Progress on Metal Nanoclusters with Aggregation-induced Emission Characteristic in Biomedical Application

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], "stringName": [], "aff": [], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "孙", "givenname": "文静", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "SUN", "givenname": "Wen-jing", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [], "role": [ "corresp", "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "zh", "text": "孙文静(1990－)，女，山东德州人，博士，特任副研究员。2019年于厦门大学公共卫生学院获得理学博士学位；2019年至今，厦门大学公共卫生学院博士后。研究方向为分子影像和生物医用纳米材料；研究对象主要为基于纳米药物的肿瘤多模态成像和多功能联合治疗；研究范围涉及PET/SPECT、CT、MRI、光学成像等肿瘤显像以及放射治疗、光动力治疗、光热治疗等肿瘤治疗纳米材料的设计、制备、表征及生物学效能评价。至今已发表SCI论文18篇，他引262次，H指数9。2020年获得“博士后创新人才支持计划”资助，2020年获得国家自然科学基金委青年基金项目资助。", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "孙文静(1990－)，女，山东德州人，博士，特任副研究员。2019年于厦门大学公共卫生学院获得理学博士学位；2019年至今，厦门大学公共卫生学院博士后。研究方向为分子影像和生物医用纳米材料；研究对象主要为基于纳米药物的肿瘤多模态成像和多功能联合治疗；研究范围涉及PET/SPECT、CT、MRI、光学成像等肿瘤显像以及放射治疗、光动力治疗、光热治疗等肿瘤治疗纳米材料的设计、制备、表征及生物学效能评价。至今已发表SCI论文18篇，他引262次，H指数9。2020年获得“博士后创新人才支持计划”资助，2020年获得国家自然科学基金委青年基金项目资助。" } ] }, { "rid": "cor3", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mail: sunwenjing1102@163.com;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mail: sunwenjing1102@163.com;" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "孙文静(1990－)，女，山东德州人，博士，特任副研究员，2019年于厦门大学获得博士学位，主要从事分子影像与纳米医学的研究。E-mail: sunwenjing1102@163.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348716&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348715&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348716&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "孙文静" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1990－)，女，山东德州人，博士，特任副研究员，2019年于厦门大学获得博士学位，主要从事分子影像与纳米医学的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "sunwenjing1102@163.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "sunwenjing1102@163.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "陈", "givenname": "洪敏", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "CHEN", "givenname": "Hong-min", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [], "role": [ "corresp", "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor2", "lang": "zh", "text": "陈洪敏(1982－)，男，山东日照人，博士，教授，2009年于中国科学院理化技术研究所获得博士学位。国家高层次青年人才项目获得者，福建省闽江学者特聘教授，福建省引进高层次人才-境外B类获得者，厦门市杰出青年人才获得者，进入国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金答辩阶段(2019)。2009—2011年，中国香港城市大学Senior Research Associate；2011—2012年，美国华盛顿大学(西雅图)生物工程系Senior Fellow(合作导师：髙虓虎)；2012—2017年，美国乔治亚大学化学系Postdoc/Research Scientist(合作导师：谢晋)。研究方向为分子影像学和纳米医学。主要围绕“分子探针多模态影像与协同治疗的高效融合”关键科学问题，致力于功能影像探针在癌症诊断与治疗的研究。研究对象主要为功能影像探针；研究范围涉及磁共振造影剂、光学探针和肿瘤诊疗新技术。至今已发表 SCI论文40余篇，他引近3 000次。", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "陈洪敏(1982－)，男，山东日照人，博士，教授，2009年于中国科学院理化技术研究所获得博士学位。国家高层次青年人才项目获得者，福建省闽江学者特聘教授，福建省引进高层次人才-境外B类获得者，厦门市杰出青年人才获得者，进入国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金答辩阶段(2019)。2009—2011年，中国香港城市大学Senior Research Associate；2011—2012年，美国华盛顿大学(西雅图)生物工程系Senior Fellow(合作导师：髙虓虎)；2012—2017年，美国乔治亚大学化学系Postdoc/Research Scientist(合作导师：谢晋)。研究方向为分子影像学和纳米医学。主要围绕“分子探针多模态影像与协同治疗的高效融合”关键科学问题，致力于功能影像探针在癌症诊断与治疗的研究。研究对象主要为功能影像探针；研究范围涉及磁共振造影剂、光学探针和肿瘤诊疗新技术。至今已发表 SCI论文40余篇，他引近3 000次。" } ] }, { "rid": "cor4", "lang": "en", "text": "hchen@xmu.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "hchen@xmu.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "陈洪敏(1982－)，男，山东日照人，教授，博士研究生导师，2009年于中国科学院理化技术研究所获得博士学位，主要从事功能影像探针的研究。E-mail: hchen@xmu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348721&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348719&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348721&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "陈洪敏" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1982－)，男，山东日照人，教授，博士研究生导师，2009年于中国科学院理化技术研究所获得博士学位，主要从事功能影像探针的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "hchen@xmu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "hchen@xmu.