Effect of Bonding Ratio of Erbium-Doped Nanocrystals to Polymers on Gain Properties of Optical Waveguide Amplifier Enhanced Publication

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "掺铒纳米晶与聚合物键合比例对光波导放大器增益性质的影响" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Effect of Bonding Ratio of Erbium-Doped Nanocrystals to Polymers on Gain Properties of Optical Waveguide Amplifier" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "唐", "givenname": "迎", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "TANG", "givenname": "Ying", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "唐迎（1997-），女，安徽池州人，硕士研究生，2016 年于蚌埠学院获得学士学位，主要从事稀土掺杂聚合物光波导放大器的研究。E-mail: tandying@163.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599717&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599717&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599717&type=", "width": "22.00000000", "height": "29.67855835", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "唐迎" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1997-），女，安徽池州人，硕士研究生，2016 年于蚌埠学院获得学士学位，主要从事稀土掺杂聚合物光波导放大器的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "tandying@163.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "tandying@163.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "李", "givenname": "俊", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "LI", "givenname": "Jun", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "符", "givenname": "越吾", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "FU", "givenname": "Yue-wu", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "赵", "givenname": "丹", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "ZHAO", "givenname": "Dan", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "Email： dzhao@jlu.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Email： dzhao@jlu.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "赵丹（1975-），女，吉林长春人，教授，2005年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事稀土掺杂聚合物光波导放大器的研究。E-mail： dzhao@jlu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599672&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599674&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599673&type=", "width": "18.69700241", "height": "24.99400330", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "赵丹" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1975-），女，吉林长春人，教授，2005年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事稀土掺杂聚合物光波导放大器的研究。E-mail： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "dzhao@jlu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "dzhao@jlu.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "秦", "givenname": "伟平", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "QIN", "givenname": "Wei-ping", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": "吉林大学 电子科学与工程学院 集成光电子学国家重点实验室，吉林 长春　130012", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "吉林大学 电子科学与工程学院 集成光电子学国家重点实验室，吉林 长春　130012" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "text": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics， College of Electronic Science & Engineering， Jilin University， Changchun 130012， china", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics， College of Electronic Science & Engineering， Jilin University， Changchun 130012， china" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "将掺铒纳米晶与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）单体共聚获得的复合聚合物，可用作聚合物光波导放大器的增益介质。器件的增益性能与复合聚合物中的纳米粒子浓度密切相关。本文利用高温热分解法成功制备了尺寸均匀的β-NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：18%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶。纳米晶尺寸约16 nm，表面修饰有不饱和基团，因此可以与MMA共聚合得到纳米粒子-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（NPs-PMMA）纳米复合材料。通过将纳米粒子的掺杂浓度分别调整为0.1 mmol，0.15 mmol和0.25 mmol，制备了三组不同键合比例的复合聚合物。下转换发射光谱和透过光谱的测试分析表明，随着键合的纳米晶浓度升高，复合聚合物发光强度逐渐提高，但近红外区的光透过率略微下降。使用这三组复合聚合物材料制备的倒脊型光波导放大器，在1550 nm处，器件的相对增益分别为3 dB，3.46 dB和5.61 dB，插入损耗分别为19.20 dB，25.00 dB和26.53 dB。该结果说明，虽然高掺杂浓度的稀土纳米晶造成了散射损耗的增加，却有效地提高了增益介质在C波段的发光强度和器件的相对增益。在本文实验中，增加纳米晶浓度带来的增益提高优于散射损耗的增加。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The nanocomposite， which is synthesized by copolymerizing erbium-doped nanocrystals and methyl methacrylate （MMA） monomer， can be used as the gain media to fabricate a polymer-based optical waveguide amplifier. The gain performance of this type device is closely related to the concentration of nanocrystals in the nanocomposite. In this paper， the uniform β-NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：18%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by the thermal decomposition method. The nanocrystals were about 16 nm and modified with unsaturated ligands on their surfaces. Therefore， the nanocrystals could be copolymerized with MMA to form nanoparticles-polymethyl methacrylate （NPs-PMMA） nanocomposite. Three groups of nanocomposites with different bonding ratios was prepared by adjusting the doping concentrations of nanoparticles to 0.1 mmol， 0.15 mmol， and 0.25 mmol， respectively. The down-conversion emission and transmission spectra showed that with the increase of the bonding nanocrystal concentration， the luminescence intensity of the nanocomposites increased gradually， but the light transmittance in the near infrared region decreased slightly. A series of embedded waveguide amplifiers were fabricated based on these three nanocomposites. At 1550 nm， the relative gains of these devices were 3.00 dB， 3.46 dB， and 5.61 dB， and the insertion losses were 19.20 dB， 25.00 dB， and 26.53 dB， respectively. The results showed that even the scattering loss was increased with the increase of nanocrystal concentration， the luminescence intensity of the gain media was still increased and the relative gain was improved in the series of devices in the C-band. In the experiment of this paper， increasing the concentration of the nanocrystals results in an advantage of the gain improvement over the scattering loss increase." