigated by means of spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and various electrical measurements. Our results show that the introduction of appropriate amount of KI facilitates the formation of iodide-rich iodoplumbates, which is beneficial to accelerating perovskite transformation from lead halide and improving perovskite film quality. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell incorporating appropriate KI has been increased to 19.17% from 17.49% for the control device. The results of this work not only help to deepen the understanding of the crystallization of perovskite films in the two-step preparation process, but also help to further improve perovskite film quality and device performance." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿太阳电池" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "碘化钾" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "两步法" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "缺陷钝化" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "碘铅酸盐" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "perovskite solar cells" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "potassium iodide" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "\"two-step\" deposition" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "defect passivation" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "iodoplumbates" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿太阳电池因其迅速提升的能量转换效率和低成本的溶液工艺制备方法而受到广泛关注" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2" ], "text": "1-2", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。钙钛矿电池的性能主要受到钙钛矿薄膜质量的影响，而钙钛矿薄膜的质量评价标准主要包括晶粒尺寸、致密度、相纯度、缺陷密度以及光学和电学性质参数等。早期的钙钛矿电池(含薄膜制备)研究工作主要集中于优化提高以晶粒尺寸、致密度和相纯度为主要评价标准的钙钛矿薄膜质量，并借此提高钙钛矿电池效率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R3", "R4" ], "text": "3-4", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。各种不同类型的钙钛矿薄膜制备方法相继出现并得到不同程度的发展，主流的制备方法为一步法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R5", "R6", "R7" ], "text": "5-7", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和两步法(连续沉积方法)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R8", "R9", "R10" ], "text": "8-10", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等。这些方法均已经能够制备高相纯度、高致密度和较大晶粒的钙钛矿薄膜。但是，由于钙钛矿薄膜制备温度低且成核生长过程不易控制，钙钛矿结晶过程中会产生大量的缺陷，如碘空位(V" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、碘间隙原子(I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、铅空位(V" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Pb" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")和铅碘反位缺陷(Pb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Pb" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")等，这些缺陷的大量存在成为限制钙钛矿电池性能进一步提高的主要因素" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R11", "R12" ], "text": "11-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。近年来，钙钛矿电池的研究重点已部分转移至钙钛矿薄膜的缺陷钝化方面。目前已出现的主要缺陷钝化方法包括添加剂方法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R13", "R14", "R15" ], "text": "13-15", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和薄膜后处理方法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R16", "R17", "R18" ], "text": "16-18", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等，其中添加剂方法通过向前驱液中引入添加剂来实现缺陷钝化，因其操作简单而得到快速发展。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "最近，已有研究证实在一步法制备钙钛矿电池过程中引入碘离子(I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")可有效减少钙钛矿薄膜中的缺陷" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，也有研究表明在一步法制备过程中加入钾(K" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、钠(Na" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")等离子可大幅提高电池效率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R20", "R21" ], "text": "20-21", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。上述引入卤素和/或碱金属离子添加剂钝化缺陷的研究工作目前主要集中于一步法制备钙钛矿薄膜过程中，但两步法和一步法制备钙钛矿在结晶过程" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R22", "R23" ], "text": "22-23", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和缺陷存在位置" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等方面存在明显区别。在两步法中加入添加剂，特别是在其中的铅盐溶液中引入卤素和/或碱金属离子添加剂会怎样影响钙钛矿的转化过程和缺陷密度?目前，这方面的研究还较少" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R25", "R26" ], "text": "25-26", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。基于此，本工作致力于通过在两步法的铅盐溶液中引入碘化钾(KI)来制备高质量钙钛矿薄膜和高效率电池，并研究其对钙钛矿转化和缺陷密度的影响。选择KI作钝化剂的目的是希望由其作为I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和K" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的单一来源，从而实现两者钝化效果的结合。研究结果表明，在两步法的铅盐溶液中引入适量的KI可加速钙钛矿的转化，并有效降低钙钛矿薄膜中的缺陷密度，使钙钛矿电池的效率从17.49%提高到了19.17%。