Progress of Quantum Dots and Perovskite as Color Conversion Materials for Full-color Display

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点、钙钛矿色转换全彩显示应用研究进展" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Progress of Quantum Dots and Perovskite as Color Conversion Materials for Full-color Display" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "尹", "givenname": "勇明", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "YIN", "givenname": "Yong-ming", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "尹勇明(1989-)，男，湖南郴州人，博士，2020年于北京大学获得博士学位，主要从事发光材料器件及其显示应用方面的研究。E-mail: yinym@dgut.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348968&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348973&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348977&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "尹勇明" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1989-)，男，湖南郴州人，博士，2020年于北京大学获得博士学位，主要从事发光材料器件及其显示应用方面的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "yinym@dgut.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "yinym@dgut.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "孟", "givenname": "鸿", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "MENG", "givenname": "Hong", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mail: menghong@pku.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mail: menghong@pku.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "孟鸿(1966-)，男，陕西华阴人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，2002年于美国加州大学洛杉矶分校获得博士学位，主要从事有机光电材料与器件的研究。E-mail: menghong@pku.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348982&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348988&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348993&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "孟鸿" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1966-)，男，陕西华阴人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，2002年于美国加州大学洛杉矶分校获得博士学位，主要从事有机光电材料与器件的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "menghong@pku.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "menghong@pku.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "北京大学深圳研究生院 新材料学院，广东 　 深圳 　 518055", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "北京大学深圳研究生院 新材料学院，广东 　 深圳 　 518055" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点具有色纯度高、发光颜色可调和荧光量子产率高等诸多优良的光电特性，已成为一类非常重要的发光材料，在显示及照明领域都受到了广泛的关注。目前，量子点材料的显示应用主要是基于其光致发光特性，或者说色转换特性，用于提升液晶面板的显示色域、或者与蓝光主动发光器件搭配实现全彩显示。本文首先综述常规量子点(CdSe、InP)在液晶显示方面的应用研究进展，详细阐述了量子点集成到液晶显示器面板中所需要考量的面板架构、光学特性、可靠性、制程工艺等一些关键问题;然后，进一步对量子点色转换主动发光显示应用进行了分析，就如何获得高效色转换、量子点材料图案化以及搭配蓝光发光器件的光学集成问题进行重点关注;最后，针对当前受到广泛关注的钙钛矿材料，就其色转换全彩显示应用研究进展进行了分析。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Quantum dots(QDs) have many excellent optoelectronic characteristics, such as high color purity, tunable emission color, high photoluminescence quantum yield and so on. At present, the display applications of quantum dots are mainly based on their photoluminescence characteristics, or color conversion characteristics, to enhance the color gamut of liquid crystal display panels or to achieve full-color display combining with blue light-emitting devices. In this paper, we will first review the progress of conventional quantum dots(CdSe, InP) in liquid crystal display(LCD) application. Special focus would be laid on the panel architecture, optical properties, reliability and process technologies which are significant as incorporating QDs into LCD panels. In the next, we will analyze the application of color conversion potentials of QDs for active light-emitting displays. Finally, the progress of perovskite materials in color conversion applications for full-color display will be discussed." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "色转换" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "光致发光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "全彩显示" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "quantum dots" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "perovskite" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "color conversion" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "photoluminescence" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "full-color display" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "当今社会，显示无处不在，从人手一部的手机、家家户户必有的电视，到商场里、大街上的各种商用显示屏幕，以及汽车上的车载显示屏等等。显示屏已成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分，作为我们获取信息、观看世界的一个非常重要的窗口，具有不可替代的重要作用。随着人民生活需求的不断提升，对显示面板的品质也提出了更高的要求。各种不同技术的显示屏也经历着更新换代、产品升级的历程" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2" ], "text": "1-2", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，从最初的阴极摄像管显示器(Cathode ray tube,CRT)，到薄膜晶体管液晶显示器(Thin film transistor liquid crystal display,TFT-LCD)，再到当下已经广泛应用的有机电致发光显示器(Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode,AMOLED)，以及目前被大力研究的微型发光二极管显示器(Micro-size LED,μLED)。显示技术的更新换代极大地提升了显示效果，同时也让显示面板的价格变得平民化，由最初非常昂贵的特供商品，发展成为几乎人人可以轻松获得的平价商品，极大地提高了人们的生活水平，为人们获取外部信息提供了一个更加便捷有效的窗口。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "评价显示器的性能指标包括对比度、响应时间、刷新频率、分辨率、视角等，其中对人眼直观感受影响显著的指标之一是面板的显示色域，它是衡量显示器展示图像色彩能力的一个重要指标。对此，美国国家电视标准委员会(National television system committee,NTSC)基于CIE 1931(Commission internationale de l'Eclairage 1931)色坐标系统，对红、绿和蓝色(Red,green and blue color,RGB)3种颜色的色坐标值进行了专门的定义(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)。显示面板的RGB像素对应的色坐标相对于NTSC 1931红、绿和蓝3个色点对应的三角形的面积比值，则对应色域的大小。量子点材料由于其优异的光电特性，具有色纯度高、发光颜色可调和荧光量子产率高等诸多特点，尤其在提升显示面板的色域方面，具有巨大的潜力" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R3", "R4", "R5" ], "text": "3-5", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，从量子点材料被报道以来，就受到了显示面板行业的广泛关注。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "展示了当前市面上的四种主流电视产品技术的显示色域对比结果，可以很明显地看出，基于量子点技术的电视产品具有非常高的显示色域，超过120%NTSC，远远高于现有其他三种显示技术的电视产品的显示色域。该结果进一步证实了量子点在提升面板色彩表现方面的巨大优势。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同电视产品显示色域比较" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Color gamut of TVs based on different display technologies" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21348998&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349006&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349002&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点作为一种半导体发光材料，从理论上而言，在电致发光及光致发光领域均具有实际应用潜力，可以分别被用于制作量子点发光二极管(Quantum-dot light-emitting diodes,QLED)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R6", "R7", "R8", "R9" ], "text": "6-9", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "或者色转换用途" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。具体到实际的显示应用，目前基于QLED的显示器仍然处于开发阶段" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ，没能实现真正的商用化。而基于量子点色转换特性的显示产品则已经有部分产品成功导入量产" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，尤其是量子点液晶显示器，三星、TCL等厂商已经成功将其商业化，作为高端电视机种，受到消费者的青睐。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "色转换显示应用主要是基于量子点材料的光致发光特性，可分为不完全的色转换以及完全的色转换。前者主要用于液晶显示器的背光，在蓝光LED的激发下，获得白光背光光源，再结合液晶显示面板内部的彩色滤光膜，实现全彩显示;此外，量子点也可以应用于液晶显示面板内部，用作量子点滤光膜，同样搭配蓝光LED，实现全彩显示。完全的色转换则是以蓝光OLED或者蓝光LED显示器作为激发源，将绿光和红光量子点色转换层集成到显示面板内部，采用色转换策略，获得所需的绿光和红光发射，与本身的蓝光OLED或者蓝光LED搭配实现全彩显示。针对这四种量子点色转换全彩显示应用方向，对应的面板架构如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点色转换全彩显示应用方式:量子点背光(a)和量子点滤光膜增强(b)液晶显示器;量子点色转换OLED(c)和μLED(d)全彩显示器。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Panel structures of displays based on quantum dot color conversion technology: TFT-LCD based on QD backlight(a) and QDCF(b); full-color OLED(c) and μLED(d) with QD CCLs." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349009&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349018&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349013&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "针对色转换全彩显示应用，本文将从以下3个方面进行具体的概述:" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)常规量子点在液晶显示器上的应用。量子点优异的光致发光特性，尤其是非常优良的色彩表现，具有极高的色纯度，应用于液晶显示器中，可以有效地弥补彩色滤光膜本身滤光能力的不足，实现高色域的显示效果。因此，量子点最先受到液晶显示业界的关注及开发应用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)常规量子点在主动发光显示器上的应用。结合蓝光OLED实现主动发光型全彩显示是一个相对而言比较中性的技术方案，该方案主要是为了避开LG公司的白光OLED结合滤光膜的专利，通过一种折中的方式来实现大尺寸主动发光型面板的生产。搭配蓝光LED实现全彩化，则是当前μLED显示研究的一个重要课题，该策略理论上可以达到优势互补的效果，实现高品质的全彩显示。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(3)钙钛矿材料色转换全彩显示应用。钙钛矿作为一个新兴的发光材料，在最近十年的时间受到了广泛的关注，与常规量子点类似，它也具有非常优异的光电特性，在太阳能电池、电致发光、光探测等诸多领域都取得了非常不错的进展。在色转换应用方面，钙钛矿材料同样表现出巨大的潜力。因此，本文最后将对该方向的进展进行概述。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　量子点液晶显示应用" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2000年，量子点材料领域的先驱人物Bawendi教授课题组首次报道了以蓝光LED作为激发源、以量子点聚合物膜作为下转换材料的色转换LED" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，该结果的报道开创了量子点作为色转换应用材料的先河，量子点与蓝光LED结合实现其他颜色光源的研究逐渐兴起" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R14", "R15", "R16" ], "text": "14-16", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2006年，Chen等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以蓝光InGaN LED作为激发源，以红色和绿色CdSe/ZnS量子点作为色转换材料，成功制得了三波段的白光LED，光源的显色指数高达93。此后，又有其他学者以类似的策略报道了白光LED(White LED,WLED)的结果" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R18", "R19", "R20", "R21" ], "text": "18-21", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。至此，蓝光LED结合量子点色转换材料获得WLED的概念逐渐受到更多人的关注，不过所报道的WLED仍然以照明应用为主，只有少部分学者提出了用作液晶显示器背光的概念" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，但并没有实际的样品被报道。直到2010年" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，韩国三星研究院的Jang博士团队通过将绿色(CdSe/ZnS/CdSZnS)和 红色(CdSe/CdS/ZnS/CdSZnS)量子点材料封装到蓝光LED上方，获得背光用WLED，并以该WLED成功制得了高性能的背光(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "插图所示)，基于该背光，进一步制备了显示色域高达100% NTSC的46英寸液晶显示器(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)。在此之后，量子点在液晶显示领域的应用便逐渐兴起。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)46英寸量子点背光液晶显示器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(b)滤光膜光谱(虚线)及量子点背光和常规YAG背光发光光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)A 46-inch TFT-LCD module with QD backlight" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)Transmittance spectra of color filters and emission spectra of backlights based QDs and conventional YAG phosphors." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349019&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349030&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349026&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1　量子点液晶显示器背光" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点材料应用于液晶显示器背光，与其优异的色彩表现是分不开的。在液晶显示器中，全彩显示是通过白光光源与彩色滤光膜搭配来实现的，因此，最终的彩色显示效果受到背光光源本身发光特性以及滤光膜穿透频谱的双重影响。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以看出，目前的彩色滤光膜的滤光效果是有限的，红、绿和蓝色3种滤光膜均只能滤掉一定波长范围的发光，在各自发光波段仍然有较宽波段的透过。尽管通过改进滤光膜的材料可以在一定程度上获得更佳的滤光效果" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，但光透过率损失过大，不具备量产性。因此，背光本身的光谱对显示器的色彩表现起着关键的作用。