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Advances in Recoverable Mechanoluminescence in Inorganic Materials
Invited Review | Updated：2021-04-23
|
Advances in Recoverable Mechanoluminescence in Inorganic Materials
- Chinese Journal of Luminescence Vol.42, Issue 4, (2021)
- Affiliations：Department of Physics, Ocean University of China,Qingdao,China,266100
- Author bio：
- Funds：National Natural Science Foundation of China(11774189;11404181)
- DOI：10.37188/CJL.20200398 CLC： O482.31
Published：01 April 2021，
Received：25 December 2020，
Revised：16 January 2021，
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Cite this article
Yi-qian TANG, Jian-xiong LEI, Xiao-ming ZHANG, et al. Advances in Recoverable Mechanoluminescence in Inorganic Materials. [J]. Chinese Journal of Luminescence 42(4):404-418(2021)
Yi-qian TANG, Jian-xiong LEI, Xiao-ming ZHANG, et al. Advances in Recoverable Mechanoluminescence in Inorganic Materials. [J]. Chinese Journal of Luminescence 42(4):404-418(2021) DOI： 10.37188/CJL.20200398.
Advances in Recoverable Mechanoluminescence in Inorganic Materials
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"data": "许多类型的材料在机械刺激下会发光，这些机械刺激可以是摩擦、冲击、压缩、拉伸、弯曲、扭曲、摇晃、刮擦、磨碎、压碎、切割等"
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"data": "。1978年，Chandra提出“应力发光”(Mechanoluminescence)的总称，用来描述任何机械刺激作用于材料产生的光发射"
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"data": "。粗略地估计，大约50%的无机化合物和30%的固体有机分子在断裂过程中会产生应力发光现象"
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"data": "。但这种应力发光属于不可逆性的破坏应力发光，限制了这些材料的实际应用。"
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"data": [
{
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"data": "1999年，Xu等首次报道了ZnS∶Mn"
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"data": "材料的高亮度可再生应力发光，并介绍了将无机应力发光材料与有机弹性体复合用于目标结构应力或应变可视化观测的基本原理"
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"name": "text",
"data": "。这些发现为应力发光材料创造了解决现实问题的机会，从而引发了研究人员对应力发光的研究兴趣。在过去的二十年中，随着新型高性能应力发光材料的不断发现，人们对可再生应力发光机理的理解逐渐加深，应力发光的应用范围也从应力传感器扩展到机械刺激驱动的光源或显示以及生物科学领域"
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"data": "。这些成果加快了应力发光的实用化进程，并推动应力发光研究走向新的高度。"
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"data": [
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"data": "本文主要对可再生应力发光材料的分类、表征、机理和应用四个方面进行了综述，并讨论了无机可再生应力发光材料研究和应用所面临的机遇和挑战。"
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"data": "为应力发光的分类图。应力发光可分为三类，前两类为形变发光和破坏发光。固体材料在受到能量逐渐增大的机械刺激时，会依次发生弹性形变、塑性形变和最终的破裂。在这些过程中产生的发光现象分别被称为弹性应力发光、塑性应力发光和破坏应力发光"
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{
"name": "text",
"data": "。弹性应力发光和塑性应力发光统称形变应力发光，属于非破坏性应力发光。特别是在弹性形变的范围内，材料在循环的机械刺激下可以产生可重现的应力发光信号，而且应力发光强度与所施加的应力强度成线性关系"
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},
{
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"data": "。因此，弹性应力发光在应力传感方面具有很高的应用价值，可用于目标结构应力分布的实时监测和成像"
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"data": "。与形变应力发光不同，破坏应力发光与材料的不可逆性结构损伤有关，发光主要源于化学键断裂时的能量释放"
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"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R15",
"data": [
{
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"data": "15"
}
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}
},
{
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"data": "-"
},
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"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "17",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R17",
"data": [
{
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"data": "17"
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],
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"R17"
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{
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。第三类应力发光是摩擦发光，它是两种特定类型的材料在接触或分离时产生的发光现象，发光取决于用于施加机械刺激的材料的性质"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ","
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "14",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R14",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "14"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。摩擦发光可进一步分为摩擦电诱导的发光、摩擦化学诱导的发光和摩擦热诱导的发光"
},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "13",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R13",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "13"
}
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}
},
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}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
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"label": [
{
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"data": "图1"
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"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "应力发光分类"
}
]
},
{
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"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.1"
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],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Schematic diagram of mechanoluminescence"
}
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}
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"data": "虽然"
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"text": "图1",
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"rid": "F1",
"data": [
{
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}
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{
"name": "text",
"data": "对应力发光现象从发光机制上进行了分类，但将机械能转换为光能的实际过程很复杂。例如，有的材料在一种机械刺激下的应力发光可由两种或多种机制共同导致(如ZnS∶Cu材料在机械磨擦下可同时产生弹性应力发光和摩擦电发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "18",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R18",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "18"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，有的材料的应力发光机制仍不清楚(如ZnS和CaZnOS系列)，因此会出现难以对应力发光材料进行明确分类的情况。在这种背景下，我们从实际应用所需求的可重复使用的角度出发，提出从现象上将应力发光材料简单地分为可再生型和不可再生型两类。我们定义可再生应力发光材料的特征为:在无损材料结构的应力范围内，材料可对循环的机械刺激做出重复的应力发光响应，其应力发光强度不仅具有可重现再生性，而且与应力强度之间存在定量关系"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
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"data": [
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"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "表1",
"type": "table",
"rid": "T1",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "表1"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "列举了代表性的无机可再生应力发光材料。材料基质可分为电介质(例如SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、BaSi"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "N"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、NaNbO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "等)和半导体(例如ZnS、CaZnOS等)两类。激活剂离子主要包括镧系离子(例如Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、Ce"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、Pr"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "等)和过渡金属离子(例如Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、Cu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "+/2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "等)。通过在材料基质中掺杂具有不同特征发射的发光离子，应力发光光谱的波长可以覆盖近紫外-可见-近红外波段(3751 550 nm)，从而为应力发光的可视化观测、机械刺激驱动的光源和显示以及生物科学领域的应用提供了丰富的可选择波段或特定波长。"
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"label": [
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}
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"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "代表性的无机可再生应力发光材料及其特征"
}
]
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"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Tab.1"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Representative inorganic materials with recoverable ML and their characteristics"
}
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"data": [
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"data": [
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"data": "*: Cu离子的价态不确定。"
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"data": "应力发光材料的制备方法主要包括高温固相法"
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},
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}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、溶胶-凝胶法"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
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"data": "["
},
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"text": "51",
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},
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]
},
{
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"data": "、超声波热解技术"
},
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"data": "["
},
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"data": {
"text": "52",
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]
},
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"data": "、物理气相沉积"
},
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"data": [
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"data": "["
},
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"data": {
"text": "53",
"type": "bibr",
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}
]
}
},