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　实验" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1　试剂与材料" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "氧化锡胶体溶液(SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",15%)和碘化钾(KI, 98%)购买自Alfa Aesar公司，二甲基亚砜(DMSO, 99.5%)、乙腈(99.9%)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF, 99.8%)购买自Sigma-Aldrich公司，2,2',7,7'-四[N,N-二(4-甲氧基苯基)氨基]-9,9螺二芴(Spiro-OMeTAD)、碘化铅(PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、溴化铅(PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、甲脒氢碘酸盐(FAI)、甲基溴化胺(MABr)、甲基氯化胺(MACl)、双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂(Li-TFSI)和4-叔丁基吡啶(t-BP,96%)均购买自西安宝莱特科技有限公司。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2　电池制备" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "所有的电池器件均是在氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃基底上制备的。ITO基底分别利用去污液、去离子水、丙酮和异丙醇超声清洗15 min，并经紫外臭氧处理15 min后使用。在清洁的ITO基底上滴加100 μL质量分数为2.67%的SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶水溶液，以3 000 r/min的转速旋转30 s，经150 ℃退火30 min后制得电子传输层，再经紫外臭氧处理15 min后转移至氮气手套箱中以沉积钙钛矿薄膜并完成钙钛矿电池的制备。制备钙钛矿薄膜前先配制铅盐溶液和有机卤化物溶液，其中铅盐溶液是将PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "溶解在体积比为95∶5的DMF与DMSO的混合溶液中(PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的浓度分别是1.275 mol/L和0.025 mol/L)，并分别以0,0.001,0.005,0.010 mol/L的浓度引入不同量KI配制得到的。有机卤化物溶液是将FAI、MABr和MACl溶解于异丙醇中得到的，三者浓度分别为60,6,6 mg/mL。钙钛矿薄膜采用两步法制备:(1)将30 μL铅盐溶液滴加在SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜上，以1 500 r/min的转速旋转30 s，然后在70 ℃下加热30 s得到PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜;(2)将200 μL有机卤化物溶液快速滴加到PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜上，以1 500 r/min的转速旋转30 s，再于125 ℃下退火20 min制得钙钛矿薄膜。待钙钛矿薄膜冷却至室温后，将30 μL Spiro-OMeTAD前驱液滴加到钙钛矿层上，并在3 000 r/min的转速下旋涂30 s形成空穴传输层。该前驱液由72.3 mg Spiro-OMeTAD、29 μL TBP和18 μL Li-TFSI乙腈溶液(浓度为520 mg/mL)全部溶解于1 mL氯苯中制得。最后，将在电子干燥箱(≤15%RH)中过夜氧化后的样品通过热蒸发方法依次沉积约10 nm的MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和100 nm的Ag背电极(对于以Au为背电极的电池，仅蒸镀约80 nm的Au电极层)，从而完成整个器件的制备。为便于后续讨论，将具有不同含量KI的铅盐溶液分别命名为Precursor-KI-0、Precursor-KI-1、Precursor-KI-5和Precursor-KI-10，将利用这些铅盐溶液旋涂得到的铅盐薄膜分别表示为PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-0、PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-1、PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-5和PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-10，将利用它们制备的钙钛矿薄膜(或器件)分别表示为KI-0、KI-1、KI-5和KI-10薄膜(或器件)。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3　样品表征" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "使用型号为Perkin Elmer Lambda 950的分光光度计测试铅盐溶液和钙钛矿薄膜的吸收光谱;样品的稳态光致发光(PL)光谱使用RPM 2000荧光光谱仪进行测试;X射线衍射图利用Bruker D8 Advance A25型X射线衍射仪在Cu Kα射线(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "λ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0.154 nm)辐射下进行;利用LYRA 3 XMH型号的聚焦离子束/扫描电镜(SEM)和MIRA3 LMH型号的场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)对钙钛矿薄膜的表面形貌进行观察;钙钛矿太阳电池的光电流-电压(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J-V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")曲线使用PVIV-3A太阳电池测试系统测试得到，光源为经Si标准电池校正过的强度为100 mW·cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的AM1.5G模拟太阳光。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　结果与讨论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了解不同浓度的KI对铅盐溶液的影响，对Precursor-KI-0、Precursor-KI-1、Precursor-KI-5和Precursor-KI-10溶液(稀释后)进行了吸收光谱测试，结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以看出，Precursor-KI-0的吸收光谱在300~500 nm波段范围内仅有位于约325 nm和370 nm处的两个吸收峰，它们分别为PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351214&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351224&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351219&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的特征吸收峰(S代表溶剂分子)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。随着KI的引入，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1(b)~(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1(b)~(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，在约428 nm处出现了一个新的吸收峰，该吸收峰源于" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351229&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351242&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351235&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，并且随着KI添加量的增加，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351247&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351256&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351252&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351258&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351265&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351262&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的光密度越来越大，说明这两种物质的浓度在增大。