考虑到量子点非常窄的发光特征，与常规基于钇铝石榴石(Yttrium aluminum garnet,YAG)的背光相比，基于量子点的背光显然具备获得更高显示色域的潜力。基于量子点材料优异的色彩表现，如何将其有效地集成到背光结构中则成为量子点背光制备的关键。对此，以侧入式(Edge-lit)LED背光架构为例，研究人员开发了3种类型的量子点背光架构，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，分别是:" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3种不同量子点背光架构(芯片封装型、侧管封装型及光学膜集成型)示意图、芯片示意图及实物图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3D, 2D and photographic images of three different QD-based display backlights: edge optic, film, and on-chip" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349034&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349042&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349038&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)芯片封装型(On-chip)。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "第一列所示，该类型是3种结构中最简单的，直接取代传统荧光粉，将量子点材料与胶材一起封装到蓝色LED芯片上方，制备出白光光源。尽管该结构比较简单，量子点材料的用量也是最少的，但是对量子点材料的稳定性要求也最高。这主要是由于在该架构下，量子点胶膜直接与LED芯片接触，LED在实际点亮过程中产生的热量会直接传导到量子点材料，LED芯片表面温度较高时超过100 ℃，如此高的温度对量子点材料的热稳定性是一个极大的挑战。此外，在该类型器件中，芯片的光功率密度在10100 W/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "之间，也是属于3种结构中光功率密度最高的。因此，量子点还需要具备较好的光稳定性。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "三星Jang博士在2010年报道的46英寸液晶显示器背光就是基于On-chip架构的量子点背光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，不过这一技术并未在三星的系列产品中得到真正量产。之后，海洋光学公司进一步尝试开发On-chip架构的量子点WLED" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R24", "R25" ], "text": "24-25", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，通过改进量子点的壳层结构，自主合成量子点材料，并将其引入到常规的硅胶封装材料中，成功开发了On-chip的WLED，器件在200 mA及95 ℃的驱动条件下，表现出了较好的器件稳定性。尽管如此，目前仍没有基于On-chip架构的液晶显示器背光获得真正的量产，亟需进一步开发在高温(150 ℃)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、高光功率照射(" }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "10 W/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "下表现稳定的量子点材料。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)侧管封装型(On-edge)。侧管封装型是专门针对侧入式背光架构开发的量子点组件，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "第二列所示，该类型背光是将量子点做成长条形的管状结构，将量子点管放置在蓝光LED芯片与导光板之间。在On-edge架构中，由于量子点材料并未直接与LED芯片接触，量子点在该架构中受到的热辐射与光辐射相比On-chip架构都大幅降低。理论上而言，该架构下量子点的使用寿命会得到大幅提升，具备更大的导入量产的潜力。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "如何将条形结构的量子点管有效地嵌入到蓝光LED与导光板之间，主要需要克服两方面的难题:一方面，量子点管一般由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Polymethyl methacrylate,PMMA)之类的聚合物材料与量子点混合之后制作而成，而PMMA与导光板玻璃的热膨胀系数并不匹配，因此不能直接将量子点管贴敷在导光板玻璃上;另一方面，量子点薄膜的光致发光具备各项同性(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)，如果将量子点管不做任何处理，直接将其放置在LED灯条与导光板之间，会导致靠近量子点管边缘部分的光强过高、整体分布不均的现象，另外，也会在一定程度上破坏蓝光LED发光的方向性，导致大部分光难以有效传导到导光板，进而使得光效较低。针对上述问题，Sony公司与QD Vision公司合作，创新性地提出了混合杯状支撑结构(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(b)(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(b)(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R27", "R28" ], "text": "27-28", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。该混合杯一方面对量子点管起到支撑作用;另一方面，混合杯由反射型材料制作而成，可以有效地将激发出来的光源反射出去，进一步传输到导光板上，较好地解决了前述两个难题。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)量子点各项同性发光特征;(b)光学混合杯结构俯视及截面示意图;(c)包含光学混合杯的On-edge灯条实物图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R27", "R28" ], "text": "27-28", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Isotropic photoluminescence characteristics of QDs. (b)Schematic diagram of optical mixing cup structure. (c)Prototype of on-edge QD-based backlight with mixing cup" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R27", "R28" ], "text": "27-28", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349046&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349054&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349049&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Sony公司在2013年发布的全球首款量子点电视就是基于上述On-edge架构的量子点背光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。此后，在2015年左右，TCL、海信和飞利浦等公司也陆续发布了基于该架构的量子点电视" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。至此，On-edge量子点背光作为第一代量子点电视技术成功地走向了市场" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(3)光学膜集成型(On-surface)。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "第三列所示，On-surface量子点背光的核心是将量子点材料做成膜片引入到背光中。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，液晶显示器背光是由各种光学膜片集成一体的架构，将量子点材料制作成光学膜片，然后再将其嵌入到背光其他膜片之间，既不增加背光结构的复杂度，同时还能有效地将量子点材料引入到背光中，实现增大显示色域的目标。相较On-chip与On-edge架构，On-surface架构下量子点受到的热辐射与光辐射是最低的。一方面，由于量子点膜片远离LED热源，可以认为量子点膜片处的温度接近于室温;而另一方面，由于量子点背光薄膜是整面性的，受到的光辐射也极大的降低。因此，针对该架构下的量子点背光，关键任务在于如何制备稳定的量子点膜片。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)包含量子点薄膜的液晶显示器背光;(b)三明治特征的量子点薄膜膜层结构" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R31", "R32" ], "text": "31-32", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)QDEF integration into an LCD backlight. (b) Sandwiched structure of QDEF: a layer of quantum dots dispersed in a polymer matrix between two barrier layers" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R31", "R32" ], "text": "31-32", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349058&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349065&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349062&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "从2012年开始，Nanosys与3M公司合作，率先开发了如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的三明治结构的量子点膜" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R31", "R32", "R33", "R34", "R35" ], "text": "31-35", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，该量子点光学膜片包含三层，上下各一层阻隔层，量子点膜则位于两层阻隔膜之间。量子点膜一般由量子点材料与PMMA类的聚合物材料组成，量子点材料包含红光和绿光两种，红、绿光量子点的比例以及在膜片中的含量根据背光白点与光效的需求进行相应的调整，目前量产的量子点膜的厚度在50100 μm之间。阻隔膜一般采用PET(polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)材料，PET膜的厚度在25100 μm之间。实际量产的阻隔膜会在PET的表面额外镀上几十纳米厚度的无机材料阻隔层，进一步提升阻隔水、氧的能力。无机层一般采用SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Al" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等材料，由于无机材料的厚度较薄，容易受到损伤，上下两层阻隔膜的无机材料侧均会紧挨着量子点膜。目前量产的量子点集成膜的整体厚度在75300 μm之间，相对而言，中小尺寸用的量子点集成膜的厚度可以做得较薄一点。而大尺寸(如电视用的)用的量子点膜则相对较厚，这主要是受限于薄膜的制备工艺，对于这种宽幅较大的薄膜，量产的工艺制程难度较大。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表1", "type": "table", "rid": "T1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ] } }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，On-surface架构量子点背光与前两种架构相比，无论是对背光整体结构的影响，还是对量子点材料稳定性的要求，相对而言，都更容易满足实际应用的要求。在2015年左右，三星、TCL和海信等企业率先推出了基于该种背光的液晶电视" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，至此，On-surface架构背光作为第二代量子点背光成功地得到了商用。时至今日，这三家公司也一直有在售卖基于该技术的液晶电视，包括小米等互联网电视厂商也推出了类似的产品。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点在不同尺寸显示器简易模型下的用量、价格及稳定性" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Order of magnitude results of simple model of QD usage in various display segments" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Display size" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Geometry" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Area/mm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Segment production capacity needs(kg/a)" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Price/unit" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": 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"rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "On-surface" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1 000 000" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "100 000" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "$10 000" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10 000" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ], "graphics": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349074&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349070&type=" } } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "尽管如此，由于On-surface架构的量子点薄膜是整面性的，量子点的用量跟显示面板的尺寸成正比，随着面板尺寸的增大，量子点的用量急剧增加，随之而来的是成本增高。因此，目前基于该架构的量子点电视大多定位高端机种，主要用于65英寸以上的电视产品上，与AMOLED电视展开竞争，争夺高端电视市场份额。制约该架构量子点背光进一步普及的挑战主要包含两个，一个是相对高昂的量子点集成膜成本，另一个是量子点的环保问题。目前商用的量子点背光主要基于CdSe类的量子点，欧美对镉的环保要求相对比较严苛，开发无镉体系的无毒量子点显得极为必要。三星一直在开发InP体系的量子点，不过发光色纯度及光致发光效率跟镉系量子点相比" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R37", "R38", "R39" ], "text": "37-39", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，仍然有较大的差距。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "针对量子点材料成本及环保的问题，越来越多的厂商加入了该技术的开发。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表2", "type": "table", "rid": "T2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是相关量子点集成膜的生产厂商，可以发现，目前国内外已经有多家公司进行了量子点技术的开发，其中也出现了多家中国公司的身影。从原材料、阻隔膜及集成膜等多个领域都有涉及，相信随着量子点技术的进一步发展，量子点背光的成本能够得到进一步降低，新型无毒的量子点材料性能也有望得到进一步提升，以满足实际应用的需求。最终，量子点电视将进一步普及，由高端市场走向平民化，让更多的人体验到量子点显示产品。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点及相关膜片生产厂商" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Manufacturers of QDs and related films" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "材料类型" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "企业名称" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "国家" } ] } ] ], "body": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "13", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点原材料" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "纳晶科技" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "普加福" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "星烁" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "玻尔科技" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TCL" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QD Vision" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "美国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Nanosys" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "美国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Nanoco" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "英国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Quantum Materials" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "美国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Dow Chemical" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "美国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Hansol Chemical" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "韩国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SAIT" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { 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"1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "乐凯" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i-components" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "韩国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Glotec" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "韩国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3M" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "美国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "13", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点复合膜" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "纳晶科技" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "玻尔科技" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "激智科技" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "南通惟怡" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "致晶科技" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "康得新" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "华宏" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Mintech" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "韩国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Innoy" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "韩国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Hansol Chemical" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "韩国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Hitachi Chemical" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "美国" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "left", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3M" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "美国" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ], "graphics": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349082&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349078&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2　量子点彩色滤光膜" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "液晶显示器主要由背光与液晶面板两部分组成，因此，在液晶显示应用上，除了可以将量子点材料引入背光之外，也可以将量子点材料引入到液晶面板中。