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"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、磁控溅射技术"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "54",
"type": "bibr",
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}
},
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "等。其中，高温固相反应是最简单、最常用的方法，"
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"data": {
"text": "表1",
"type": "table",
"rid": "T1",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "表1"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "中的应力发光材料均可采用该方法合成。高温固相法合成的应力发光材料通常是微米尺寸的多晶颗粒。"
}
]
},
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"name": "p",
"data": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "在应力发光材料的表征和应用过程中，通常是将所制备的微米级颗粒与光学透明的弹性聚合物混合，通过丝网印刷、浸涂、旋涂和喷涂等技术将其涂敷于目标结构表面，从而制得一类弹性的应力发光涂层("
},
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"data": {
"text": "图2",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F2",
"data": [
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"data": "图2"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "40",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R40",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "40"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。紧密贴敷于目标结构表面的应力发光涂层可以将结构所承受的机械刺激转化为应力发光，从而通过对应力发光图像的采集和分析，获得目标结构中应力分布的动态图像和信息。"
}
]
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{
"lang": "zh",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图2"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "应力发光涂层的机械刺激施加和应力发光信号采集系统示意图"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "40",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R40",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "40"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.2"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Schematic representation of mechanical stimuli-signal collection system of ML composite coating"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "40",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R40",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "40"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
}
]
}
],
"subcaption": [],
"note": [],
"graphics": [
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},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "利用将应力发光颗粒和弹性聚合物复合的方法可以制备出具有不同结构的应力发光弹性体，不仅可以丰富应力发光材料的功能，也能够拓宽其应用领域。"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图3",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F3",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图3"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "列举了具有不同结构的应力发光弹性体，包括将弹性聚合物与应力发光颗粒复合制成的弹性薄膜("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图3(a)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F3",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图3(a)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "34",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R34",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "34"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、将应力发光颗粒填充于具有栅格结构的弹性聚合物中制成的复合薄膜("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图3(b)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F3",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图3(b)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "18",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R18",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "18"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、由应力发光层和磁性材料层组成的双层复合结构("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图3(c)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F3",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图3(c)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "55",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R55",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "55"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、由应力发光层包覆圆柱形或十字型聚合物纤芯制成的弹性纤维("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图3(d)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F3",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图3(d)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、(e))"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "blockXref",
"data": {
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "56",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R56",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "56"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "57",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R57",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "57"
}
]
}
}
],
"rid": [
"R56",
"R57"
],
"text": "56-57",
"type": "bibr"
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "以及将应力发光颗粒制成复合浆料后打印的二维或三维结构("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图3(f)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F3",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图3(f)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "58",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R58",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "58"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "fig",
"data": {
"id": "F3",
"caption": [
{
"lang": "zh",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图3"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "具有不同结构的应力发光弹性体的SEM和光学照片，应力发光弹性体由应力发光颗粒和弹性聚合物复合而成。(a)由弹性聚合物包裹应力发光颗粒制成的复合薄膜的截面SEM图像"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "34",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R34",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "34"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(b)将应力发光颗粒填充于弹性聚合物栅格结构制成的复合薄膜的表面SEM图像"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "18",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R18",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "18"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(c)由应力发光层和磁性材料层组成的双层结构的界面SEM图像"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "55",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R55",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "55"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(d)由应力发光层包覆圆柱形聚合物纤芯制成的弹性纤维的SEM图像"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "56",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R56",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "56"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(e)由应力发光层包覆十字形聚合物纤芯制成的弹性纤维的SEM图像"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "57",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R57",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "57"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(f)应力发光复合物浆料的直写打印照片"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "58",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R58",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "58"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.3"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "SEM and optical images of ML elastomers with different structures. The ML elastomers are composed of ML particles and polymer elastomers. (a)SEM image of the cross-section of a composite film consisting of polymer elastomers encapsulating ML particles"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "34",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R34",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "34"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (b)SEM image of the surface of a composite film composed of cell-structured elastomer filled with ML particles"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "18",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R18",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "18"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (c)SEM image of the interface of a double-layer structure composed of the ML composite and the magnetic elastomer"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "55",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R55",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "55"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (d)SEM image of a composite fiber with a cylindrical elastomeric fiber-frame covered by a ML layer"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "56",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R56",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "56"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (e)SEM image of a composite fiber with a cross-shaped elastomeric fiber-frame covered by a ML layer"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "57",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R57",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "57"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (f)Optical image of direct writing printing of ML composite paste"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "58",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R58",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "58"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "."