上述结果表明，KI的加入改变了铅盐溶液中碘铅酸盐配合物离子的种类及其浓度，高碘配位数的碘铅酸盐配合物离子浓度随着KI加入量的增加而逐渐增大。由于铅-卤素原子八面体构成钙钛矿结构的基本骨架，铅盐溶液中大量高碘配位数八面体碘铅酸盐配合物的存在可能会影响后续钙钛矿的结晶过程并促进钙钛矿相的形成。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同KI含量的PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "铅盐溶液(稀释后)的紫外-可见吸收光谱及其分峰拟合结果" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Change in the UV-Vis absorption spectra of PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " in DMF/DMSO as the concentration of KI increased. Overlaid on the spectra are example fit functions for the main complexes(including PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351269&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351278&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351273&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351280&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351287&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351283&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351290&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351296&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351293&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为进一步了解不同浓度KI对铅盐薄膜的影响，对PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-0、PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-1、PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-5和PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-10薄膜进行了SEM和XRD测试，结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(a)~(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(a)~(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的SEM数据可以看出，4种铅盐薄膜的表面形貌不同。未添加KI的PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-0薄膜表面较平整;随着KI的引入，PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-1和PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-5薄膜表面出现不规则形状的颗粒物质;而PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-10薄膜表面则出现棒状物质。这可能是由于KI的引入，铅盐溶液中的碘铅酸盐配合物的组分发生变化，使铅盐薄膜的结晶习性发生改变所致。另外，KI可以和PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "反应生成K" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等富钾相物质，因此，这些颗粒物质也可能是生成的K" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等物质。虽然" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的XRD图谱中并未出现明显的K" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "特征衍射峰" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，但这可能是由于引入的KI量很小，导致所生成的K" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "量太少而不能被XRD检测出。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的XRD图谱中还可以看出KI引入后PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的(001)衍射峰强度增大，半峰宽降低，表明适量KI的引入可显著提高铅盐薄膜的结晶性。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)~(d)不同KI含量的PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜的扫描电镜(SEM)照片:(a)PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-0,(b)PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-1,(c)PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-5,(d)PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-10;(e)不同KI含量的PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜的X射线衍射(XRD)图谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)-(d)Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images of the PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " films with different amounts of KI: (a)PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-0, (b)PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-1, (c)PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-5, (d)PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KI-0. (e)X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns of the PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " films with different amounts of KI." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351299&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351303&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351301&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "进一步通过XRD对利用上述铅盐薄膜制备的KI-0、KI-1、KI-5和KI-10钙钛矿薄膜的转化过程进行了分析，以了解KI对PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "转化为钙钛矿过程的影响。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)、(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)、(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别为退火前和退火20 min后4种钙钛矿薄膜的XRD图谱。