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，结合液晶面板的制作工艺，将量子点材料引入到彩色滤光膜(Color filter,CF)中是相对而言最简单的，既不需要额外增加工艺步骤，还能将量子点的特性引入到液晶面板中，实现提升光效和增大显示色域的目标。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "然而，制备QDCF" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R40", "R41", "R42", "R43", "R44", "R45" ], "text": "40-45", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "并不简单，需要克服诸多挑战。首先是如何将量子点溶解到CF材料当中，常规的CF材料以丙烯酸类的聚合物体系为主，其中的溶剂主要是酯类的偏中性的溶剂;而一般的CdSe量子点主要溶于甲苯、正己烷等非极性溶剂中，直接将常规量子点加入到CF材料里面，会发生严重的聚集现象，量子点可以加入的量比较受限，本身的发光效率也损失严重。针对该问题，有研究学者采用对量子点材料的表面配体进行改性的方式" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R46", "R47" ], "text": "46-47", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提升溶解度。2013年，三星研究院的Jang博士团队通过硅溶胶-凝胶缩聚反应在量子点表面包覆二氧化硅" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，既提升了量子点材料的稳定性，也改善了量子点在聚合物材料中的溶解度。然而，该研究结果仅仅应用在了On-chip架构的WLED制作上，并未用于制作QDCF。此后，也有其他学者采用类似的方式来解决量子点溶解性的问题" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "50", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R50", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R48", "R49", "R50" ], "text": "48-50", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，但相关方案同样未能制作出QDCF，实际效果仍有待进一步验证。此外，京东方的研究人员通过先将量子点材料溶解在非极性溶剂中，然后再将其混合到CF材料中，也获得了QD浓度可调的QDCF材料，量子点的浓度最高接近40%" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在解决了量子点在CF材料中的溶解问题后，如何将获得的QDCF材料采用现有的CF制备工艺进行图案化制备，则是另一个需要克服的挑战。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，常规的CF图案制备工艺包含9个关键步骤，除了基板清洗及检测步骤外，其余的大部分步骤都会在一定程度上对量子点的性能产生影响，其中的烘烤步骤，尤其是后烘烤步骤的高温操作对量子点的性能影响最大，这主要是由于量子点材料在高温下发光猝灭严重" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。针对该问题，京东方的研究人员尝试采用低温固化的CF体系，将烘烤温度降到了100 ℃以下，量子点的效率在经过所有工艺步骤后，发光效率可以维持在初始效率的70%以上" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，基于该材料体系，最终获得了接近120%NTSC的显示色域。在此之后，Merck、Nanosys及Sumitomo等顶级材料厂商也报道了QDCF方面的研究成果" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "42", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R41", "R42" ], "text": "41-42", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，所制作的QDCF图案如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。除了将QD材料与CF结合制作成QDCF之外，也有研究人员直接在CF图案上方制作QD膜层图案" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，同样达到了提升显示器光效及显示色域的目的。不过比较遗憾的是，这两种技术方案均只是报道了初步的图案化结果，并没有实际的液晶显示器样机被报道，相关的技术仍有待进一步开发。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "彩色滤光膜工艺生产流程" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Manufacturing process flow of CFs" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349086&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349094&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349090&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Merck(a)、Nanosys(b)及Sumitomo(c)QDCF精细图形" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "42", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R41", "R42" ], "text": "41-42", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fine QDCF patterns of Merck(a), Nanosys(b) and Sumitomo(c)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "42", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R41", "R42" ], "text": "41-42", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349098&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349105&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349102&type=" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　量子点主动发光显示应用" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在液晶显示应用中，蓝光经由量子点材料后的能量转化是不完全的，仍有部分蓝光会透过，进而获得所需的白光。如果能将蓝光完全转化成其他颜色的光，比如绿光或红光，则可以达到色转换的目的。在主动发光显示器设计中(如AMOLED或者μLED显示器)，可以在背板部分只设计蓝光像素，结合色转换材料即能实现全彩显示。基于这样的设计，可以较好地简化面板设计，有效地利用量子点材料的光致发光优点。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1　量子点色转换基本要求" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "色转换应用首先要考虑的是如何实现完全的能量转化，将所接收到的短波长发光完全转化为长波长发光，即达到色转换的效果。针对全彩显示应用，也就是实现蓝光到绿光或红光的转化。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，蓝光经由量子点材料转化为绿光或者红光的过程，至少包含:光吸收、光致发光、光取出3个光电过程，光转换的效率也与这3个过程息息相关。要想实现完全的色转换，有效的光吸收是关键，只有将蓝光完全吸收，才能避免蓝光残留问题。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "色转换全彩显示基本面板架构及关键光电过程" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Full-color display architecture based on color conversion and the related key optoelectronic processes" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349110&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349115&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349113&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据比尔-朗伯定律:" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=e" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=e" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "KL" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为薄膜的穿透率，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为薄膜材料的吸光度，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "K" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为材料吸光系数(cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为薄膜厚度。考虑到量子点材料的吸光系数在10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "量级，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，要实现对蓝光的有效吸收，量子点薄膜的厚度需要达到微米级别才能实现有效的光转换" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F10", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)光透过率随材料吸收系数及膜层厚度的变化趋势;绿光(b)和红光(c)量子点薄膜光转换特性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Variation trend of light transmittance with material absorption coefficient and film thickness. Photoconversion characteristics of green(b) and red(c) QDs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349118&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349123&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349120&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "针对量子点材料对蓝光的光吸收问题，Hu等制备了不同厚度的绿光和红光CdSe量子点薄膜并对其光转换特性进行了系统的研究" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10(b)(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10(b)(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示是两种量子点薄膜在不同厚度下的蓝-绿光和蓝-红光转换特性，可以明显地发现，在低膜厚情况下，薄膜在蓝光光源(@463 nm)的照射下，测量得到的发光光谱中仍然有很大一部分蓝光残留;随着薄膜厚度的增加，光谱中蓝光部分的强度明显降低，当量子点薄膜的厚度达到10 μm左右时，基本可以实现完全的蓝-绿光和蓝-红光转换。该结果进一步证实了上述理论。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2　量子点图案化方法" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同于量子点材料在液晶显示中的背光应用，量子点材料可以做成整面性的，其中的红光和绿光量子点材料是混合在一起的。在色转换应用中，与主动发光显示器背光搭配，红光和绿光量子点必须与对应的蓝光像素对应起来，才能达到全彩显示的目的。因此，量子点在主动发光显示应用中，精细的图案化是必不可少的。目前量子点材料的图案化方法主要包括3种:(1)微接触转印技术" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R54", "R55", "R56" ], "text": "54-56", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",(2)光刻技术" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R57", "R58", "R59", "R60" ], "text": "57-60", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",(3)喷墨打印技术" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R61", "R62", "R63", "R64", "R65", "R66", "R67" ], "text": "61-67", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2008年，Kim等通过微接触转移技术实现了CdSe量子点的图案化转移，并成功将其应用在了量子点LED上。制备流程如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，其中主要包含4个步骤:第一步，通过将聚二甲基硅氧烷(Polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)膜压制到已经模型化的SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模板上，实现PMDS转移模板的制备;第二步，在PDMS表面涂上一层聚对二甲苯(Parylene-C)，该涂层的作用主要是为了改进PDMS与量子点溶液之间的接触界面，让量子点溶液能更好地在PDMS表面上连续覆盖;第三步，将CdSe量子点墨水旋涂到PDMS模板上，一部分粘附在PDMS的凸点上，另一部分则进入PDMS凹槽里;第四步，将涂有量子点的PDMS反转180°，然后将模板与待转移基板接触，其中PDMS凸点位置的量子点由于与基板直接接触而被转移上去，凹槽位置的量子点则仍然留在PDMS模板上，进而实现了量子点的图案化转移，图案的形状可以通过改变PDMS凸点的形状来实现。基于该转移技术，进一步将其与其他功能层结合(器件结构如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)，成功地制备了量子点LED显示阵列(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F11", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)基于PDMS模板转印量子点图案的工艺流程图;(b)发光器件结果;(c)显示效果 " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Process flow to transfer QD patterns through PDMS template. Device structure(b) and actual feature(c) of demonstrated QLED" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349126&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349134&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349130&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2011年，来自韩国的学者通过类似的方式，同样实现了量子点图案的有效转印，转印流程如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。与前述方法不同的是，该方法是将量子点先旋涂在一个母基板上，为了降低量子点与母基板之间的黏附性，避免转移过程中量子点图案被PDMS模板吸附走，在母基板的表面额外涂敷了一层十八烷基三氯硅烷自组装单分子层(Octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer, ODTS SAM)，引入ODTS SAM后，母基板的表面能从1 140 mJ/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 迅速下降到了 21 mJ/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。另一方面，PDMS的表面能本身也较低(19.8 mJ/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，进而量子点黏附到PDMS凸点上时，也比较容易脱落。尽管PDMS的表面能还略低于经过ODTS SAM修饰后的母基板，量子点转印到PDMS凸点上主要是基于其粘弹特性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "68", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R68", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "68" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "69", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R69", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "69" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R68", "R69" ], "text": "68-69", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，但通过提高PDMS模板剥离的速度可以实现量子点薄膜的有效吸附。当剥离速度提升到60 mm/s时，整个PDMS凸条上均能完全吸附到量子点薄膜。基于相同的流程，依次将红色、绿色和蓝色量子点图案转移到同一块基板上，转移后的量子点图案在紫外灯照射下的效果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，可以发现基于该方法转移的膜层是整面连续均一的。