}
]
}
],
"subcaption": [],
"note": [],
"graphics": [
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图4",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F4",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "以示意图的形式展示了用于表征应力发光材料及其弹性复合体应力发光特性的一系列设备。这些设备主要包括不同机械刺激的施加装置和应力发光信号的采集系统。根据所施加机械刺激的不同，应力发光测试可分为压缩测试("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图4(a)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F4",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4(a)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "14",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R14",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "14"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、拉伸测试("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图4(a)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F4",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4(a)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "14",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R14",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "14"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、摩擦测试("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图4(b)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F4",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4(b)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "14",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R14",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "14"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、碰撞测试("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图4(c)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F4",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4(c)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "59",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R59",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "59"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、超声振动测试("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图4(d)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F4",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4(d)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "60",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R60",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "60"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、扭转测试("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图4(e)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F4",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4(e)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "61",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R61",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "61"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、气流驱动测试("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图4(f)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F4",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4(f)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "以及对单颗粒的应力发光测试("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图4(g)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F4",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4(g)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "63",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R63",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "63"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。不同的测试需要采用不同的机械刺激施加装置。应力发光信号的采集系统主要包括电荷耦合器件(CCD)相机和光电倍增管(PMT)检测器。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "fig",
"data": {
"id": "F4",
"caption": [
{
"lang": "zh",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "不同应力发光表征装置示意图。(a)压缩和拉伸测试"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "14",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R14",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "14"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(b)摩擦测试"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "14",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R14",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "14"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(c)碰撞测试"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "59",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R59",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "59"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(d)超声振动测试"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "60",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R60",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "60"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(e)扭转测试"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "61",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R61",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "61"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(f)气流驱动测试"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(g)单颗粒应力发光测试"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "63",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R63",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "63"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.4"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Schematic diagram of ML characterization apparatus. (a)Compression and tension tests"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "14",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R14",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "14"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (b)Friction test"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "14",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R14",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "14"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (c)Impact test"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "59",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R59",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "59"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (d)Ultrasonic vibration test"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "60",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R60",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "60"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (e)Torque test"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "61",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R61",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "61"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (f)Gas flow-driven test"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (g)ML test of single particle"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "63",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R63",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "63"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "."
}
]
}
],
"subcaption": [],
"note": [],
"graphics": [
{
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},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "展示了联合不同类型的应力发光材料、应力发光结构、机械刺激施加装置所拍摄的应力发光图像。选取不同类型的应力发光材料可以使器件发出不同颜色(或波长)的应力发光，如可见光区的红光、黄光、绿光、蓝光、白光等("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5(a)(n)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5(a)(n)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "5",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "5"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ","
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ","
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "38",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R38",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "38"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ","
},
{
"name": "blockXref",
"data": {
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "56",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R56",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "56"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "57",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R57",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "57"
}
]
}
}
],
"rid": [
"R56",
"R57"
],
"text": "56-57",
"type": "bibr"
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ","
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ","
},
{
"name": "blockXref",
"data": {
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "64",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R64",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "64"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "67",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R67",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "67"
}
]
}
}
],
"rid": [
"R64",
"R65",
"R66",
"R67"
],
"text": "64-67",
"type": "bibr"
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，以及非可见光区的近红外光("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5(o)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5(o)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "45",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R45",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "45"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。采用不同的应力发光结构可以使器件适用于多种机械刺激场景，如薄膜的拉伸发光("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5(c)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5(c)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "38",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R38",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "38"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、超声驱动的应力发光("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5f",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5f"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "64",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R64",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "64"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、三点弯曲应力发光("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5(g)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5(g)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "65",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R65",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "65"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、马尾状条带("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5(h)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5(h)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "或圆柱状阵列("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5(i)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5(i)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的气流驱动发光、磁性材料复合圆柱阵列的磁场驱动发光("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5(j)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5(j)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "66",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R66",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "66"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、同心方形器件("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5(k)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5(k)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "67",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R67",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "67"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "或弹性纤维编织物("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5(l)~(m)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5(l)~(m)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "blockXref",
"data": {
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "56",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R56",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "56"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "57",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R57",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "57"
}
]
}
}
],
"rid": [
"R56",
"R57"
],
"text": "56-57",
"type": "bibr"
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的图案化应力发光，以及U型器件的裂缝区应力发光("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5(n)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5(n)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "21",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R21",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "21"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "等。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "fig",
"data": {
"id": "F5",
"caption": [
{