图中位于14.1° 和24.2°处的衍射峰是钙钛矿的特征衍射峰，分别对应(110)和(202)晶面" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，退火前4种样品均在12.6°附近出现衍射峰，该衍射峰是PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的特征峰，但是相比于KI-0样品，引入KI后的KI-1、KI-5和KI-10样品的PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "特征峰强度依次降低，而钙钛矿(110)衍射峰的强度显著增大，表明退火前KI-1、KI-5和KI-10薄膜中已有较多的PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "转化成了钙钛矿，KI的引入促进了PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "向钙钛矿的室温转化。经20 min退火后，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，4种样品的PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "衍射峰均基本消失，说明其中的绝大部分PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "已转化为钙钛矿相，而且KI-1、KI-5和KI-10薄膜的(110)和(202)钙钛矿衍射峰均比KI-0薄膜的强度更大，半峰宽(FWHM)更低，说明KI的引入也提高了钙钛矿的结晶性。此外，通过比较KI-1、KI-5和KI-10三种薄膜的XRD图谱还可以发现，KI-5的钙钛矿特征衍射峰强度最大，而KI-10样品的钙钛矿(202)衍射峰强度明显降低，说明KI的引入量存在最优值，过量KI的引入会改变钙钛矿晶粒的择优取向。综上所述，KI钝化剂一方面会加快钙钛矿薄膜的转化，另一方面可提高钙钛矿晶粒的结晶度。这可能与铅盐溶液中所含碘铅酸盐配合物离子的碘配位数增大有关。I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子与碘铅酸盐配合物中溶剂分子的置换反应为吸热反应，会使系统吉布斯自由能增大" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "已经表明KI的加入有助于铅盐溶液中高碘配位数碘铅酸盐配合物离子的形成及其浓度的增大，这可能导致了铅盐(PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")薄膜中碘配位数较高的碘铅酸盐配合物的存在，又由于钙钛矿结构的基本骨架为6个卤素离子(如I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Br" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等)配位的铅-卤素原子八面体，所以在碘铅酸盐配合物向钙钛矿转化过程中，具有较高碘配位数的碘铅酸盐配合物需要置换为卤素离子的溶剂分子数量较少，更易于转化为钙钛矿结构，且形成的钙钛矿结构更趋于完美，结晶性更高。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "KI-0、KI-1、KI-5和KI-10薄膜在不同退火时间的X射线衍射(XRD)图谱。(a)0 min;(b)20 min。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns of the KI-0, KI-1, KI-5 and KI-10 films before(a) and after (b) 20 min of annealing." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351305&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351309&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351307&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "　对退火20 min后的KI-0、KI-1、KI-5和KI-10钙钛矿薄膜进行了SEM测试，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。从图中可以看到，所有钙钛矿薄膜的平均晶粒尺寸相差不大，说明在铅盐溶液中引入KI并不会显著影响钙钛矿晶粒的最终尺寸，这与文献[20]报道的一步法中引入KI可显著增大晶粒尺寸的结果有所不同。4种钙钛矿薄膜的表面致密度存在较大区别，其中KI-5薄膜中的晶粒排列最为致密。另外，KI-10薄膜中的晶粒表面分布着一些细小颗粒(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中红色圆圈标注所示)，这可能是由于过量KI(或K" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")在钙钛矿薄膜表面析出并附着所致。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同KI含量钙钛矿薄膜的扫描电镜(SEM)照片。(a)KI-0;(b)KI-1;(c)KI-5;(d)KI-10。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images of the perovskite films with different amounts of KI. (a)KI-0. (b)KI-1. (c)KI-5. (d)KI-10." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351311&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351313&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351312&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜的吸收光谱如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，从图中可以看出钙钛矿薄膜的吸收边随着引入KI浓度的增大而逐渐红移，这表明钙钛矿的带隙在逐渐减小。为探究钙钛矿薄膜带隙变化的原因，利用能谱仪(EDS)对各钙钛矿薄膜中的I/Pb原子比进行了分析。结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，从中可以看出，随着KI浓度的增加，所制备的钙钛矿薄膜中I/Pb原子比也在相应地提高，这表明KI中的部分碘离子替代了薄膜中的部分溴离子，从而造成了钙钛矿薄膜禁带宽度的减小" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。钙钛矿组分的变化也可以从XRD数据中得到证实，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的是KI-0、KI-1、KI-5与KI-10样品在(202)衍射峰附近的XRD放大图，从图中可以看出，KI-1、KI-5与KI-10的(202)衍射峰相对于KI-0出现了向低角度偏移的现象，说明钙钛矿晶格发生了膨胀，这应该是钙钛矿结构中的部分Br" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子被I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子取代所导致的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。此外，KI中的部分I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子占据钙钛矿的间隙位置也可能是导致钙钛矿晶格膨胀的原因" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为4种钙钛矿薄膜的PL光谱，从图中可以看出添加KI后钙钛矿薄膜的发光强度明显高于KI-0，部分原因是引入KI后钙钛矿薄膜的结晶性变好;此外，KI中的部分I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子可补偿钙钛矿结构中可能存在的卤素空位" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",K" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子也可以与钙钛矿中的Br" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子结合，在钙钛矿晶界处和/或晶粒表面生成一层薄钝化层来抑制卤素间隙原子或离子所引发的非辐射复合衰减" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R33", "R34" ], "text": "33-34", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，从而提高了钙钛矿薄膜的发光性能。随着KI引入量的增大，钙钛矿薄膜的发光强度先增大后减小，其中KI-5薄膜的发光强度最高，再次说明KI的引入量存在最优值。KI-5薄膜中的KI含量相对比较适中，薄膜中的缺陷态密度最小，具有最高的辐射复合效率。过量KI的引入可能由于产生过多的卤素间隙原子或离子等非辐射复合中心而降低了其发光性能。