基于转印的量子点膜层以合适的器件结构(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")集成到TFT基板上，成功制备了全彩量子点LED柔性显示器(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。 2015年，Kim等通过凹版转印的方式同样获得了高分辨率的量子点薄膜转移，所不同的是，量子点图案是通过转移到PDMS模板上之后再与一个凹版模型结合，实现图案化，然后进一步与待转移的基板接触，最终将量子点薄膜图案转印到目标基板上。基于该转移的量子点图案，配合器件结构设计，所制备的量子点发光器件最大亮度高达14 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F12", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "微接触转印技术。(a)工艺流程;(b)量子点图案;(c)QLED器件结构;(d)全彩显示器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Process flow(a), QD patterns(b), QLED device structure(c) and full-color display(d) based on micro-contact printing technique" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349137&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349143&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349140&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此外，光刻工艺作为半导体领域一种精密的图案化工艺，也有研究人员将其用于QD材料的图案化。2016年，Park等通过常规光刻工艺实现了红绿蓝3种量子点图案的精准制备。制备流程如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，其中主要包括5个关键步骤:第一步，旋涂光阻材料，并对光阻膜层进行预烘烤;第二步，将基板转入曝光装置，选用合适的光罩，利用紫外光对光罩进行曝光显影操作，获得光阻图案，其中被紫外光照射的部分光阻发生交联反应，在显影过程中被去除掉;第三步，对显影后的光阻膜层表面进行氧气等离子体处理，以改变光阻的表面，提高量子点与光阻层粘附的能力;第四步，通过层层自组装成膜方式" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "70", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R70", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，在光阻膜层上方沉积相对应的量子点薄膜;第五步，将膜层基板经过光阻剥离液处理，剩余部分的光阻被剥离掉，连同上方的量子点膜层一同被去除，未在光阻表面的量子点薄膜则被留下，进而实现量子点薄膜的图案化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。经由3个循环的工艺流程，即可实现红色、绿色和蓝色3种量子点薄膜的图案化。作为事例，作者制备了在紫外灯照射下显示如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的图形，并将其应用在了人物头像的图案制作上(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。2019年，Harwell通过类似的光刻工艺成功实现了钙钛矿薄膜的图案化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "71", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R71", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "71" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。除了这种间接的光刻方法之外，类似上面提到的QDCF制作方法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R40", "R41", "R42", "R43", "R44", "R45" ], "text": "40-45", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，也可以实现量子点材料的图案化，只是相关的结果并未发现应用于主动发光显示中。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F13", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "光刻法工艺流程(a)、量子点像素点(b)及人像图案(c)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Process flow(a), QD pixel dots(b) and portrait images(c) based on photolithography" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349145&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349147&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349146&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "除了上述两种图案化方法之外，喷墨打印方法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R61", "R62", "R63", "R64", "R65", "R66", "R67" ], "text": "61-67", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作为一种按需制备且无需光罩的图案化工艺，因所采用的原材料形态也属于液态形式、与量子点的溶液成膜特性具备较强的工艺兼容性，得到相关人员的广泛研究。2009年，Kim等通过喷墨打印的方式，成功实现了CdSe量子点图案的制备。他们首先配制了基于CdSe量子点、聚苯乙烯和氯仿的量子点墨水，为了达到较好的打印效果，设置了不同的聚苯乙烯浓度，质量比从1%~5%。基于所配制的墨水，采用如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "的打印工艺，以70 μm直径的喷头，实现了多种形态的量子点图案制备。通过调整打印液滴的数量，可以实现多种尺寸量子点图案的打印(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，控制液滴的数目，最终成功打印了红色、黄色和绿色量子点图案(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F14", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "喷墨打印法示意图(a)、不同直径(b)及红绿蓝量子点图案(c)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.14" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic diagram of IJP technique(a) and the fabricated QD patterns with different sizes(b) and colors(c)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349148&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349150&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349149&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对上述3种图案化技术进行分析总结，微接触转印技术主要是通过预先制作好的精密模板，通过模板的凸点图案将待转印的膜层吸附，进而再转印到目标基板上，该方法的主要问题在于制作精度不高、大面积化也比较困难。光刻工艺则是参考半导体制造工艺里面的图案化技术，将发光材料与光阻材料混合到一起，依靠光阻的图案化能力，达到将发光材料图案化的目的，该方法的材料利用率比较低，此外，发光材料的效率在曝光、显影过程中也受到较大影响。相比微接触转印和光刻工艺，喷墨打印技术作为一种无接触、按需打印、无光罩的工艺，并且所使用的原料正好是液态的，与量子点原材料具有极高的材料兼容性，材料利用率高，打印图案可以根据需求进行设置。显然，喷墨打印方法更适合用作量子点材料的图案化方法。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在确定以喷墨打印技术作为量子点材料的图案化方法之后，接下来在于如何制备符合上述需求的精细量子点图案。基于喷墨打印技术，已经有研究人员制备了量子点电致发光器件(QLED)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "64", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R64", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "64" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其中QD层作为发光层部分，其厚度比较薄，在纳米级别的厚度范围。与QLED不同，色转换应用的量子点薄膜，其厚度需求要高很多。传统的Ink-jet printing(IJP)制备的QD墨水主要由挥发性溶剂组成，可通过加热或真空干燥去除" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "72", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R72", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "72" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "73", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R73", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "73" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R72", "R73" ], "text": "72-73", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在溶剂去除过程中，由于液滴中心和边缘的溶剂蒸发速率不同，不可避免地会形成咖啡环。咖啡环通常是由于边缘的溶剂蒸发速率较高，留下的溶质比中心多，从而导致量子点非均匀分布，呈现出中间薄边缘厚的现象，该现象对色转换应用的薄膜厚度需求是一个巨大的挑战。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "针对基于喷墨打印技术的量子点色转换应用需求，华星光电的研究团队联合国内的星烁、普加福等量子点材料企业，开展了卓有成效的研究工作" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。基于两种量子点墨水:热固型和紫外光聚合型量子点油墨" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "64", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R64", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "64" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，开展了相关的打印实验探究。前一种主要由环己基苯和量子点组成，而后一种则由紫外光固化树脂和量子点组成。首先针对热固型量子点墨水的薄膜形成过程进行了初步探究，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图15(a)(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15(a)(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是单个墨滴的三维光学显微镜(3D-OM)图像及薄膜图案形成示意图。在" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图15(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中可以明显地观察到咖啡环现象，该现象的主要成因是马拉高尼效应(Marangoni effect)，由于液滴各区域溶剂挥发速率不同使得流体由内向外流动，进而带动墨水内部微粒运动，使其沉积在边缘成环，咖啡环形成示意图如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图15(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。除此之外，由于溶剂在墨水中属于主要成分，而溶剂的去除导致薄膜缩小严重，最终制得的量子点薄膜难以达到微米级别。因此，开发一种既能较好减弱咖啡环效应同时膜缩率低的墨水对于量子点色转换层应用来说极为重要。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F15", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "热固型(a)及UV固化型(b)单个量子点墨滴3D光学显微镜图像;热固型(c)及UV固化型(d)图案形成示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.15" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3D-OM images of a single solvent-based QD droplet(a) and polymer-based QD droplet(c). Schematic for coffee-ring formation of the solvent-based QD droplet(b) and UV-polymerization of the polymer-based QD droplet(d) " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349151&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349155&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349153&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2015年，中科院化学所的宋延林研究员团队通过活性喷墨打印方法，原位打印出了量子点聚合物图案，所打印的量子点薄膜无咖啡环现象，基于该技术实现了红色量子点二维码图案的打印" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "64", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R64", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "64" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。由此可见，活性喷墨打印可以较好地解决上述难题，不过该方法需要H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S气体氛围处理，H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S属于剧毒气体，对于大面积制备而言，危险性较高。2016年，Wei等基于紫外聚合反应，制备了量子点聚合物薄膜" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，由于单体溶剂在反应发生后形成聚合物，成为量子点薄膜的一部分，很显然膜缩率较低。相对而言，紫外聚合活性喷墨打印过程可操作性更强，比较适合大面积量子点图案的制备。在紫外光聚合型墨水中，不同于热固型的墨水会有溶剂挥发进而带动墨水内部微粒运动的问题，在紫外光的照射下，墨水内的聚合单体在光引发剂的驱动下迅速发生交联反应，反应完成后，量子点被形成的聚合物完全包覆住，由于整个过程基本不存在溶剂的流动，另外也无明显的溶剂流失，因而咖啡环及膜缩问题都得到了极好的解决。紫外光聚合型量子点薄膜形成过程如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图15(c)(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15(c)(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于紫外光聚合型量子点墨水，采用喷墨打印技术，成功制备了微米级别的红光和绿光CdSe量子点薄膜，并且获得了高效的蓝-绿光和蓝-红光转换，为下一步色转换显示器的制备打下了良好的基础。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3　量子点色转换主动发光显示器" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "目前的主动发光显示技术主要有两种: AMOLED和μLED显示器，其中AMOLED显示技术已经实现量产，在中小尺寸手机面板及大尺寸高端电视等多个领域都已获得应用。具体分析AMOLED显示技术，其中在中小尺寸方面，主要由RGB OLED的像素设计为主，理论上而言，大尺寸电视也能采用类似的策略，不过在该技术路线中需要用到超精细金属掩模版(Fine metal mask,FMM)，其均一性在大面积下难以保证，技术难度过大。因此，基于OLED技术的大尺寸面板则采用WOLED+CF的策略" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "76", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R76", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "76" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "88", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R88", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "88" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R76", "R77", "R78", "R79", "R80", "R81", "R82", "R83", "R84", "R85", "R86", "R87", "R88" ], "text": "76-88", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，该技术主要由韩国LG公司垄断" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "85", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R85", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "85" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R81", "R82", "R83", "R84", "R85" ], "text": "81-85", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，目前绝大部分的AMOLED电视面板均由LG公司提供。为了突破LG的专利限制，包括三星在内的其他面板公司一直尝试开发新的技术与LG公司的WOLED+CF技术抗衡，抢夺高端电视领域的市场，其中量子点显示技术受到各大面板厂的广泛关注。三星在该技术方面的研究最为热衷，对材料、器件及显示架构等诸多方面布局" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "89", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R89", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "89" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，并针对量子点显示技术做了明确的量产规划(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图16", "type": "fig", "rid": "F16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)。上文提及的量子点背光技术已经应用在了三星的电视上，目前正在被大力开发的是QD-OLED技术，该技术的核心正是量子点色转换策略。据报道，三星即将在2021年对该技术进行量产，不过相关的技术细节并未被公开，也从未在相关的显示行业大会(如SID)上看到三星公司关于该技术的分享。针对该技术，国内的华星光电等公司也进行了相关的布局" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，并分享了部分技术细节。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F16", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图16" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "三星电子TV技术开发规划" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.16" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TV developing roadmap of SEC" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349157&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349162&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349159&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QD-OLED技术是指以蓝光OLED作为激发源、结合量子点色转换策略来实现全彩显示，该技术可以有效地避开LG的WOLED+CF技术壁垒，同时由于TFT基板侧只有一种蓝光OLED器件，也可以很好地克服大尺寸FMM制作的挑战。