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": "厦门大学 分子疫苗学与分子诊断学国家重点实验室， 分子影像暨转化医学研究中心， 福建 厦门 　 361102", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "厦门大学 分子疫苗学与分子诊断学国家重点实验室， 分子影像暨转化医学研究中心， 福建 厦门 　 361102" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "text": "State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近年来，具有聚集诱导发光(Aggregation-induced emission, AIE)增强性质的金属纳米团簇由于其高光学稳定性和良好的发光性能在生物医学、环境科学等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，当前对于AIE金属纳米团簇的研究还处于起步阶段，其复杂的表面/界面结构和增强发光机理尚不明晰，对其合理的调控制备仍是重要研究挑战之一。本文基于已成功合成的具有高AIE性能金属纳米团簇的研究报道，综述了硫醇修饰的表面修饰机理和策略；主要介绍了金、银、铜几种AIE金属纳米团簇在分析传感及生物医学领域的应用，并对其他配体修饰的铱配合物的AIE特性及其应用进行了论述；最后阐述了对AIE金属纳米团簇研究现状的看法及展望，旨在为AIE金属纳米团簇未来的研究发展提供思路与参考。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Metal nanoclusters with enhanced aggregation-induced emission(AIE) have shown a broad application prospect in the bio-medical fields and environmental science. However, the current researches on AIE metal nanoclusters are still in the initial stage. The complex surface/interface structure and enhanced luminescence mechanisms are still not clear. Moreover, it remains a big challenge to prepare AIE metal nanoclusters with properly regulated properties. Following the reports that successfully synthesized metal clusters with AIE characteristic, this review firstly summarized the surface modification strategies with mercaptan and the AIE mechanism of gold, silver, copper nanoclusters, and introduced their biomedical applications. Then, the preparation and bio-application of unique iridium complexes with AIE property are also discussed. Finally, the research status and prospects of AIE metal nanoclusters are described. In sum, this review aims to provide concepts for the future research and development of AIE metal nanoclusters." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "聚集诱导发光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "金属纳米簇" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "表面修饰" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "纳米医学" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "aggregation-induced emission" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "metal nanoclusters" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "surface modification" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "nanomedicine" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "日常生活中，光学材料的应用十分广泛。金属纳米团簇(Metal nanoclusters，MNCs)作为一种新型的光学材料，由于其独特的电子结构和分子光学性质引起了研究者的广泛关注" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "金属纳米团簇由几个到几百个原子组成，它展现出不同于单个原子和大尺寸纳米粒子的光学性质，在成像、传感和催化等领域有着广阔的应用前景" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。相较于半导体量子点，金属纳米团簇具有与其相当的光稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和更好的生物相容性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。但是，其光致发光量子产率仍不具备竞争力，且裸露的金属纳米团簇在溶剂中常常因为高活性而聚集。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了解决稳定性差的问题，将金属纳米团簇与保护剂结合起来，形成纳米复合材料是一种行之有效的方法。硫醇(SR)由于与金属表面的高亲和力，作为金属纳米团簇的配体研究得到了高度关注。2012年，Luo等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "首次发现了Au-硫醇盐纳米簇(Au(I)-SR)在Au(0)核上可控聚集，实现了增强的发光，量子产率(QY)达到15%。此后，聚集诱导发光(AIE)型发光金属纳米团簇AIE-MNCs迅速发展，其发光强度显著提高。有研究发现，AIE-MNCs发光强度高度依赖于其表面和界面的特性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "展示了金属纳米粒子与金属纳米团簇的微观结构：在金属纳米粒子中，单个配体独立而直接地附着在紧密包裹的金属核上；而金属纳米团簇中，独特的钉书针样金属(I)-配体图案包裹在金属(0)核上" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，通过有效限制表面基元的分子内/分子间运动(即振动和旋转)来增强发光强度、最大限度减少非辐射衰变实现AIE特性是可行的。研究也已验证了这一假设，并揭示了其发光机制是经过配体-金属电荷转移(Ligand-to-metal charge transfer，LMCT)和/或配体-金属-金属电荷转移(Ligand-to-metal-metal charge transfer，LMMCT)，然后再通过一个以金属为中心的三重态产生辐射弛豫，从而发光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。总之，金属纳米团簇的AIE本质上是一个与其表面发光状态密切相关的过程。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机层保护的典型结构模型示意图：A为金属纳米粒子，B、C为金属纳米团簇。在金属纳米粒子中，独立配体直接和金属核心连接，而在金属纳米团簇中，独特订书钉样金属(I)配体图案包裹在金属(0)核形成金属纳米团簇。