"lang": "zh",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "由不同机械刺激驱动的不同材料或构件的应力发光图像。(a)压缩SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "复合物圆盘的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(b)压缩(Ba,Ca)TiO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Pr"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "复合物圆盘的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(c)拉伸ZnS∶Cu复合物薄膜的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "38",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R38",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "38"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(d)摩擦ZnS∶Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "复合物薄膜的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "5",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "5"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(e)落球碰撞ZnS∶Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "复合物薄膜的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "5",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "5"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(f)超声激励BaSi"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "N"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "复合物圆盘的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "64",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R64",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "64"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(g)三点弯曲SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "复合物构件的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "65",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R65",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "65"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(h)气流驱动ZnS∶Cu复合物条带的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(i)气流驱动ZnS∶Cu圆柱形复合物阵列的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(j)磁场驱动的ZnS∶Al"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ",Cu基圆柱形复合物的三色应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "66",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R66",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "66"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(k)压缩ZnS∶Cu/Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "同心方形器件的双图案化应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "67",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R67",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "67"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(l)拉伸ZnS∶Cu弹性纤维编织物的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "57",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R57",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "57"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(m)拉伸ZnS∶Cu/Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "弹性纤维编织物的双色图案化应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "56",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R56",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "56"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(n)压缩SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ",Dy"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "陶瓷构件时裂缝传播的应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "21",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R21",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "21"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(o)手写激励CaZnOS:Nd"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "复合物样品的近红外波段应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "45",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R45",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "45"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.5"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ML images of different materials or devices driven by different mechanical stimuli. (a)Compression-driven ML of SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " composite disk"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (b)Compression-driven ML of (Ba,Ca)TiO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Pr"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " composite disk"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (c)Stretching-driven ML of ZnS∶Cu composite film"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "38",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R38",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "38"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (d)Friction-driven ML of ZnS∶Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " composite film"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "5",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "5"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (e)Falling-ball-impact-driven ML of ZnS∶Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " composite film"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "5",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "5"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (f)Ultrasonic-driven ML of BaSi"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "N"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " composite disk"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "64",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R64",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "64"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (g)Three-point-bending-driven ML of SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " composite device"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "65",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R65",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "65"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (h)Gas-flow-driven ML of ZnS∶Cu composite strips"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (i)Gas-flow-driven ML of ZnS∶Cu cylindrical composite array"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (j)Magnetic-induced tricolor ML of ZnS∶Al"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ",Cu-based cylindrical composite device"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "66",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R66",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "66"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (k)Compression-driven dual-patterned ML of ZnS∶Cu/Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " concentric-square composite device"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "67",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R67",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "67"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (l)Stretching-driven ML of elastic fabric woven by ZnS∶Cu composite fibers"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "57",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R57",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "57"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (m)Stretching-driven ML pattern of elastic fabric woven by ZnS∶Cu/Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " bicolor composite fibers"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "56",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R56",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "56"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (n)Crack-propagation-driven ML of SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ",Dy"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " ceramic device under compression"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "21",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R21",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "21"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (o)Handwriting driven near-infrared ML of CaZnOS∶Nd"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " composite sample"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "45",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R45",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "45"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "."
}
]
}
],
"subcaption": [],
"note": [],
"graphics": [
{
"print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349075&type=",
"small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349083&type=",
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"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4 可再生应力发光机理讨论"
}
],
"level": "1",
"id": "s4"
}
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "现有的无机可再生应力发光材料绝大多数属于陷阱控制型发光材料，目前普遍采用压电场或摩擦电场诱导的载流子释出模型解释其应力发光机理"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。该模型主要包括两个过程，首先是材料中电荷载流子陷阱对受激电子和空穴的俘获，然后是机械作用产生电场(压电场或摩擦电场)，电场激励被陷电荷载流子释出，进而产生发光。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "根据在重复机械刺激下应力发光的恢复条件，可再生应力发光材料可分为光辐照恢复型和自恢复型两类。光辐照恢复型可再生应力发光材料主要包括"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "表1",
"type": "table",
"rid": "T1",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "表1"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "中镧系离子激活的电介质材料，如SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "系列、Ca"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Al"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "SiO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Ce"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、Ca"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "MgSi"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、(Ba,Ca)TiO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Pr"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、BaSi"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "N"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、Sr"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Sn"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Sm"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、LiNbO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Pr"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "和NaNbO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Pr"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "等。"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图6(a)、(b)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F6",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图6(a)、(b)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "以NaNbO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Pr"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "材料为例介绍了光辐照恢复型可再生应力发光材料的发光特征"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "34",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R34",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "34"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。在首个机械刺激(压缩或摩擦)循环后，材料的应力发光强度随循环次数的增加而逐渐衰减，但在机械循环结束时将材料用紫外光辐照，可将其应力发光强度恢复到初始状态。笔者描绘了光辐照恢复型可再生应力发光的机理示意图("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图6(c)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F6",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图6(c)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")。主要包括以下4个过程:"
}
]
},
{
"name": "fig",
"data": {
"id": "F6",
"caption": [
{
"lang": "zh",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图6"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "光辐照恢复型可再生应力发光材料的光发射特性和发光机理示意图。NaNbO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Pr"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "复合物圆盘在循环压缩(a)和循环摩擦(b)下的应力发光响应"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "34",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R34",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "34"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，插图为该材料在周期性机械刺激下应力发光的衰减行为以及在紫外线照射后应力发光的恢复行为;(c)光辐照恢复型可再生应力发光机理示意图。"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.6"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ML properties and luminescent mechanism of recoverable ML materials requiring light-irradiation charging. ML responses of NaNbO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Pr"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " composite disk under cyclic compression(a) and cyclic friction(b)"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "34",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R34",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "34"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". The insets show the decay behavior of ML under cyclic mechanical stimuli and the recovery behavior of ML after UV exposure. (c)Schematic diagram of ML mechanism of recoverable ML materials that require pre-irradiation and post-irradiation."