2018年，Hu等首先开发了红光QD-OLED显示器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，在该显示模组中，考虑到蓝光OLED本身较低的器件效率(量产的AMOLED显示器，蓝光OLED采用荧光材料)，采用了三叠层的器件设计来获得更高的电流效率，进一步基于前述的喷墨打印结合紫外光聚合策略，制备了精细的微米级别红光量子点图案。同时，为了确保蓝-红光的有效转换以及降低环境光对量子点的影响" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "90", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R90", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "90" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，红光量子点材料打印在了红色CF上，基于该架构，最终获得了6.6 英寸的红光QD-OLED显示器。在此之后，基于同样的策略，该团队进行了全彩QD-OLED显示器的开发" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，显示器的面板架构如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图17(a)(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图17(a)(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。在该架构中，底层单元是蓝光OLED背光显示器，同样采用了三叠层的顶发射蓝光OLED器件作为激发源;中间层是基于量子点色转层，其中红、绿色像素位置分别基于红光和绿光CdSe量子点，蓝色像素位置则采用了TiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "散射粒子墨水，3种像素图案均采用IJP工艺结合紫外光聚合的策略制作在黑色Bank当中，色转换层的厚度在510 μm之间;最上层同样引入了红色和绿色CF来获得更佳的色转换效果及更低的环境光影响，其中蓝色CF的引入主要是为了满足色转换基板膜面平整度以及提升蓝光视角的需求。基于该设计，最终获得了6.6 英寸的全彩QD-OLED显示器(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图17(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图17(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，显示器的色域高达95%的BT. 2020，该结果证实了量子点材料作为色转换材料实现全彩显示的潜力。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F17", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图17" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QD-OLED显示器面板架构示意图(a)、截面结构图(b)及所展示的彩色画面(c)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.17" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A schematic illustration of proposed architecture(a) and cross-section structure diagram(b) for QD-OLED display panel. (c)Colorful image manifested by this QD-OLED display" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349164&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349167&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349166&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "尽管QD-OLED全彩显示器具备极佳的色彩表现，面板架构也比较简单，但是蓝光OLED的器件效率及稳定性是其进一步发展的关键制约因素" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "85", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R85", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "85" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "91", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R91", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "91" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表3", "type": "table", "rid": "T3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，相比而言，μLED在对比度、寿命、响应时间、工作温度范围、视角、能耗等多个性能指标方面均表现更佳，目前唯一处于劣势的是其相对高昂的成本，而高额的成本主要源于其仍然不够成熟的制备工艺以及相对高昂的芯片成本，相信这两方面都会随着产业化进程得到有效解决。因此，μLED作为一种新型显示技术，受到苹果、三星、Sony等诸多电子科技巨头的广泛关注，并被看作是继CRT、TFT-LCD和AMOLED之后的第四代显示技术" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "92", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R92", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "92" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "94", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R94", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "94" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R92", "R93", "R94" ], "text": "92-94", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "两种显示技术(AMOLED和μLED)关键技术指标对比" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Benchmark of key parameters of two display techniques: AMOLED and μLED" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "显示技术" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "显示模式" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对比度" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "寿命" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "响应 时间" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "工作温度/ ℃" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "成本" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "能耗" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1/2亮度视角/ (°)" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "显示色域 (NTSC)" } ] } ] ], "body": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "AMOLED" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "主动发光" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": ">10 000∶1" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "较短" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μs" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-3085" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中等" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中等" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": ">130" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "<110%" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μLED" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "主动发光" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": ">10 000∶1" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "较长" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ns" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-100120" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "高" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "低" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": ">140" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": ">120%" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ], "graphics": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349169&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349168&type=" } } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "针对μLED的分类，目前业内比较广泛认可的是将芯片尺寸小于50 μm的当作μLED，尺寸介于50~200 μm之间的则当作Mini-LED，除了尺寸的区别外，一般认为μLED是去除掉了蓝宝石衬底。对于用于主动发光显示用途的Mini-LED芯片(如下文即将提到的0408型号LED)，考虑到在色转换应用上的技术挑战与μLED是类似的，同时为了与背光用的Mini-LED区分，也为了跟当下已有的产品(如三星“The Wall”，采用的是包含蓝宝石衬底的Mini-LED芯片，仍然称作μLED显示器)保持一致，本文仍然将其称作μLED。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "μLED显示器在开发过程中也存在一些挑战，首先是红、绿和蓝光μLED芯片发光效率存在较大的区别。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图18(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图18(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为实际测得的3种颜色0408型号μLED芯片的外量子效率，其中蓝光的效率最高，红光的效率最低，两者的效率相差两倍以上。而另一方面，在实际显示面板的亮度需求中，为了达到白平衡，蓝光所需的亮度是最低的，红绿蓝三种发光颜色的亮度比值大约为2∶7∶1，这样就导致LED芯片的效率趋势与白平衡所需的亮度需求是矛盾的。为了消除这种矛盾，在实际像素设计中，必须将红绿蓝3种μLED的驱动TFT设计得相差较大才能弥补这种差异。以上述0408芯片为例，红色μLED的TFT尺寸是蓝色μLED对应LED尺寸的14倍，这不可避免地增加了设计上的复杂度。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F18", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图18" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)红光、绿光和蓝光0408 LED芯片外量子效率随电流密度的变化趋势;(b)不同颜色LED发光强度随温度的变化趋势(来源:2018 SSL R&D Opportunities,DOE)。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.18" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)EQE variation trend of 0408 LED chip with current density. (b)Emission strength variation trend of LED chip with different colors(Source: 2018 SSL R&D Opportunities, DOE)." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349170&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349172&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349171&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "另外，3种颜色LED的效率随温度的变化趋势也完全不同(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图18(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图18(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)，其中蓝色LED的效率随温度衰减最小，其次是绿光LED，效率衰减最快的是红光μLED，这样导致在实际使用过程中，随着温度的变化，显示的画面可能会发生颜色偏移现象。除了效率方面的差异外，由于红光LED所用材料(目前主要基于GaAs衬底)的原因，红光LED本身比较脆弱，对于无蓝宝石衬底的芯片，其在转移过程中相对蓝绿光LED容易破损，从而导致转移失败。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "鉴于此，研究人员提出用蓝光或紫外光LED结合色转换层的做法来解决上述问题" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "95", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R95", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "95" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "99", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R99", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "99" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R95", "R96", "R97", "R98", "R99" ], "text": "95-99", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。2008年，Gong等采用UV LED激发红绿量子点实现了红绿光的色转换发射" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "99", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R99", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "99" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。之后Liu等进一步提出用红绿蓝荧光粉结合UV LED实现全彩显示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "100", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R100", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "100" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，不过，他们均只提出了相关概念，并没有展示LED器件搭配图案化色转换层后的显示结果。2015年，中国台湾交通大学郭浩中教授课题组提出了喷涂量子点材料到UV LED表面实现全彩显示，制备流程如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图19", "type": "fig", "rid": "F19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。首先制备UV LED阵列，之后依次喷涂红色、绿色和蓝色量子点材料到LED芯片表面，最后再贴合一层布拉格反射层来减少紫外光的外漏，基于该设计成功实现了红绿蓝图案的显示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "95", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R95", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "95" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。然而，由于LED芯片周边未做挡光设计，像素之间的串扰现象较为严重。2017年，他们采用光刻工艺制备了黑色阻隔层，降低了串扰风险" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "96", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R96", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "96" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。上述结果均是以UV LED作为激发源，所制备的显示模型也仅仅展示了单色的画面，未能展示实际的图案画面，真实的显示效果仍有待进一步的验证。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F19", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图19" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)紫外光LED制作;喷涂红色(b)、绿色(c)和蓝色(d)量子点色转换层;(e)器件封装" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "95", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R95", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "95" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.19" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Fabrication of UV LEDs. Spray-coating red(b), green(c) and blue(d) QD CCLs. (e)Device encapsulation" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "95", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R95", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "95" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349173&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349177&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349175&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2020年，维信诺公司的团队以蓝光μLED作为激发源，结合喷墨打印的量子点色转换层(面板架构如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图20(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图20(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)制作了1.5英寸的全彩显示器，实现了红、绿、蓝3种颜色的“V”型LOGO显示(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图20(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图20(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，证实了量子点色转换层结合蓝光μLED实现全彩显示的潜力" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "101", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R101", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "101" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。