另外，含KI钙钛矿薄膜的发光峰明显红移，这是I" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子部分置换Br" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子使其禁带宽度变小所引起的，与" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中的吸收边红移结果一致。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)不同KI含量钙钛矿薄膜的吸收光谱;(b)根据能量散射谱分析得到的不同KI含量钙钛矿薄膜的I/Pb原子比;(c)KI-0、KI-1、KI-5和KI-10钙钛矿薄膜(202)X射线衍射峰的放大对比图;(d)不同KI含量钙钛矿薄膜的稳态光致发光光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)UV-Vis absorption spectra of the perovskite films with different amounts of KI. (b)I/Pb ratios of the perovskite films with different amounts of KI(extracted from energy dispersive spectroscopy). (c)Comparison between magnified (202) diffraction peaks of KI-0, KI-1, KI-5 and KI-10 perovskite films. (d)Steady-state photoluminescence spectra of the perovskite films with different amounts of KI." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351314&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351316&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351315&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "通过制备ITO/SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/ M" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "O" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Ag结构的钙钛矿太阳电池进一步探究了KI对钙钛矿太阳电池光伏性能的影响。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表1", "type": "table", "rid": "T1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "列出了基于银电极的所有器件的短路电流密度(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、开路电压(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、填充因子(FF)和能量转换效率(PCE)等参数值。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表1", "type": "table", "rid": "T1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中的数据可以看出，KI-0器件的性能较低，其" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、FF和PCE均值分别为22.16 mA /cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、1.01 V、61.08%和13.67%;当加入KI后器件的各参数随着KI添加量的增加均大体呈现出先增大后减小的趋势，其中KI-5器件的平均性能最佳，各性能参数均明显优于KI-0器件。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "利用不同KI含量钙钛矿薄膜制备的电池性能参数" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Summary of the photovoltaic parameters of the hybrid perovskite solar cells with different amounts of KI" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Sample" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/V" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/(mA·cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "FF/%" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "PCE/%" } ] } ] ], "body": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "KI-0" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.01±0.02" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22.16±0.39" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61.08±1.78" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13.67±0.46" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "KI-1" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.06±0.01" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21.08±0.10" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "63.32±1.08" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14.14±0.28" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "KI-5" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.05±0.01" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23.14±0.42" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67.32±1.77" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16.33±0.30" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "KI-10" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.04±0.03" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22.19±0.28" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "59.50±1.49" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14.19±0.40" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ], "graphics": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351318&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351317&type=" } } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了进一步研究KI对钙钛矿器件性能的影响机制，采用空间电荷限制电流(SCLC)方法对KI-0和 KI-5钙钛矿薄膜中的陷阱态密度(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")和电子迁移率(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")进行了计算分析" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。