D和E分别为B和C对应的聚集态(配体：粉红色的斑块；金属(I)：金色的斑块；金属(0)：金色球体；为了清楚起见，省略了所有配体的烃尾)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic illustration of the typical structure model of organic layer-protected. A is metal nanoparticles(NPs) and B, C are metal nanoclusters(NCs). In metal NPs, individual ligand is attached independently and directly to the close-packed metal core, while in metal NCs, unique staple-like metal(I)-ligand motifs are wrapping over the metal(0) core of metal NCs. D and E are the corresponding aggregates of B and C, respectively(ligands: pink patches; metal(I): golden patches; metal(0): golden spheres; all hydrocarbon tails of ligands are omitted for clarity)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "．" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348722&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348728&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348725&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于以上发光机制，研究者分别使用“自上而下”和“自下而上”的方法成功地制备出金、银、铜、铂、铱等作为金属核的金属纳米团簇，其中金银铜是原子簇配位型，而铂和铱是单原子配位型。这些金属纳米团簇在生物医学领域有着巨大的应用前景。生物医学的研究以改进疾病的诊断水平和治疗效果为宗旨，金属纳米团簇凭借高效AIE性能可以提高检测的灵敏度，而其光稳定性强等优势增强了细胞组织成像的信噪比；在疾病治疗方面，结合金属纳米团簇可以吸收光电子和发射荧光的特性，发展了肿瘤放疗增敏和光动力疗法，为提高疾病诊疗水平提供了技术支撑。本文重点概括了近年来具有AIE性能的金属纳米团簇的制备方法及其潜在应用，期望能够为金属纳米团簇优化与制备和生物医学应用提供参考与借鉴。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　硫醇盐类修饰的金、银、铜纳米团簇" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "金属纳米团簇保护剂常用的是硫醇类。Jung等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "研究表明，表面配体在增强金属纳米粒的荧光中发挥着重要作用。具体来说，表面配体可以通过两种不同的方式增强荧光：(1)电荷从配体通过金属原子-硫原子(M—S)键转移到金属纳米核心(即LMNCT)；(2)富电子原子或配体基团的离域电子直接供给金属核心。根据这两个机制，研究者验证了增强硫盐配体保护金纳米颗粒荧光策略的有效性。该研究为促进发光金属纳米粒子原子级设计提供了坚实的理论基础。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "金属纳米团簇的AIE性能会受到所处环境的影响。Wang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "制备了一类谷胱甘肽(GSH)修饰的金纳米簇(GSH-AuNCs)，发现溶液pH的变化可以调控其组装/解组装过程。当溶液pH增大到11时，Au(I)与硫醇配体可以形成紧密而坚固的结晶壳层，从而增强了磷光发射。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "溶剂效应也能增强金属纳米团簇的AIE性能。Wu等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发现乙醇能够实现铜纳米团簇的自组装，从而产生聚集诱导发光增强(AIEE)。乙醇诱导纳米团簇快速组装成超薄纳米片，并促进金属表面缺陷的形成，随着Cu(I)/Cu(0)比值增大，电子的辐射弛豫增强，QY从6.3%提高到15%。Wang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在聚乙烯吡啶酮/聚乙烯醇的三维水凝胶中封装铜纳米团簇(CuNCs)制备了CuNCs复合薄膜，脱水步骤诱导AIE性能，其QY高达30%。Chen等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "基于一种配体交换方法，成功制备出多种可溶性的Cu-I簇基复合材料，并将Cu-I簇基复合材料限制在了小尺寸微液滴中以研究其AIE效应。研究者选取0D-Cu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(py)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为起始原料，这种材料不仅比其他Cu-I簇拥有更高的稳定性，而且其吡啶配体与Cu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的结合较弱，因此更容易与其他的配体进行交换。另外，与有机溶液有很强亲和性的三(3-甲苯基)磷(P-(m-Tol)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")被用作交换配体以提高复合材料在有机溶液中的溶解度。最后使用十二烷基苯磺酸钠作为表面活性剂包覆在Cu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(P-(m-Tol)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的表面，制得水溶性好的Cu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米簇。实验结果证明水相中聚集成簇的Cu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(P-(m-Tol)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "具有很好的AIE性能。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1　在体外诊断与传感中的应用" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1.1　分子传感" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2a1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "分子传感器通过检测特异性物理化学反应来获取被测量分子的信息，然后按一定规律变换成为光、电、磁等信号输出。其中，荧光检测具有简便性、敏感性、成本高效益和较短的响应时间等优点。某些金属纳米团簇与特定分子的反应可以促进团簇聚集，产生AIE效应，因此反应过程中发光信号的变化可以被用于特定分子的定量检测。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于硫族化物修饰的银簇(SCCs)作为一种光功能材料，在光电子及太阳能采集、传感等领域有潜在的应用价值。但是它们的应用因为较低的荧光量子产量及较差的稳定性而受到了限制。最近，MOF和PCPs的晶体材料在分离、存储、催化、化学感应和荧光信号器件等领域表现出极大的潜在价值，这两种材料是通过配位连接，由有机配体与金属离子或簇构成的。MOF由于具有基于簇的节点，使得它有大而多的孔隙和更高的稳定性。Huang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 为构建刚性MOFs将SCCs连接到强适应性配体上，从而使簇间相互作用增强。量子产率(12.1%)的增加以及稳定性(1年以上)的增强是通过簇间的方向和空间分隔来控制的。他们还制备了一种双功能荧光开关(快速响应小于1 s)挥发性有机物调控荧光“on”、氧气调控荧光“off”。同时利用单晶衍射分析对所制备的MOFs单晶中小分子的空间排布进行了精确测定，进而对该“荧光开关”机理做了阐释。该研究充分验证了SCC-MOF的结构设计。SCC-MOF稳定性和化学感应性显著增强，具有理想的光物理特性，适用于催化和光电器件领域。