然而，该显示器所展示的红绿蓝画面并不纯正，显示器较低的显示色域(78.6%NTSC)也证实了该现象，这主要是由于相邻像素之间比较严重的串扰现象导致的。针对该现象，我们进行了详细的光学模拟及实验验证，该部分工作将在下面的钙钛矿全彩显示应用部分介绍。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F20", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图20" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点色转换μLED全彩显示器的面板架构(a)及红蓝绿画面(b)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "101", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R101", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "101" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.20" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Panel architecture(a) and RGB patterns(b) of full-color display based on blue μLED and QD CCLs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "101", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R101", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "101" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349179&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349185&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349182&type=" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　钙钛矿全彩显示应用" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿材料在19世纪末被发现" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "102", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R102", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "102" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，在此后的很长一段时间里，鲜有相关的研究成果报道。1978年，Weber首次报道了CH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Pb" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=Cl, Br,I)和CH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "SnBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的特性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "103", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R103", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "103" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "104", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R104", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "104" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R103", "R104" ], "text": "103-104", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。此后的十余年时间里，关于钙钛矿材料的研究主要在于其基本物理和化学特性方面，直到1994年，日本九州大学的Era等以(C" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "C" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "PbI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为发光材料制作了发光二极管(LED)，在液氮氛围中，实现了亮度为10 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的绿光发射" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "105", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R105", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "105" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，这是钙钛矿材料在LED上的首次应用。1999年，来自美国IBM的研究人员将(C" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "C" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "SnI" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "应用在薄膜晶体管(TFT)中" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "106", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R106", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "106" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，用作半导体有源层，这是钙钛矿材料首次应用于TFT中，不过这一结果并没有引起太多关注。2009年，日本学者Miyasaka教授以有机-无机复合钙钛矿材料CH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Pb" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "X" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=Br,I)作为感光剂制得了太阳能电池" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "107", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R107", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "107" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，效率达到了3.81%。这一结果的报道引起了钙钛矿材料在光电应用方面广泛的研究兴趣，5年之后，钙钛矿材料也成功应用在常温LED上" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "108", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R108", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "108" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，同一年，钙钛矿材料进一步成功应用在光探测器(Photodetector)上" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "109", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R109", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "109" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。至此，钙钛矿材料在TFT、太阳能电池、LED、Photodetector等光电子器件上面都获得了应用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "相较钙钛矿在其他领域的应用，钙钛矿材料在显示方面的应用稍微晚一步，大概从2015年开始，相关的研究逐渐兴起。从理论上而言，钙钛矿LED和白光LED均可用在显示领域。具体来讲，主要有四种方式将钙钛矿材料应用于显示领域，其中钙钛矿LED对应的是如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图21", "type": "fig", "rid": "F21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的第四种方式，不过由于钙钛矿LED目前的稳定性欠佳，即便是当前报道的效率最高的LED器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "110", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R110", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "110" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "112", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R112", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "112" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R110", "R111", "R112" ], "text": "110-112", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，寿命也仅有区区百小时的水平，这样的器件稳定性难以满足显示器长期使用的要求。因此，涉及钙钛矿LED在显示领域的应用仍然为时过早。针对基于钙钛矿用作下转换材料的白光光源而言，其在显示领域的应用主要是在薄膜晶体管液晶显示器(TFT-LCD)的背光上(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图21(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图21(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。此外，钙钛矿材料也可以制备成具有彩色滤光片(CF)功能的薄膜，进而取代液晶显示器里面的CF(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图21(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图21(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，但目前暂无相关的研究成果报道。除了前述三方面的应用，钙钛矿材料还可以作为色转换层用在显示领域(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图21(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图21(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，该方面应用类似于前述白光照明光源的获取，需要结合蓝光LED或OLED来实现全彩显示。有所不同的是此处的能量转移是完全的，经由钙钛矿Color conversion layer(CCL)后，蓝光需要完全转化成相对应的绿光或红光，进而实现全彩显示。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F21", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图21" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿材料4种应用于显示的可能方式:钙钛矿背光(a)和钙钛矿滤光膜(b)增强液晶显示器;钙钛矿色转换OLED或μLED(c)及PeLED(d)全彩显示器。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.21" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Four types of display structure to utilize perovskite materials: TFT-LCD based on perovskite backlight(a) and perovskite CF(b), (c)Full-color OLED or μLED displays based on perovskite CCLs,(d)PeLED display." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349186&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349193&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349190&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "与传统无机量子点(CdSe等)相比，钙钛矿的色纯度、发光颜色和荧光量子产率等诸多性能都表现接近，在吸光系数特性方面，钙钛矿材料相对表现更佳，可以达到10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "113", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R113", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "113" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "114", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R114", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "114" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R113", "R114" ], "text": "113-114", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，根据前面的理论，这对色转换应用是非常有利的。此外，钙钛矿材料的制备难度相对更简单，因此钙钛矿色转换应用是有较大研究意义的。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4.1　钙钛矿液晶显示器背光应用" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s4a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿材料显示应用起始于TFT-LCD所需的背光方面的应用。2015年，北京理工大学钟海政教授课题组通过配体辅助室温再沉淀技术制备了覆盖可见光范围的多种钙钛矿量子点材料，制备过程如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图22(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图22(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。通过该方法制备的量子点材料，具有较高的激子束缚能;此外，在材料制备过程中人为地增加Br的含量，实现了对量子点表面的有效钝化，进而使得制备的量子点材料具备较高的发光效率。以绿光量子点为例(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图22(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图22(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，荧光量子产率高达70%。进一步将该材料与K" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "SiF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Mn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(KSF)结合，制得了背光所需的白光，经由CF转化后，可以实现高达130%的NTSC色域，具体的白光器件结构及其光电显示性能如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图22(d)(f)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图22(d)(f)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "115", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R115", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "115" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F22", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图22" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)配体辅助室温再沉淀技术示意图;(b)钙钛矿前驱体示意图;(c)CH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿溶液;(d)CIE色坐标;基于钙钛矿绿光量子点及KSF的WLED器件结构示意图(e)及电致发光光谱(f)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "115", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R115", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "115" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.22" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Schematic illustration of the reaction system and process for LARP technique. (b)Schematic illustration of starting materials in the precursor solution. (c)Typical optical image of colloidal CH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " solution. (d)CIE color coordinates. Schematic diagram(e) and EL spectra(f) of WLED devices using green emissive perovskite QDs and KSF" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "115", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R115", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "115" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349195&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349205&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349201&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2016年，北京理工大学钟海政教授团队进一步开发了原位制备方法，该方法包含3个步骤:首先是配制包含聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、MABr和PbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的前驱体溶液;然后将适量的前驱体溶液刮涂到玻璃衬底上，并将其置于真空烘箱中进行溶剂去除，此时膜层呈现透明的颜色;最后将所制备的钙钛矿膜从烘箱中取出，膜层慢慢地变成绿色。