SCLC方法通过测试单电子器件(结构为ITO/SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Perovskite/PCBM/Ag)的暗态电流-电压(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I-V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")曲线，并根据" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和陷阱填充限制电压(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TFL" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")间的关系(公式1)确定钙钛矿薄膜的陷阱态密度:" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351319&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351320&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351321&type=" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "text", "data": " " } ], "id": "DF21" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "e" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为基本电荷，其数值为1.6×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-19" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " C，钙钛矿的相对介电常数" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ε" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为32，真空介电常数" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ε" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为8.854×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-12" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " C/(V·m)," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为钙钛矿薄膜的厚度(~350 nm)。在双对数坐标系中(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，单电子器件的暗态电流-电压曲线中的低压线性区(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "~" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "a" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "a" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "~1)对应欧姆区，电流随电压的增加而缓慢增大;在中间电压区，电流随着电压的增加而快速增长(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "~" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "a" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "a" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "2)，代表着陷阱填充和电流注入过程;随着电压的继续增大，电流对电压的依赖性变小(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "~" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "a" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "a" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "~2)，进入空间电荷限制电流区(亦即Child区)。低压欧姆区和中间电压区的交点所对应的电压值即为" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TFL" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",KI-0和KI-5钙钛矿薄膜单电子器件的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TFL" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别约为0.30 V和0.26 V，从而可计算得出两钙钛矿薄膜中的缺陷态密度分别为8.7×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和7.5×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。KI-5钙钛矿薄膜相对KI-0薄膜陷阱态密度的降低归因于KI的钝化作用，这与" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中PL的测试结果一致。同时，根据Child区中电子迁移率(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")与电流密度(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")间的关系(公式2)计算了钙钛矿薄膜中的电子迁移率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)ITO/SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/KI-0/PCBM/Ag单电子器件的电流-电压关系;(b)ITO/SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/KI-5/PCBM/Ag单电子器件的电流-电压关系;(c)基于KI-0和KI-5钙钛矿电池的开路电压(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")与光强(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")间的半对数特性;(d)SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/钙钛矿薄膜(含不同浓度KI)的稳态光致发光光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Space-charge-limited current " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "versus" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " voltage of electron-only devices(ITO/SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/perovskite/PCBM/Ag) based on KI-0(a) and KI-5(b) perovskite films. (c)Semilogarithmic open circuit voltage-light intensity(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ") characteristics extracted from the KI-0 and KI-5 cells. (d)Steady-state photoluminescence spectra of the perovskite films with different amounts of KI deposited on SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " electron transport layers." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351322&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351324&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351323&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351325&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351326&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351327&type=" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "text", "data": " " } ], "id": "DF22" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "计算结果表明，KI-0和KI-5的电子迁移率分别为3.69×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·V" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·S" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和1.15×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·V" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·S" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这表明KI的引入可增大钙钛矿的电子迁移率，有助于载流子传输。