}
]
}
],
"subcaption": [],
"note": [],
"graphics": [
{
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},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ⅰ.光激励(例如紫外光辐照)分离正负电荷，陷阱俘获电荷载流子;"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ⅱ.力激励通过压电效应或摩擦电效应激发压电场或摩擦电场，电场的施加使能带发生倾斜"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "68",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R68",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "68"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，陷阱深度降低"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "blockXref",
"data": {
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "69",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R69",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "69"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "71",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R71",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "71"
}
]
}
}
],
"rid": [
"R69",
"R70",
"R71"
],
"text": "69-71",
"type": "bibr"
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，被陷阱俘获的电荷载流子释出后发生复合并将能量传递给发光中心，产生发光;"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ⅲ.陷阱俘获的电荷载流子被力激励不断消耗，从而导致应力发光强度随力激励次数增多逐渐减弱;"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ⅳ.再一次的光激励为排空的陷阱充电(即ⅲ→ⅰ)，恢复应力发光强度。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "自恢复型可再生应力发光材料是一类特别的发光材料，其应力发光强度在循环的机械刺激下可以稳定地输出，不需要光激励对材料充电，非常适合用于缺乏光激励条件的应用场景。过渡金属激活的半导体材料ZnS∶Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "/Cu是其典型代表。Wang等测试了ZnS∶Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "复合薄膜在多次循环弯曲下的应力发光响应("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图7(a)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图7(a)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，在上万次的循环弯曲下，该材料依然能够产生稳定的光发射，表现出卓越的应力发光自恢复特性"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "71",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R71",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "71"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。考虑到ZnS材料的半导体属性，Chandra等认为“漂流电荷的产生”是导致自恢复应力发光的原因"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "72",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R72",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "72"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，但并未给出具体的物理图像。根据该假说和笔者的理解"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，笔者描绘了自恢复型可再生应力发光的机理示意图("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图7(b)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图7(b)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，其可分为4个过程:"
}
]
},
{
"name": "fig",
"data": {
"id": "F7",
"caption": [
{
"lang": "zh",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图7"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "自恢复型可再生应力发光材料的光发射特性和发光机理示意图。(a)ZnS∶Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "复合薄膜在循环弯曲下的稳定应力发光响应"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "71",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R71",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "71"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(b)自恢复型可再生应力发光机理示意图。"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.7"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ML properties and luminescent mechanism of self-recoverable ML materials. (a)Stable ML response of ZnS∶Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " composite film under cyclic bending test"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "71",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R71",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "71"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (b)Schematic diagram of ML mechanism of self-recoverable ML materials."
}
]
}
],
"subcaption": [],
"note": [],
"graphics": [
{
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},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ⅰ.力激励分离正负电荷(压电效应或摩擦电效应)，由于材料的半导体性，产生漂流电荷，部分电荷载流子被陷阱俘获;"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ⅱ.力激励激发的电场(压电场或摩擦电场)诱导能带倾斜，使陷阱深度降低，被陷阱俘获的电荷载流子释出后发生复合并将能量传递给发光中心，产生发光;"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ⅲ.被排空的陷阱通过俘获漂流电荷被再次充电，再一次的力激励可产生新的漂流电荷(即ⅲ →ⅰ)，使应力发光在连续的力激励下可保持稳定的输出，从而产生自恢复的应力发光现象。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "需要指出的是，相对于被普遍接受的光辐照恢复型可再生应力发光过程，目前自恢复型应力发光的基本过程仍存在众多争议。例如，并不是所有的半导体型应力发光材料都具有自恢复应力发光的特性。ZnS∶Co"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ",Ag"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "材料的基质虽然也是ZnS半导体，但Wu等发现在循环超声激励下其应力发光连续减弱，需要在光辐照充电的条件下才能产生稳定的应力发光输出"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "39",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R39",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "39"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。因此，ZnS∶Co"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ",Ag"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "不是自恢复型应力发光材料，而是光辐照型应力发光材料。此外，多个课题组的研究表明CaZnOS和SrZnOS半导体系列也不是自恢复型的应力发光材料，在连续的机械刺激下其应力发光产生明显的衰减"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "40",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R40",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "40"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ","
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "45",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R45",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "45"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ","
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "73",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R73",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "73"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。更有意思的是，研究人员发现电介质材料中也存在不需要光激励的自恢复应力发光现象。例如，Xu等报道了SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "在80300 ℃退火后具有自恢复应力发光特性"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "74",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R74",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "74"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。Zhou等报道了Lu"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Al"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "5"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Ce"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "基复合弹性体也能够产生不需光激励的自恢复应力发光"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "37",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R37",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "37"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。这些结果表明，半导体和电介质材料导电性的差异可能不是决定应力发光自恢复与否的唯一因素。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "另一方面，考虑到自恢复型应力发光不需要光辐照充电，而且ZnS系列材料中的陷阱深度较浅，难以长时间俘获受激载流子，因此在自恢复型应力发光过程中，陷阱是否真正起作用仍有待深入研究。例如，Wei等提出摩擦起电诱导的电致发光模型来解释ZnS∶Cu材料的低应力阈值应力发光特性"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "18",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R18",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "18"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "此外，需要说明的是，区分应力发光的激励电场是压电场还是摩擦电场，通常需要综合考虑多重因素，特别是应力发光材料基质的晶体结构对称性和应力发光强度对施加机械刺激的介质种类的依赖性，而不能简单地通过外部机械刺激方式是压缩作用还是摩擦作用来判断"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "表1",
"type": "table",
"rid": "T1",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "表1"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "中标注的空间群表明所列材料基质(除了Lu"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Al"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "5"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")均为非中心对称材料，具有本征的压电性，这些材料在机械刺激下可产生形变诱导的压电场。对于某一种特定的压电场激励的陷阱控制型应力发光材料(例如SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，压电场的场强主要取决于材料的压电性和外力大小，压电场的场强和应力发光强度均与施加机械刺激的材料介质种类(如机械压头或摩擦棒的材质)无关。摩擦电场的产生主要源于应力发光材料与施加机械刺激的材料介质之间电子亲和力的差异，即电荷转移过程，该类材料(例如ZnAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " "
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "70",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R70",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "70"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、NaCa"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "GeO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "F∶Mn"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " "
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "75",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R75",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "75"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")的应力发光强度显著依赖于施加机械刺激的材料介质种类。"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"name": "sec",
"data": [
{
"name": "sectitle",
"data": {
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "5 可再生应力发光应用展示"
}
],
"level": "1",
"id": "s5"
}