这项工作为功能性金属(Ag、Au、Cu和Pd)聚簇MOF的研究探索了新的道路。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在蛋白质消化、细胞的增值分化凋亡等生理过程和免疫系统的组成中，蛋白水解酶或蛋白酶是十分重要的。胰蛋白酶是肽链内切酶的一种，它的形成主要是在胰腺腺泡细胞中，多肽链中的精氨酸残基和赖氨酸中的羧基能够被其切断。囊性纤维化和胰腺癌对胰蛋白酶的异常活性的发生有促进作用。鱼精蛋白作为胰蛋白酶的理想底物，含有丰富的精氨酸和赖氨酸。最近有研究表明，体外循环心脏手术中，从鱼类精巢提取的鱼精蛋白硫酸盐是唯一对抗肝素的药物，可以抵消人工合成抗凝血剂以及肝素的抗凝作用，能够做这些临床上抗凝血剂的解毒剂。鱼精蛋白跟胰岛素结合，可以阻止或延缓胰岛素的释放，从而延长降血糖作用的时间。鱼精蛋白已经在临床治疗上得到了广泛的使用，然而鱼精蛋白也存在着一些不利的影响，比如血压骤降、肺动脉高压或心动过缓等。所以，能够可靠而灵敏地检测胰蛋白酶和鱼精蛋白是很重要的。Xue等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "利用GSH-AuNCs(发射570 nm)和氨基修饰硅纳米颗粒(SiNPs，发射450 nm)构建了具有双发射特性的纳米混合探针(SiNPs@GSH-AuNCs)。当鱼精蛋白加入到SiNPs@GSH-AuNCs中时，阳离子鱼精蛋白会与SiNPs竞争并吸附在GSH-AuNCs表面，此时团簇的结构被破坏，导致GSH-AuNCs的荧光猝灭。胰蛋白酶可以催化鱼精蛋白的水解，使材料能够重新开始自组装，从而使AIE性能恢复(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。该策略设计的材料具有良好的灵敏度和稳定性，并被验证能够应用于血清样品中鱼精蛋白和胰蛋白酶的测定。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)利用纳米杂交探针测定鱼精蛋白和胰蛋白酶比值原理图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(b)溶液pH值的增加促使半胱氨酸分子渗透进入Au(I)-硫醇配合物，猝灭AuNCs的AIE性能。(1→2)pH的增加促使包裹AIE活性AuNCs的Au(I)-硫醇络合物网络的解体，增强其发光；(2→3)碱性pH促进半胱氨酸渗透进入Au(I)-硫醇配合物；(3→4)半胱氨酸分子刻蚀Au(0)核，导致AIE-AuNCs体系的分解和发光猝灭" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(c)硫化物诱导的铜纳米团簇的AIE示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(d)PSS诱导PA-CuNCs发生聚集的机理示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(e)～(f)银离子诱导AIE-AuNCs发光增强" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。(g)TA-CuNCs荧光探针的制备及其检测磷酸盐离子示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Schematic illustration of the mechanism for the ratiometric detection of protamine and trypsin based on nanohybrid probe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)Schematic of the increase in the solution pH, prompting the permeation of the cysteine molecules through the Au(I)-thiolate complex surroundings to etch and quench the embedded Au NCs. (1→2)Increasing the pH prompted the disassembly of the Au(I)-thiolate complex network encapsulating the AIE-active Au NCs and enhanced the emission; (2→3)alkaline pH facilitated the penetration of cysteine through the Au(I)-thiolate surroundings thereby allowing access to the embedded Au NCs; (c→d)cysteine molecules etch the Au(0) cores, causing the decomposition of the AIE-active Au NC system and quenching of the emission" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (c)Schematic illustration of sulfide-induced aggregation of Cu NCs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (d)A scheme depicting a plausible mechanism for how PSS stabilizes PA-CuNCs aggregates" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (e)－(f)Silver ions induce AIE-AuNCs luminescence enhancement" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (g) Schematic of fluorescent TA-CuNCs for sensing Pi" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "．" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348731&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348736&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348734&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "健康成人血浆中的半胱氨酸浓度约为250 μmol/L，有研究表明体液中半胱氨酸水平的异常与某些疾病的发生有关，因而被作为一些疾病的标志物。Wang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报道了基于化学刻蚀硫醇化络合物AIE金纳米簇(AIE-AuNCs)来快速检测半胱氨酸。这类AIE-AuNCs是在含有过量Au(I)-硫醇盐络合物的酸性溶液中形成的，溶液pH的升高促使Au(I)-硫醇盐络合物的外壳降解从而释放具有AIE活性的Au NCs，使得溶液的荧光发射增强。在碱性环境下，半胱氨酸能够轻易地穿过Au(I)-硫醇盐络合物的外壳，而与内部的金属核心接触，促使AIE-AuNCs分解从而导致溶液的荧光猝灭(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。该方法检测的半胱氨酸浓度的线性范围达9个数量级，AIE-AuNCs的相对荧光发射强度与半胱氨酸浓度对数呈线性关系，半胱氨酸浓度在10 pmol/L～150 μmol/L时，其相关系数为0.998 51，在150 μmol/L～2 mmol/L时，其相关系数为0.998 66。该方法的最低检测限达6.3 pmol/L，且对半胱氨酸的选择性优于其他19种天然氨基酸和谷胱甘肽。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "硫化氢(H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S)是一种有毒、无色、易燃气体，存在于原油、煤矿和天然气中。过量暴露于H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S会导致血液中毒甚至死亡。因此，急需开发一种具有选择性和灵敏性的分析方法检测H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S。