基于该MAPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/PVDF复合膜层，再与红色荧光粉KSF结合，在蓝光LED的激发下，成功获得了高色域的背光光源，显示色域高达121%的NTSC，所制备的背光光源结构及其性能如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图23(a)(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图23(a)(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "116", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R116", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "116" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。基于该背光架构，之后他们成功将其应用在一款显示器上，显示效果优于当时量产的苹果笔记本所用的显示器(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图23(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图23(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "117", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R117", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "117" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "119", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R119", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "119" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R117", "R118", "R119" ], "text": "117-119", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。 同一年，中佛罗里达大学的研究团队基于溶胀微封装技术制备了一系列稳定性优良的绿光钙钛矿膜层，基于该绿光钙钛矿膜层与红光量子点膜层结合，在蓝光LED的激发下，同样获得了显示色域极高的背光光源，色域高达95%的Rec. 2020" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "120", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R120", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "120" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在此之后，其他研究人员也陆续报道了基于蓝光LED结合绿色钙钛矿材料和红色荧光粉KSF的高色域背光光源" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "121", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R121", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "121" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "122", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R122", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "122" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R121", "R122" ], "text": "121-122", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。2020年，钟海政教授团队进一步开发了基于全钙钛矿材料的液晶显示器背光，采用红色钙钛矿材料取代了之前的KSF或红光CdSe量子点，并将所制备的背光应用在一个32英寸的显示器上" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "123", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R123", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "123" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，进一步拓展了钙钛矿材料在背光显示应用的潜力。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F23", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图23" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "白光LED器件。(a)结构图及实物图;(b)发光光谱;(c)基于钙钛矿薄膜的背光;(d)白光LED所能获得的色域;(e)钙钛矿背光液晶显示器与苹果笔记本电脑显示器显示效果比较" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "116", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R116", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "116" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "117", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R117", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "117" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R116", "R117" ], "text": "116-117", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.23" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Schematic diagram of the device design and photographs of white LED under the operation. (b)Emission spectrum of the white LED. (c)A backlight based on perovskite films. (d)Color coordinate(black star) and the color triangle(white line) of obtained white LED is exhibited in CIE 1931 diagram. (e)Comparison of colorful images displayed on the LCD prototype based on perovskite backlight and Apple MacBook Air" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "116", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R116", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "116" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "117", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R117", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "117" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R116", "R117" ], "text": "116-117", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349211&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349220&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349216&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4.2　钙钛矿色转换主动发光全彩显示应用" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s4b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "与常规量子点材料类似，将钙钛矿材料用作色转换层，首先要考虑的是如何获得高效的蓝-绿或者蓝-红光转换。根据前面的讨论，考虑到钙钛矿材料的吸光系数在10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "量级，与常规量子点材料类似，参考CdSe量子点用作色转换层的情况" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，进一步结合钙钛矿在照明方面的应用情况，推测钙钛矿材料用作色转换层必须达到微米级别的厚度才能实现高效率的光转换。2014年，Xiao等通过溶剂退火的方法首次制得了厚度超过1 μm的碘化钙钛矿膜层" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "124", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R124", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "124" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "125", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R125", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "125" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R124", "R125" ], "text": "124-125", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";之后，Liu等利用气-固反应也获得了相似厚度的碘化钙钛矿薄膜" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "126", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R126", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "126" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。不过，它们均用在了太阳能电池上，并未对其色转换特性进行表征，也未进一步将该方法用于钙钛矿发光应用方面，钙钛矿材料色转换应用潜力仍有待探究。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "针对钙钛矿色转换应用，我们首先对其基本的色转换能力进行了探究，并自主开发了真空干燥的钙钛矿薄膜制备技术" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "127", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R127", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "127" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，成功制备了微米级别厚度均匀的CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜，薄膜的厚度可以根据采用的前驱体溶液浓度得到有效调节。进一步地，对薄膜的色转换特性进行了表征，选用发光峰在463 nm的顶发射蓝光OLED作为激发源，测试中直接将薄膜基板叠加在蓝光OLED发光区域，保证整个OLED的发光区域均被钙钛矿薄膜完全遮挡。实际的光致激发效果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图24(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图24(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，可以明显看出，当CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜的厚度仅为1 μm时，仍然有较大部分的蓝光透过薄膜未被转换成绿光，表明1 μm厚CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜具有的色转换能力仍然不足;当CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜的厚度增加到3 μm左右时，成功实现了彻底的蓝光到绿光的转换(从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图24(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图24(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "的插图也可以看出色转换效果);进一步增加CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜的厚度，所转换的发光颜色则发生了明显的红移，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图24(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图24(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所展示的色坐标变化趋势也证实了这一现象。为了进一步探究CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜在显示产品中的色转换作用，选取了3 μm厚的CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜做测试，将该薄膜分别放置在一个μLED显示器(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图24(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图24(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")和显示蓝色北京大学校徽的智能手机屏幕(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图24(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图24(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")上，可以明显地发现，蓝色图案均被有效地转换为对应的绿色图案，表明色转换是充分的。此外，也对薄膜的稳定性进行了初步的测试，将薄膜暴露在室温环境中18 d后再进行光转换性能测量，光转换的颜色未发生任何变化，转换的亮度仅仅下降了约2%。所制备的CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜表现出如此优良的稳定性，我们推测可能与两个因素强相关:第一，薄膜相对较高的厚度(达到了微米级别)，第二，薄膜所具备的均一多晶态体结构形貌。这两个形貌特征使得氧气、水分等杂质难以破坏CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜的深层结构" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "126", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R126", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "126" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "128", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R128", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "128" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F24", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图24" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "真空干燥法制备CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿薄膜光转换特性。(a)归一化光转换特性光谱;(b)CIE色坐标;(c)薄膜稳定性数据;薄膜在μLED(d)及OLED(e)智能手机上的光转换特性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "127", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R127", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "127" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.24" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Photoconversion performance of CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " perovskite films. PL spectra(a) and the corresponding CIE coordinates(b) of the perovskite films. (c)Stability characteristics of the films. (d)Microscopic images of blue μLED pixel without(left) and with CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " film(right). (e)Color conversion feature of a blue PKU logo realized by CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " film" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "127", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R127", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "127" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349224&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349232&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349229&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于上述结果，我们尝试将其引入到显示面板中，考虑到面板内部精细的器件结构，必须将钙钛矿材料图案化，才能与像素级别的蓝光OLED或μLED有效集成实现全彩显示。借鉴量子点色转换应用的开发经验，同样采用喷墨打印的策略来进行钙钛矿材料的图案化制备。我们基于CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "量子点材料开展了喷墨打印探究" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，采用喷墨打印结合紫外光聚合的策略，成功制备了微米级别钙钛矿量子点薄膜，对其发光特性及色转换效果进行了进一步的表征。薄膜在UV光(365 nm)的照射下，无论是宏观的薄膜还是微观下Bank像素内的薄膜(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图25(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图25(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，均表现出较好的发光均匀性，Bank像素内未出现类似热固化薄膜存在的中间区域暗边缘明亮的现象，该结果进一步说明UV固化策略有效地抑制了咖啡环现象的产生。