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "基于可再生应力发光材料应力发光光强与应力之间的定量关系以及无损可恢复的发光特性，研究人员设计出不同功能的机-光传感器和机-光转换器，在多尺度结构的应力分布成像、机械刺激驱动的新型显示器件以及应力激励的生命体光源等工业和医学领域展现出广泛的应用前景。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图8",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F8",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图8"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "展示了SrAl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "∶Eu"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2+"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "基应力发光涂层在多尺度结构的应力分布成像和结构健康诊断领域的应用。"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图8(a)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F8",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图8(a)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "以钻孔(直径10 mm)的铝合金板为例，显示了应力发光涂层对应力作用下小尺寸金属构件应变分布的成像能力"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "76",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R76",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "76"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。实验中使用高速相机记录金属器件在拉伸过程中的应力发光图像，将获得的图像减去背景信号后，利用应力发光强度与应力/应变校准关系将光强分布转换为应力/应变分布，从而获得任意时刻的应力/应变分布图像。实验结果与有限元方法仿真得到的计算结果一致，证实了应力发光用于应力/应变分布成像的有效性和准确性。该方法也被用于监测其他尺度构件的应力/应变分布，实现了对不同结构的健康诊断。例如，用于人造骨骼关节处的应力分析，其有助于在将其植入患者体内之前识别隐形骨折和应力分布不均("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图8(b)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F8",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图8(b)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "77",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R77",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "77"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";用于对高压容器(外部不可见的)内部裂纹的评估，即通过对裂缝周围应力分布动态图的分析，推算出容器内部裂纹深度的发展情况"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "78",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R78",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "78"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";用于桥梁、建筑物等基础设施关键架构(如构件连接处)的应力/应变成像，实现对宏观基础设施结构健康状况的实时监视和诊断("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图8(c)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F8",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图8(c)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "76",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R76",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "76"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。相比于传统的应力传感器方法普遍受限于导线连接、单点读取、器件尺寸大和空间分辨率低的问题，应力发光涂层法具备明显的优势，其不仅摆脱了导线的束缚，还能够对大面积的目标结构实时地进行高分辨的应力/应变分布成像。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "fig",
"data": {
"id": "F8",
"caption": [
{
"lang": "zh",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图8"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "用于应力分布可视化和结构健康诊断的应力发光涂层。(a)中心钻孔的铝合金板(10 mm直径)在拉伸载荷下的应力发光图像和所评估的应变图像"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "76",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R76",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "76"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(b)在压缩载荷下记录的股骨模型的动态应力发光图像"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "76",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R76",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "76"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(c)应力发光涂层用于高架桥连接段的应变成像以及危险等级诊断"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "76",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R76",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "76"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.8"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ML coating for stress distribution visualization and structural health diagnosis. (a)Images of ML and evaluated strain of a central hole(10 mm diameter) on an Al alloy plate covered with ML coating under a stretching load"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "76",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R76",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "76"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (b)Dynamic ML images of a femur model covered with ML coating under a compressive load"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "76",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R76",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "76"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (c)ML coating for onsite quantitative strain imaging and effective danger-level diagnosis of a highway joint section"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "76",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R76",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "76"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "."
}
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},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "展示了应力发光材料在新型显示和光源领域的多种潜在应用。Jeong等报道了一种风驱动的应力发光显示装置，该装置基于ZnS∶Cu基复合材料在气流驱动下发出彩色光和暖/中性/冷白光("
},
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"data": {
"text": "图9(a)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F9",
"data": [
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"data": "图9(a)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，有望发展为一种非电源驱动的新型显示和照明系统，促进能源利用的可持续发展"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。Zhao等设计开发了一种自供电、用户交互式的电子皮肤("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图9(b)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F9",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图9(b)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，该皮肤集成了ZnS∶Cu应力发光层和摩擦起电层，可以将触摸刺激同时转换为实时可见光和电信号，通过结合微控制器来实现对消费类电子产品的交互式控制"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "79",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R79",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "79"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。Jang等将ZnS∶Cu应力发光层与压敏MoS"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "晶体管集成，利用应力发光的压力分布可视化及其对光电流的增强效应("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图9(c)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F9",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图9(c)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，开发出具有高灵敏度的矩阵式压力传感器，可实现从足迹到心肌细胞的压力分布的检测"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "80",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R80",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "80"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。Wang等将应力发光技术用于提高电子签名的安全性，开发出可同时记录笔迹、力度和书写速度的个性化签字安全系统("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图9(d)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F9",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图9(d)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "71",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R71",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "71"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。为了进一步丰富发光的颜色(即波长),Du等"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "46",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R46",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "46"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "和Chen等"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "48",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R48",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "48"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "分别在CaZnOS和SrZnOS材料中引入不同的发光离子，实现了发射波长从紫光到近红外光的范围覆盖("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图9(e)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F9",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图9(e)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，为应力发光的多色显示奠定了材料基础。Wong等基于应力发光与磁致伸缩效应的耦合，实现了磁诱导应力发光的色调控("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图9(f)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F9",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图9(f)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，拓宽了应力发光器件的应用领域"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "66",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R66",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "66"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。Qian等利用直写打印技术制备了面部表情驱动的应力发光图案("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图9(g)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F9",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图9(g)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，将应力发光的应用推广至具有增强动画表达功能的柔性光子学皮肤"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "58",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R58",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "58"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