Li等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "研究发现S" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2－" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以诱导半胱氨酸修饰的铜纳米团簇的聚集并产生AIE效应，并基于该发现开发了一种高选择性测定H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的荧光探针(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，在S" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2－" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度为0.2～50 μmol/L范围内时，该AIE-CuNCs的相对荧光强度与S" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2－" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度成正比，对S" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2－" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的检出限为42 nmol/L。Chen等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "制备了一种青霉胺(PA)修饰的铜纳米团簇(PA-CuNCs)，通过调节聚电解质聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PSS)的浓度来控制PA-CuNCs的聚集程度，合成了不同尺寸的铜纳米簇(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。该材料在水溶液中具有较好的分散性和较强的AIE性能，对H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的检测具有高灵敏度、高特异性和分析时间短等优点，对泉水样品中H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的检测限为650 nmol/L，低于世界卫生组织规定的在饮用水中允许的最高水平，可实现超低样品量(5 μL)和更短的分析时间(30 min)。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1.2　金属离子传感" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2a2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "除了分子传感之外，某些金属阳离子也可以特异性地诱导发光金属纳米团簇的AIE效应，产生的光学信号变化可以用于定量检测这些金属离子，并带来一些生活、工业等方面的应用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "银在电子、电镀、感光等行业的广泛应用，导致工业废水中残留大量银离子，以离子形式存在的银毒性最大，严重污染环境且危害人们的身体健康。目前，世界卫生组织(WHO)建议饮用水中允许的最大银离子浓度为0.1 mg/L(927 nmol/L)，美国环境保护署(EPA)建议最大限度为0.05 mg/L(464 nmol/L)。因此，银离子的检测对保护环境和维护人们的身体健康具有重要意义。Li等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发现Ag" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "＋" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以在不改变原子价态的情况下与金纳米簇形成聚合物(Ag@AIE-AuNCs，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，使金纳米团簇的AIE性能增强7.2倍。该响应具有快速可逆性，利用这一现象可以高效、快速地检测痕量Ag" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "＋" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(f)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(f)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "重金属铅离子在空气、水、土壤和食物中普遍存在且具有较大的毒性，对人体的健康有很大的危害。一般饮用水中铅含量的安全界限是100 μg/L，而最高可接受水平是50 μg/L。Han等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "利用谷胱甘肽保护的铜纳米团簇的特定AIE性能，设计了能够快速测出铅离子(Pb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2＋" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")的荧光分析方法。在Pb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2＋" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "存在时，CuNCs@GSH的荧光强度会相应地增强，并出现明显的橙黄色变化。基于该原理建立了检测Pb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2＋" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的荧光方法，检出限为106 μmol/L，实现了简单快速、高选择性的Pb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2＋" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "定量检测。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在人类活动的影响下，当生物所需的氮、磷等营养物质大量进入湖泊、河湖、海湾时，会引起藻类及其他浮游生物迅速繁殖、水体溶解氧量下降、水质恶化、鱼类及其他生物大量死亡的水体富营养化现象。因此，开发一种不受水介质中其他常见物种的干扰，可用于快速、简单地诊断水体富营养化程度的探针是十分必要的。Cao等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "制备了一种单宁酸(TA)修饰的铜纳米团簇(TA-CuNCs)荧光探针，能灵敏及特异检测磷酸盐离子。铕离子(Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3＋" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")能诱导TA-CuNCs的聚集使其荧光猝灭，当磷酸盐离子加入后，与Eu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3＋" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "竞争配位TA-CuNCs，从而使探针的荧光恢复(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(g)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(g)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。因此，通过TA-CuNCs的荧光变化可以定量检测磷酸盐离子的浓度，检出限为9.6 nmol/L。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1.3　温度传感" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2a3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "温度传感是利用热敏探测器件将感受到的温度转换成特定的输出信号。