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "另外，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与光强之间的依赖关系可以反映出钙钛矿电池中光生载流子的复合机制。" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与光强的对数成线性关系，如果其斜率等于" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "kT/q" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，太阳电池中的主要复合机制为带间直接复合;如果斜率大于" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "kT/q" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，则主要的复合机制为缺陷辅助复合" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "k" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为玻尔兹曼常数，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为开尔文温度，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "q" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为基本电荷。我们通过对所制备钙钛矿电池进行变光强" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J-V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "测试分析了其中的复合机制。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中可以看到，加入KI后其斜率从1.59" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "kT/q" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "下降到1.33" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "kT/q" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，说明缺陷辅助载流子复合得到了一定抑制，这有利于钙钛矿薄膜在光照条件下光生电子与空穴准费米能级的分离，并减少电子-空穴非辐射复合，从而提高了器件的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SC" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R37", "R38" ], "text": "37-38", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。此外，KI-5钙钛矿薄膜相对于KI-0薄膜光吸收范围的增大(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)也可能部分导致了电池" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的增大。电池的FF受到器件串、并联电阻以及功能层缺陷密度等多种因素的共同影响。低串联电阻、高并联电阻和低缺陷密度均有助于电池FF的提高。高效的电荷提取与传输有利于降低串联电阻，而均匀致密的功能层薄膜有利于提高并联电阻。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，与KI-0薄膜相比，KI-5在SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜上的光致发光强度较低，荧光猝灭更为严重，这说明光生电子从KI-5薄膜转移到SnO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的效率更高，表明引入适量的KI可有效改善钙钛矿/电荷传输层界面质量，提高电荷提取效率。此外，从前面的分析中已经得知，KI-5薄膜的电子迁移率大于KI-0，载流子在KI-5薄膜中的传输更为高效，而且KI-5薄膜相较于KI-0薄膜更为致密(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，且缺陷密度降低。这些因素的共同作用有效提高了KI-5电池的FF。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "　基于KI-0和KI-5薄膜的代表性电池(以银为背电极)" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J-V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "曲线如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，PCE从KI-0的13.36%提高到了KI-5的16.33%。值得一提的是，当利用金作背电极时，基于KI-5薄膜的钙钛矿电池PCE达到了19.17%，也明显高于KI-0电池17.49%的效率(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)，再次表明适量KI的引入对器件的光电转化效率具有明显的提升作用。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于KI-0和KI-5钙钛矿薄膜的代表性电池的电流密度-电压(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J-V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")曲线对比图。(a)以银作背电极;(b)以金作背电极。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Current density-voltage(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J-V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ") curves of the typical photovoltaic devices based on KI-0 and KI-5 perovskite films. (a)Ag electrode. (b)Au electrode." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351328&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351330&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21351329&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "上述结果表明，在铅盐溶液中加入适量的KI可以促进高碘配位数碘铅酸盐配合物的生成，有助于提高钙钛矿的转化速度和钝化钙钛矿薄膜中的缺陷;所制备的低缺陷态密度钙钛矿薄膜有助于光生电子和空穴准费米能级的分离、界面电荷的高效转移和提取，可全面提高钙钛矿电池的短路电流密度、开路电压和填充因子，得到了能量转换效率超过19%的钙钛矿电池。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本工作研究了在铅盐溶液中加入KI对卤化铅溶液、钙钛矿转化、薄膜缺陷密度以及电池性能的影响。结果表明，适量KI的引入可以促进高碘配位数碘铅酸盐配合物的生成，加快钙钛矿的室温转化并有效降低钙钛矿薄膜中的缺陷密度;当KI的浓度为0.005 mol/L时，所制备钙钛矿电池的短路电流密度、开路电压和填充因子得到了全面提高，光电转换效率达到19.17%，明显高于无KI添加时所制得电池的17.49%。该研究结果不仅有助于加深对两步法制备钙钛矿过程中结晶规律的理解，而且有助于进一步推动钙钛矿薄膜质量和器件性能的提升。" } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献:" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SEOK S I" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "GRÄTZEL M" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "PARK N G" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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