{
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"data": {
"id": "F9",
"caption": [
{
"lang": "zh",
"label": [
{
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"data": "图9"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "应力发光材料在新型显示和光源领域的潜在应用。(a)可产生明亮颜色可调的图案化风驱动应力发光显示器"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(b)自供电、用户交互式电子皮肤，其可以将触摸刺激转换为人眼可见的应力发光信号和同时用于机器控制的电信号"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "79",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R79",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "79"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(c)集成ML颗粒增强压敏MoS"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "晶体管的灵敏度和压力可视化"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "80",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R80",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "80"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(d)记录个性化笔迹的应力发光图像"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "71",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R71",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "71"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(e)掺杂不同发光离子的CaZnOS材料的写字图像及其应力发光颜色"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "46",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R46",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "46"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(f)磁场频率对磁诱导应力发光颜色的调控"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "66",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R66",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "66"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(g)皮肤驱动的彩色应力发光模式"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "58",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R58",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "58"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.9"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Potential applications of ML materials in the field of light sources and displays. (a)Conceptual image of a wind-driven ML device that produces bright and color-tunable light-emitting patterns"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "62",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R62",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "62"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (b)Schematic diagram of the self-powered, user-interactive electronic skin, which can convert a touch stimulation into an ML signal visible to the human eye and an electrical signal for machine control simultaneously"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "79",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R79",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "79"
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]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (c)Sensitivity enhancement and pressure visualization of pressure-sensitive MoS"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " transistors by integrating with ML particles"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
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"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "80",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R80",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "80"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (d)Pressure mapping of personalized handwriting"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "71",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R71",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "71"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (e)ML images of ML materials doping with different luminescent ions, showing different handwritten characters and various ML colors"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "46",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R46",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "46"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (f)Green to blue color variation of magnetic-induced ML by modulating the frequency of the magnetic field"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
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"data": {
"text": "66",
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"data": [
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"data": "66"
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]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (g)Skin-driven colored ML patterns"
},
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"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
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"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "58",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R58",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "58"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
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}
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},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "."
}
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}
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}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "展示了应力发光材料在生命科学领域的应用潜力。"
},
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"data": {
"text": "图10(a)、(b)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F10",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图10(a)、(b)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "为近红外光波段(8001 500 nm)应力发光穿透猪肉组织的应力分布图像"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
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"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "32",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R32",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "32"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ","
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "45",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R45",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "45"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。近红外光具有相对于可见光更深的动物组织穿透深度，特别适用于生物标记和生物成像，例如，基于超声激励的近红外光对肿瘤和其他疾病状态的高对比度体内成像，或利用生物力学成像来研究负荷对植入的关节和骨骼中应力分布的影响，以及识别生命系统中的缺陷或失效结构。"
},
{
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"data": {
"text": "图10(c)、(d)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F10",
"data": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "图10(c)、(d)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "为可见光波段应力发光在生物光遗传学方面的可能应用。Wu等报道了将超声激励的可再生应力发光用于活小鼠大脑微创光遗传学刺激的研究成果("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图10(c)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F10",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图10(c)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
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"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "39",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R39",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "39"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。在实验中，研究人员将应力发光纳米颗粒通过静脉注射进入血液循环，在浅表血管中利用400 nm光照对纳米颗粒充电，聚焦超声激励纳米颗粒发出470 nm的应力发光，从而对大脑中的光敏蛋白进行光遗传学刺激。Zhang等将应力发光微型器件植入活小鼠大脑，利用远程磁场激励应力发光刺激小鼠的运动神经，实现了对其运动行为的控制("
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图10(d)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F10",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图10(d)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
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"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "81",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R81",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "81"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
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"data": {
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"caption": [
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"label": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "图10"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "应力发光材料在生命科学领域的潜在应用。(a)可穿透猪肉组织的近红外应力发光图像"
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"data": ";(b)穿透不同深度猪肉组织的近红外应力发光图像"
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"data": ";(c)聚焦超声激励的应力发光光源用于非侵入性光遗传学示意图"
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"data": ";(d)磁场驱动的应力发光微器件对光遗传蛋白的远程调节"
},
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"data": "81"
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},