Xie等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通过添加抗溶剂实现了银纳米团簇(Ag" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "NCs)的凝胶化，制备了基于纳米团簇的金属有机凝胶(MOGs)。在凝胶化过程中，Ag" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "NCs的自组装引起AIE效应，以及荧光到磷光(F-P)转变，该特性可以通过加热-冷却循环进行可逆调节，是一类潜在的发光比率温度计制备材料(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。该温度传感器灵敏度高，具有潜在医学应用价值。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5.0 mmol/L 银纳米团簇水溶液(上)和分散在70%乙醇溶液中的5.0 mmol/L 银纳米团簇(下)在不同温度(83～293 K)下的荧光(365 nm激发)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Photos of a 5.0 mmol/L aqueous solution of Ag" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-NCs and a typical MOG with " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ag9" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "＝5.0 mmol/L and " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "EtOH" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "＝70% recovered from 83 to 293 K. Taken under 365 nm UV irradiation" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "．" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348738&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348745&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348740&type=" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2　在肿瘤诊疗中的应用" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.1　生物成像" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于近红外二区(NIR-Ⅱ，1 100～1 700 nm)的激光具有强组织穿透能力以及高空间分辨率，基于近红外二区激光的荧光成像技术已成为生物医学光学成像研究的热点领域。近年来，人们聚焦于开发出高生物相容性以及高量子产率的近红外二区荧光探针。无机荧光纳米材料，如单壁碳纳米管、半导体量子点、稀土纳米颗粒等由于在生理环境下稳定性好，目前已被广泛用作多功能血管成像和肿瘤成像。然而，由于大的亲水半径，大量的无机纳米颗粒不能通过肾脏快速排泄，这些物质在体内的持续积累可能导致潜在的生物毒性。此外，这些材料的荧光量子产率仍然较低，这些因素都阻碍了其在临床医学中的潜在应用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Liu等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "制备了一种由25个Au原子和18个谷胱甘肽配体组成的笼状近红外二区荧光分子。由于谷胱甘肽和Au原子之间的电荷转移，该团簇可发出700～1 350 nm范围的荧光。此外，其通过结构调控，可改变发光性质，进而提高Au" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "团簇的荧光量子产率。由于Au" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "团簇在近红外二区优良的荧光特性，其可以用于体内脑血管成像和肿瘤转移检测。由" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可见，Au" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "团簇作为探针应用于时间分辨的脑血流成像，清晰地反映出正常小鼠和脑损伤小鼠的大脑血管之间存在的显著差异，证明其在脑疾病的病理生理学方面有着广阔的应用前景。由" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可见，Au" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "团簇可以用于肿瘤向淋巴转移的高分辨率成像。最后，研究证明，Au" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "团簇能够被肾小球滤过进而经尿液快速排泄，并且在超高剂量(100 mg/kg)注射下仍未见急性和长期毒性。因此，Au" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "团簇作为NIR-Ⅱ荧光探针，具有极高的量子产率与生物相容性，其在生物医学荧光成像中具有重要的应用前景。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)脑损伤模型小鼠的脑部血管NIR Ⅱ高分辨率成像" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；(b)肿瘤向淋巴转移的NIR Ⅱ高分辨率成像" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Brain imaging of brain injured mouse in NIR-Ⅱ window" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)NIR-Ⅱ imaging of tumor metastasis in NIR-Ⅱ window" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348749&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348755&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348751&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "NIR-Ⅱ光致发光成像已用于对体内的深部组织进行成像，然而，如何设计NIR-Ⅱ发光纳米材料在不影响蛋白质体内生理特性的情况下有效地标记蛋白质仍然是一个很大的难题。Song等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "开发了一种高效的策略来合成具有良好生物相容性、环糊精(CD)保护的、具有明亮的NIR-Ⅱ区发光的金纳米团簇(CD-Au NCs)。依据该策略所合成的CD-Au NCs可以很容易地标记蛋白或抗体。此外，被CD-Au NCs标记后蛋白或抗体也能够在血液循环过程中被高效地示踪，而不影响其生物分布和肿瘤靶向能力，进而也可对肿瘤进行靶向的NIR-Ⅱ成像。此外，CD-Au NCs在复杂的生物环境中仍能保持稳定，具有良好的生物相容性和较高的肾脏清除效率。因此，这一研究开发的NIR-Ⅱ生物标记也为监测生物分子的生理行为提供了一个新型高效的平台。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.2　放疗增敏" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在临床上，放射治疗的高能射线会对人体正常组织造成伤害，这是难以完全避免的。有效的应对策略是使用高效的放疗增敏剂，它能够通过增强肿瘤部位的有效辐射剂量，以此减少对正常组织的影响。小分子放射增敏剂作为传统的增敏剂具有较多优点，比如低毒性、快速排泄的特性等。但是肿瘤组织中对于传统放射增敏剂的摄取较低，对于增强放射治疗效果并不明显。为了有效提高放射治疗效果，研究人员研究了新型的纳米金属材料，较高的原子序数使得它能够增强二次电子的产率和光电吸收。除此之外，表面修饰后的纳米金属材料可以利用它体内血液滞留性的增强，从而提高肿瘤的摄取，实现有效的放射增敏。