与此同时，我们对6 μm厚度的薄膜进行了色转换特性测量，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图25(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图25(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，在蓝光OLED的激发下，结合绿色CF的过滤作用，成功实现了蓝光到绿光的转化，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图25(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图25(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "的插图也能明显地证实该结果。进一步，我们基于该方法，打印了6.6寸大小的钙钛矿量子点薄膜，将该薄膜与蓝色OLED背光显示器结合，成功地实现了色转换的绿光显示器。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图25(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图25(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是色转换的一只鸟的显示效果，该结果表明紫外光聚合喷墨打印技术是钙钛矿材料图案化及将其用于色转换的有效手段。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F25", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图25" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿量子点薄膜紫外光照射效果;(b)归一化光转换特性光谱;(c)绿光钙钛矿QD-OLED样机效果图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.25" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Photos of the perovskite CCL excited by UV light. (b)Normalized PL spectra. (c)Display image of the green active matrix perovskite QD-OLED panel" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349235&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349240&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349238&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "我们进一步尝试将图案化的钙钛矿量子点薄膜与蓝光μLED结合" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "129", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R129", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "129" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "130", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R130", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "130" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R129", "R130" ], "text": "129-130", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，实现色转换全彩μLED显示器。与常规量子点材料搭配蓝光μLED的情况类似，要实现优良显示效果的色转换全彩显示器，相邻像素之间的串扰风险" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "101", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R101", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "101" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是一个关键的制约因素。针对该现象，首先进行了初步的实验探究。将蓝光μLED背光显示器与色转换基板直接组装到一起，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图26(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图26(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是像素单元内μLED及色转换图案的示意图，可以发现，μLED的尺寸跟像素的尺寸在同一个尺寸量级。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图26(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图26(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的截面图，展示的是直接将色转换层叠加到蓝光μLED背光显示器的上方，将色转换膜层与蓝宝石衬底接触。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图26(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图26(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是在只点亮蓝色子像素下方μLED的情况下，整个面板在放大镜下的实际显示效果，可以明显地看出红绿子像素上方的色转换层也被激发点亮。该现象表明，在现有的架构下，相邻像素之间存在明显的串扰现象，点亮其他子像素下方的蓝光μLED，也同样有类似串扰现象的发生。我们推测这主要由于μLED本身较大的发光视角所致，测量得到蓝光μLED芯片的1/2亮度视角高达160°" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "130", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R130", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "130" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F26", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图26" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "色转换层直接叠加到蓝色μLED背光的像素结构示意图(a)、截面图(b)及其串扰现象(c)。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.26" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic diagram of pixel(a), cross-section view(b) and actual feature(c) of prototype with CCL plate directly stacked on top of blue μLED backlight." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349243&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349250&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349246&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于μLED的视角结果，针对上述串扰现象，进一步采用LightTool软件对其进行了模拟" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "130", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R130", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "130" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。通过调整μLED发光区域与色转换层之间的距离，对串扰现象进行模拟，针对色转换层直接与蓝宝石衬底接触的情况，将距离设置成跟蓝宝石厚度相同，即65 μm。模拟结果证实此时临近像素之间的串扰是非常明显的，相邻像素的发光强度分布是完全交叠的。当距离降低到10 μm时，串扰现象明显减弱，此时相邻像素的发光强度分布已经具有明显的界限。该模拟结果表明，减小色转换层与μLED光源之间的距离是降低串扰的有效方法。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于上述模拟结果，考虑到降低蓝宝石厚度后，μLED Wafer在切割过程中容易发生破损，生产的可行性较低，我们设计了基于透明聚亚酰胺(Colorless polyimide,CPI)衬底的底发射蓝光μLED背光显示器(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图27(a)(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图27(a)(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)。在该设计中，通过在μLED上方覆盖一层反射型的白胶，将发光方向导向CPI一侧，由于所用CPI的厚度仅为10 μm，忽略TFT基板本身的厚度。基于该设计，通过将色转换层叠加到CPI一侧，可以达到减小色转换层与蓝色发光位置之间距离的目的，进而实现降低串扰风险的目标。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F27", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图27" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "底发射色转换μLED全彩显示器。(a)(b)面板架构示意图及截面图;(c)(e)色转换全彩μLED显示器的红绿蓝北京大学校徽图案;(f)草莓图像;(g)两种显示器的显示色域与NTSC及BT. 2020标准色域" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "130", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R130", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "130" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.27" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic illustration(a) and cross-section structure diagram(b) of the prototype. (c)–(e)Red, green, and blue images of Peking University logo. (f)Vivid strawberry image manifested by this CCLs-incorporated micro-LED display. (g)Color gamut of BT. 2020, NTSC standard, the demonstrated module and conventional micro-LED display purely based on RGB LED chips" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "130", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R130", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "130" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349255&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349264&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21349259&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对最终获得的色转换μLED全彩显示器的显示性能进行了表征，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图27(c)(e)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图27(c)(e)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "展示了用该显示器显示的红绿蓝3种颜色的北京大学校徽，可以看出其色彩表现是非常纯正的。整体而言，色彩表现优于基于常规RGB μLED芯片的全彩显示器，两块显示器的显示色域表现(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图27(g)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图27(g)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")也证实了该结果。基于常规RGB μLED芯片的全彩显示器其显示色域仅能达到99%NTSC，而基于色转换的全彩显示器，显示色域高达129% NTSC。此外，尽管只将绿光通过CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "钙钛矿色转换层转换，其余的蓝色跟红色仍然采用常规μLED芯片，所获得的显示器色域也高达126% NTSC，结果表明钙钛矿材料的确展示出用作色转换层的巨大潜力。最后，基于该显示器展示了彩色的草莓图像，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图27(f)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图27(f)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，可以看出，草莓的特征被展示得栩栩如生。该结果进一步表明，底发射蓝光μLED背光显示器结合色转换层是实现全彩显示的有效方案。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5　结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文综述了量子点、钙钛矿作为色转换材料，在液晶显示器背光及与蓝光OLED和μLED搭配实现全彩显示应用方面的进展。相比而言，量子点在液晶显示器背光方面的应用更为成熟，已经获得了量产，在与蓝光OLED和μLED搭配实现全彩主动发光显示器方面，暂无量产实绩，仍有待进一步验证。针对钙钛矿材料的色转换应用，无论是液晶显示器背光还是搭配蓝光OLED和μLED方面，相关的研究都处于起步阶段，仍存在着一些重要的科学和技术问题亟待解决。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)色转换层光效提升。常规量子点及钙钛矿在溶液状态下的PLQY都高达90%以上，在目前的色转换层应用中，远远没有达到这么高的光转换效率，材料的光致发光仍然有很大开发潜力。在现有架构下，蓝光到红光或者绿光的亮度转化率仍然没达到100%，因此，必须通过改进色转换层的膜层结构来提升本身的光转换效率。另外，色转换层制作在玻璃基板上，光取出效率方面也有较大的提升空间。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)材料稳定性提升及探究。在背光应用方面，常规量子点的稳定性已得到了较好的改善，但在与蓝光OLED和μLED搭配方面，无论是光照稳定性还是水氧稳定性，相关的研究还都较少。对于钙钛矿材料，目前报道的稳定性数据离实际应用仍有较大差距;此外，针对其耐温、耐湿、耐光等稳定性测试，目前研究也较少，而这些对于实际应用是必须要考虑的。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(3)原位制备绿色钙钛矿色转换层色纯度提升。目前应用于μLED的钙钛矿材料仍然为通过热注入法合成的CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "量子点，其本质上仍然属于量子点材料，相对而言，原位制备钙钛矿膜层更简单易行。基于原位制备的微米级别CsPbBr" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜尽管实现了蓝光到绿光的色转换，但是所转换的绿光色纯度不高，远远偏离NTSC和BT. 2020的绿色标准，如何提升薄膜的发光色纯度是原位制备微米级别钙钛矿薄膜需要重点解决的问题。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(4)红色钙钛矿色转换层开发。目前制备的色转换μLED全彩显示器仍然采用常规的CdSe量子点材料作为红光色转换层，基于钙钛矿的红光色转换层仍然未能成功开发，业界也暂未实现原位制备发光稳定的红光钙钛矿薄膜，因此，开发红光色转换钙钛矿材料刻不容缓。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(5)材料的毒性问题。目前常规量子点材料，性能比较优异的仍然是Cd系的，而对于钙钛矿材料而言，目前仍然以Pb系的为主，无论是Cd还是Pb，都属于毒性较大的重金属，两者都比较难以符合Rohs的相关规定，因此加大力度开发非Cd系量子点及非Pb体系钙钛矿材料，对于它们走向更广范围的量产市场是至关重要的。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "总之，量子点、钙钛矿色转换全彩显示应用，作为一个实现全彩显示的新型方案在实现超高显示色域方面具有无可比拟的优势。与蓝光μLED搭配制备色转换全彩μLED显示器是一个双赢的技术方案，能最大程度地发挥μLED高效率以及色转换材料色彩表现优良的优势，值得进一步开发。" } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献:" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "HUANG Y G" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "HSIANG E L" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "DENG M Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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Technol." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2020" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "5" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "8" }, { "name": "text", "data": "):" }, { "name": "text", "data": "2000251" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Full-color micro-LED display with csPbBr3 perovskite and CdSe quantum dots as color conversion layers" } ] } ] }, "response": [], "contributions": [], "acknowledgements": [], "conflict": [], "supportedby": [], "articlemeta": { "doi": "10.37188/CJL.20200391", "clc": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "TP394.1;TH691.9" } ] ], "dc": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ], "publisherid": "1000-7032(2021)04-0419-29", "citeme": [], "fundinggroup": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "广东省重点专项（2019B010924003）;深圳市基础研究项目（JCYJ20170818085627903）资助" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Supported by Key­Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2019B010924003); Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Program (JCYJ20170818085627903)" } ] } ], "history": { "received": "2020-12-19", "revised": "2021-01-11", "ppub": "2021-04-01", "opub": "2021-10-22" }, "copyright": { "data": [], "year": "2021" } }, "appendix": [], "type": "research-article", "ethics": [], "supplementary": [], "journalTitle": "发光学报", "issue": "04", "volume": "42", "originalSource": [] }