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"data": "]"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.10"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Potential applications of ML materials in the field of life sciences. (a)Image of near-infrared ML that can penetrate pork tissue"
},
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"data": [
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"data": "["
},
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"data": {
"text": "32",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R32",
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"data": "32"
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]
}
},
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}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (b)Image of near-infrared ML passing through pork tissues with different depths"
},
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
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"name": "xref",
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},
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"data": "]"
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]
},
{
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"data": ". (c)Schematic diagram of ultrasound-mediated deep-tissue ML light source for non-invasive optogenetics"
},
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
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]
}
},
{
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}
]
},
{
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"data": ". (d)Remote regulation of optogenetic proteins by magnetic-triggered ML micro-devices"
},
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"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
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"data": "["
},
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"text": "81",
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"rid": "R81",
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{
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"data": "81"
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]
}
},
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},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "展示了应力发光与其他光学功能在单一材料中的耦合及其潜在应用。鉴于常规应力发光材料光学功能较为单一的局限性，笔者课题组开展了将应力发光与其他光学功能在单一材料中相耦合的工作，以期丰富材料的光学特性，进一步拓宽其应用领域。笔者课题组提出在压电基质中双镧系离子发光多路复用的策略，在单一材料中实现了四模式(应力发光、热激励发光、上转换发光、下转移发光)、双寿命(延时和荧光)、多色彩(红-橙-黄-绿)发光功能的耦合，并利用笔写字、冷热刺激、白光LED/紫外灯/近红外灯等简单工具，展示了其在多维度智能防伪领域的应用前景("
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"data": {
"text": "图11(a)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F11",
"data": [
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"data": "图11(a)"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
},
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"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "34",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R34",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "34"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。进一步地，笔者课题组通过材料组分设计，将陷阱控制的“明场变色”和“暗场发光”在一种材料中耦合，基于两种功能陷阱深度分布的差异性，利用“力-热-光刺激”选择性激励目标陷阱(压电效应单一性激励较浅的功能陷阱，声子和光子作用双重性激励两种功能陷阱)，实现了明暗双视场下光学信息的差异化显示("
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"data": {
"text": "图11(b)",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F11",
"data": [
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"data": "图11(b)"
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]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
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"data": {
"text": "36",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R36",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "36"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。这些结果有望为发展先进显示和防伪加密技术提供新的思路。"
}
]
},
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"title": [
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"data": "应力发光与其他光学功能在单一材料中的耦合及其潜在应用。(a)热-力-光激励的多功能发光材料及多维度防伪应用"
},
{
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"text": "34",
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"rid": "R34",
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}
]
}
},
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"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ";(b)力-热-光激励的明/暗双场差异化显示材料的设计思路和加密策略"
},
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}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
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"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.11"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Coupling of ML and other optical functions in a single material and the potential applications. (a)Thermal-mechano-photo-excited multifunctional luminescent materials and the multidimensional anticounterfeiting applications"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
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},
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"data": {
"text": "34",
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"data": [
{
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"data": "34"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ". (b)Rational design and encryption strategies of multistimuli-responsive display materials to encrypt differentiated information in bright and dark fields"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
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"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "36",
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{
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},
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},
{
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"title": [
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"data": "6 结论和展望"
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},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "可再生应力发光作为固体发光领域的一颗新星受到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注，对无机可再生应力发光材料及其光学复合材料的研究发展十分迅速，但距离在应力分布可视化、结构健康诊断、新型显示和光源以及生命科学领域的多样化实用仍有一段距离，需要跨学科协同研究的继续努力。本文对近二十年来无机可再生应力发光材料的研究进展进行了梳理和总结，期望能够为该领域的研究人员提供借鉴。在未来的研究中，笔者提出三方面的挑战，以期满足实际应用的需求。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "第一个挑战是提高可再生应力发光性能。在目前已知的50余种可再生应力发光材料中，只有极少数具有高的应力发光强度和灵敏的机械刺激响应性"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "7",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。因此，迫切需要提高应力发光材料的性能，包括在宽波长范围内调控应力发光颜色、提高应力发光强度、提升机-电转换效率、增加对多重机械刺激的敏感性、证实应力发光强度对不同机械刺激参数的定量依赖性、提高应力发光的重现性、优化材料的物理和化学稳定性等。此外，当前特别需要制定应力发光性能表征的测试协议和国际标准，以便世界各地的研究人员能够对应力发光材料的机械特性和相关光学响应进行定量的表征和有效的比较。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "第二个挑战是揭示可再生应力发光现象的物理机制。可再生应力发光现象本质上与材料的结构和陷阱特性有关，但受限于实验表征手段无法直接获悉应力发光各要素及其复杂的耦合关系对应力发光的贡献和影响，当前对应力发光机理的认识主要基于对其现象的定性分析，难以描绘出应力发光的物理图像和动力学过程。计算机仿真方法在建模和预测晶体结构中的变形和缺陷方面非常有效，计算和实验科学家之间的紧密合作可以帮助我们更深入地理解应力发光机理"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "blockXref",
"data": {
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "82",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R82",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "82"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "84",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R84",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "84"
}
]
}
}
],
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"R83",
"R84"
],
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"type": "bibr"
}
},
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"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。我们相信，通过对纳米和微米级应力发光材料及其机械光学特性的实验表征和细致的理论模拟计算，将有助于该领域对高性能材料的开发从基于发现的方法转向为合理设计的指导策略。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "第三个挑战是推进可再生应力发光技术从实验室走向实际应用。我们总结了可再生应力发光材料的多种潜在应用，包括在多尺度结构的应力分布成像和结构健康诊断领域的应用，例如对人造骨骼关节中的应力分布进行成像、检测高压罐的“隐形”裂纹，以及监视桥梁和建筑物等的应力分布;包括在新型显示和光源领域的应用，例如风力和磁力驱动的显示或照明、人机交互系统、个性化笔迹识别以及先进防伪加密;包括在生命科学领域的应用，例如近红外光波段应力发光的生物组织深层成像，以及应力发光的光遗传学应用等。这些工作大部分已经在实验室中完成，但在现实应用中会遇到更复杂的情况，未来需要针对不同的实际问题进行调查和分析。例如，应力发光的应用普遍基于对其相对发光强度的记录，但影响应力发光强度的实际因素有很多，包括激励光的功率、激励后的延迟时间、机械刺激强度以及外界的光和热环境因素。在实际应用中，这些仪器和测量因素必须准确定义并严格遵守，即采用可靠的标准化测试协议。"
}
]
}
]
}
],
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"history": {
"received": "2020-12-25",
"revised": "2021-01-16",
"ppub": "2021-04-01",
"opub": "2021-10-22"
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"copyright": {
"data": [],
"year": "2021"
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"type": "research-article",
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"supplementary": [],
"journalTitle": "发光学报",
"issue": "04",
"volume": "42",
"originalSource": []
}
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