但是，人体内的内皮网状细胞容易吸收大尺寸的纳米颗粒，经过肝脏的代谢，会引起部位纳米材料的长期积累，导致肝毒性的产生。综上所述，放疗增敏应用于临床的前提是找到一种能够快速排泄、靶向肿瘤的放射增敏剂。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Zhang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发现了一种新型金纳米团簇放射增敏剂，它由18个谷胱甘肽配体保护的25个金原子组成。它能够被肿瘤高效地摄取，达到提高放射治疗效果的目的。另外，由于它具有2 nm的小尺寸，可以被肾脏有效地清除，并且它也没有表现出明显短期乃至长期的毒性。Zhang在此基础上，研究了一种新的分子结构，它是由被10～12个谷胱甘肽配体保护的10～12个金原子组成的。首先，该纳米金属团簇分子在血液中的血液滞留性增强，表现出典型的两相清除。其次，在肿瘤中的摄取上，该纳米分子可以达到50% ID/g以上。而且能够在肿瘤摄取中没有明显衰减的同时，保持50 h，从而达到高效放射增敏的目的。最后，这种新型金属团簇还可以在体内被肾脏有效地清除，并且这种纳米分子在28 d后几乎没有任何残留在体内其他的脏器中。因此，这种具有低毒、高效、肿瘤靶向特性的金纳米团簇，作为新型放射增敏剂有较大的研究潜力。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.3　肿瘤治疗" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "光动力治疗是临床肿瘤治疗新兴的治疗技术，通过利用体外光源激活光敏剂的动力学反应，产生活性氧杀伤肿瘤细胞。为促进这一治疗手段在深部肿瘤治疗中的应用，近几年发展了X射线激发的光动力学疗法(X-PDT)，利用X射线深层穿透力，同时联合了X射线的放疗效应，可实现对深部耐辐照肿瘤的联合消融。目前报道的X-PDT策略大多是基于纳米闪烁体将X射线转化为光能，进一步激发相应光敏剂的光动力反应。近期有研究利用了金纳米团簇在X射线激发下的AIE效应，诱导对耐辐照肿瘤的X-PDT杀伤效果；同时，金原子作为放射增敏剂，提高了放疗杀伤效力，大大减少了对正常组织的辐照损伤。Sun等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以阳离子聚合物PEI与GSH-AuNCs通过交联聚集作用，合成了具有AIE性能的金纳米簇聚集体(AIE-GCs)，其X射线激发发光(XEOL)强度提高了5.2倍(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，XEOL光谱与孟加拉玫瑰红光敏剂的吸收光谱可以较好匹配，因此偶联了大量孟加拉玫瑰红光敏剂后(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，制备的AIE-Au在低剂量X射线激发下可以实现高效的低剂量X射线诱导光动力治疗(X-PDT)；另外，在低剂量X射线照射下，AIE-Au能强吸收X射线并有效产生羟基自由基，增强放疗效果。细胞和动物实验表明，AIE-Au有效地触发了耐辐照肿瘤细胞内活性氧的生成，从而介导了低剂量X射线激发的高效癌症治疗(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "金纳米簇聚集体AIE-GCs(a)和R-AIE-Au(b)的制备；(c)R-AIE-Au用于耐辐照肿瘤的荧光/CT成像指导的X射线激发联合治疗" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematics showing the preparation of AIE-GCs(a) and R-AIE-Au(b) nanosensitizers. (c)A working model of R-AIE-Au for fluorescence and CT imaging-guided X-ray-induced enhanced RT and PDT" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "．" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348759&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348766&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348763&type=" } ] } } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　非硫醇盐类修饰的铱(Ⅲ)纳米团簇" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "除了硫醇修饰的金、银、铜纳米团簇外，一些吡啶基和苯环类修饰的铱纳米团簇也具有较高的磷光发光效率、良好的光热稳定性以及较短的激发态寿命等优点" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R26", "R27" ], "text": "26-27", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，强烈的自旋偶合作用使得金属铱配合物既有金属到配体、又有配体到配体的电荷转移过程。其中金属到配体的激发态很大程度影响了金属铱配合物的发光，因此可以通过改变配体结构从而获得不同发射波长的光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。以下描述的铱(Ⅲ)纳米团簇例子均为以铱配合物和其他分子或者配体结合形成的复合物。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "聚集诱导磷光发射(Aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission，AIPE)的铱配合物在自然聚集的过程中能够发射磷光，同时保留铱的高发光效率、良好的光热稳定性以及较短的激发态寿命的特点。此外，铱(Ⅲ)配合物还具有良好的细胞安全性和细胞膜渗透性，有利于活细胞成像" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R29", "R30" ], "text": "29-30", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。设计和合成这类配合物在有机发光材料、细胞成像、光催化、刺激响应、检测等领域可能会有更多发展。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "线粒体能够产生人体所需的ATP，被称为细胞的动力源泉。并且线粒体参与脂质的修饰、氧化还原平衡、钙平衡、细胞分化、细胞周期、细胞生长甚至控制了细胞死亡，其形状、形体是高度动态的。因此，示踪与多种细胞功能有关的线粒体形状的改变至关重要。Chen等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报道了一种利用2-(2-吡啶基)苯并噻吩和10-苯并噻唑做配体、具有AIPE效应的[Ir(btp)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(PhenSe)]" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "＋" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，用于活细胞内特定线粒体成像(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。与市售的线粒体染料MitoTracker Green FM(MTG)相比，这种铱(Ⅲ)的复合物具有多种优势，例如无需更换培养基、在固定的细胞中保持特定的线粒体染色、优异的光稳定性以及对线粒体膜电位丧失的高抵抗力。这项研究有助于在活细胞细胞器的研究中引入开发成像剂的新策略。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)铱(Ⅲ)配合物[Ir(btp)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(PhenSe)]" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "＋" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "染色HeLa细胞的实时成像" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；(b)Ir1～Ir5的化学结构" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；(c)与Ir1～Ir5共孵育后HeLa细胞的共聚焦磷光成像(Lane 1：Ir1～Ir5的共聚焦成像；Lane 2：MTR的共聚焦成像；Lane 3：明场；Lane 4：1和2叠加图像)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；(d)在可见光范围内，随着环氧基配体和膦配体的变化，固态铱配合物发射颜色的变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；(e)PEG-PLA包覆发光铱配合物纳米颗粒的合成示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；(f)PEG-PLA包覆铱配合物6纳米颗粒与HeLa细胞共孵育4 h后的细胞荧光成像" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Real-time imaging of HeLa cells stained with Ir1(5 μmol/L)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)Chemical structures of the Ir1－Ir5 complexes. (c)Confocal phosphorescence images and their images overlaid with bright-field images of living HeLa cells incubated with Ir1－Ir5" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (d)Tuning of emission color in solid state throughout the visible range with variation of the cyclometalated and phosphine ligands" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (e)Schematic representation of the synthesis of luminescent iridium complex encapsulated PEG-PLA nanoparticles" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (f)Bright field(BF) and luminescence(L) image of HeLa cells labelled with iridium complex(6) encapsulated PEG-PLA particles. Cells are incubated with particles for 4 h" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348771&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348778&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348774&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "线粒体自噬(Mitophagy)是细胞自噬装置对线粒体的靶向吞噬和破坏，通常被认为是线粒体质量和数量控制的主要机制。Jin等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "采用了一种策略，通过将金属铱(Ⅲ)配合物上的三苯氨基与不同的2-苯基咪唑[4，5-f][1，10]" }, { "name": "text", "data": "菲啰啉衍生物组装，合成了一系列具有AIE性质的环金属化铱(Ⅲ)配合物(Ir1-Ir5)(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。作为AIE磷光剂，这些配合物不仅能耐受线粒体内部苛刻的酸性环境，而且比商品化的线粒体染料MTG具有更好的光稳定性。此外，这些配合物和溶酶体绿色荧光探针联合使用还能实时检测线粒体自噬过程。使用500 nmol/L浓度的材料与HeLa细胞在37 ℃的条件下共孵育后，能够通过共聚焦成像技术清晰地定位细胞内线粒体的位置(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。结合共聚焦成像和电感耦合等离子体质谱ICP-MS的检测数据能够得出细胞对Ir(Ⅲ)配合物的摄取在8 min内达到饱和，因此仅需要将材料与细胞进行5～10 min的孵育即能得到最佳的成像效果。细胞摄取实验结果表明，这些Ir配合物是通过非内吞的主动转运方法穿过细胞膜的。这些线粒体特异性探针扩展了AIE环金属化铱(Ⅲ)配合物探针的种类，有助于深入了解与疾病有关的线粒体过程，对未来生物成像领域有着极其重要的意义。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Alam等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报道了一锅法合成的多种单环金属化铱(Ⅲ)配合物，通过改变配体结构，可以在整个可见光范围内完成配合物发射波长的调节。其中，研究人员发现随着环金属化配体的变化，观察到颜色的急剧变化，而对于膦配体的变化则反映出较小的影响(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。利用PEG-PLA对铱配合物包裹成纳米颗粒后(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，这些亲水的纳米颗粒具有很强的荧光发射能力，具有作为细胞成像荧光探针的潜力(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(f)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(f)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　结论与展望" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "具有AIE性能的金属纳米簇用于生物医学领域具有以下优点：一、在诊断方面可以提高灵敏度。生物医学检测常面临可用检测物量少而灵敏度低的难题，高效AIE性能的金属纳米团簇为痕量检测物的诊断提供了更大的可能性。二、扩大了检测范围和检测物的灵活可调性。AIE特性可随检测物增加而产生聚集后的光强度增强或者解聚集后的光强度减弱的响应，从而通过灵活连接不同靶标检测物进行检测。三、制备简单高效，不易猝灭。因此，具有AIE性能的金属纳米团簇在生物医学领域受到越来越多的关注。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "研究者们已经成功设计合成了AIE性能增强的硫醇修饰的金属纳米团簇，其具有较高的发光量子产率，伴随较大的斯托克斯位移和较长的发光寿命。常规的制备策略是选择合适的主配体结合后，用表面活性剂修饰，形成大小均匀、分散性好的纳米团簇。这类金纳米团簇表面配体性质以及含量的改变可以调节其AIE性能的表现，其机理已经有初步的研究。提高发光性能的策略是：通过有效限制表面基元的分子内/分子间运动(即振动和旋转)来增强发光强度，最大限度减少非辐射衰变。相应地也发展了银、铜等AIE纳米团簇的改良合成及其生物应用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在未来的研究中，我们需要确定好金属纳米团簇中心金属与配体结构对其AIE性能的影响，提高对金属纳米团簇发光性能的可预测性和可定制性；开发具有近红外区吸收或发射的水溶性好、尺寸小的高发光性能的AIE型金属纳米团簇，挖掘其在生物医疗领域的潜在优势；细化明确AIE型金属纳米团簇等工作仍需更进一步的探索。相信随着研究的深入，将会有更多高品质的AIE金属纳米团簇逐渐被发掘，并对人类发展起到更多更重要的作用。" } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献：" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SHANG L" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "XU J" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "NIENHAUS G U" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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