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "掺铒纳米晶" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "复合聚合物" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "键合比例" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "光波导放大器" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "erbium-doped nanocrystals" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "composite polymer" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "bonding ratio" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "optical waveguide amplifier" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引　　言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在21世纪的光通信领域中，集成光子学材料与器件得到了蓬勃发展。平面光波导放大器是其中一个必不可少的组成元器件，具有损耗低、结构紧凑、设计简易和高性价比等特点，可以补偿光信号传输过程中的各种损耗，提高光传输效率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5" ], "text": "1-5", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。稀土掺杂光波导放大器具有稳定性高，能量转换效率高且串扰小的优势。三价铒离子的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "受激辐射跃迁对应于光通信的C波段，被光通信领域广泛应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R6", "R7", "R8", "R9" ], "text": "6-9", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。目前，掺铒光波导放大器所用的基质材料主要分为无机材料和有机材料" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。有机聚合物材料相比于无机材料，价格低廉、可塑性高、制备工艺简单，且易于与硅基材料相集成，因此受到了许多科研人员的密切关注" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R11", "R12", "R13", "R14" ], "text": "11-14", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如何提高聚合物基掺铒光波导放大器在C波段的增益成为其实际应用亟待解决的首要问题。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机材料聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）在光通信C波段的光损耗比较低，是制备聚合物基掺铒光波导放大器良好的基质材料" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。将修饰不饱和基团的掺铒纳米晶与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）单体共聚获得的纳米粒子-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（NPs-PMMA）复合材料，可用于制备聚合物基掺铒光波导放大器的增益介质。氟化物体系独特的物理性质使其在光电领域有着广阔的应用前景" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和NaLuF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是公认的两种优异的发光基质材料。在之前的研究中，对于制备Lu、Y共掺型的β-Na(LuY)F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶，在一定条件下改变Lu和Y的投料比例能够准确的满足实验者对纳米晶尺寸的各种需求" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。我们使用全自动纳米材料合成仪（ANS）制备了NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":18%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶，尺寸为16 nm左右。利用稀土纳米晶表面修饰的聚合活性基团，通过共价键将稀土纳米晶镶嵌在聚合物分子上，可以实现稀土纳米晶高浓度、均匀稳定的掺杂，制备的有机/无机复合材料具有更高的稳定性和透光率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R18", "R19", "R20" ], "text": "18-20", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。波导放大器的增益性质与介质中纳米粒子的浓度息息相关。一方面，提高纳米粒子的浓度意味着增加增益介质中的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子，增益介质在C波段的发光强度会有所增强；另一方面，随着纳米晶掺杂浓度的升高，复合聚合物近红外区的光透过率有所下降，增益介质的散射损耗增加。我们改变了稀土纳米晶和聚合物分子PMMA的键合比例，纳米晶的掺杂浓度分别为0.1 mmol，0.15 mmol和0.25 mmol。利用这三组复合聚合物材料作为芯层增益介质，我们制备了倒脊型结构的光波导放大器。在1550 nm处，当泵浦光功率为300 mW，信号光功率为1 mW时，器件的相对增益分别为3.00 dB，3.46 dB和5.61 dB，插入损耗分别为19.20 dB，25.00 dB和26.53 dB。实验结果表明，在增益介质中掺杂更高浓度的稀土纳米晶可以有效提高增益介质在C波段的发光强度，但同时也会造成散射损耗的增加。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　实　　验" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1　化学试剂与实验仪器" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "化学试剂：稀土氯化物" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RE" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Cl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·6H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O（YCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·6H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O、YbCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·6H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O、LuCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·6H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O、ErCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·6H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O，99.9%，山东鱼台精细化工厂），油酸（OA，90%，Alfa Aesar），十八烯（ODE，90%，Alfa Aesar），氢氧化钠（NaOH，北京化工试剂厂），氟化铵（NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F，北京化工试剂工厂），环己烷（Cyclohexane，分析纯，北京化工试剂厂），无水乙醇（Ethanol，分析纯，北京化工试剂厂），乙酸丁酯（Butyl acetate，分析纯，天津市福晨化学试剂厂），去离子水。以上试剂都未经进一步处理，直接使用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "甲基丙烯酸甲酯（Methyl Mathacrylate，MMA，天津市福晨化学试剂厂）：在1000 ml的分液漏斗中加入500 ml的MMA，用50 ml的0.25 mol/L的NaOH溶液洗涤一次，去除阻聚剂，再用100 ml的蒸馏水洗涤两次以上，用PH试纸测试洗涤后的MMA显示中性即可。然后加入过量的无水Na" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "SO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "干燥24 h。最后进行减压旋蒸，收集46 ℃的馏分，得到精制单体MMA。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "偶氮二异丁氰（Azodiisobutyronitrile，AIBN，上海市四赫维化工有限公司）：使用50 ml乙醇加热至60 ℃接近沸腾，将2 g AIBN迅速加入，搅拌使其溶解，立即进行热过滤，除去不溶物。滤液置于冰箱深度冷藏，AIBN即析出。用布什漏斗过滤，晶体置于真空容器中，于室温减压除去溶剂，精制好的AIBN放置在冰箱中密闭保存。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实验仪器：使用全自动纳米材料合成仪（ANS）制备稀土纳米晶。使用Model Rigaku RU-200 bx进行X射线衍射（XRD）测试（电压40 KV，电流20 mA，辐射源为Cu靶Kα射线，λ=0.15406 nm，扫描步长0.02°，镍单色器滤波），表征纳米晶的结构和晶相。使用日立H-600透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征纳米晶的粒径和形貌。使用SPEX 1000M荧光分光光度计对复合聚合物样品进行下转换光谱的测试，激发光源为980 nm的半导体二极管激光器。使用近红外、紫外分光光度计UV 3600对复合聚合物的吸收进行测试。使用原子力显微镜（AFM）对制备的复合聚合物薄膜的表面平整度进行测试。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观测SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "凹槽的样貌。所有的表征测试均在室温下进行。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在光波导放大器增益的测试中，使用980 nm激光器作为泵浦光源，使用可调谐激光器（Sentec TSL-210）作为信号光源，同时还需要用到波分复用器（WDM）、隔离器和光谱分析仪（OSA）等仪器。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2　样品与器件制备" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.1　NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：18%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的制备" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "天平称取共计2 mmol的LnCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "·6H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O (Ln" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=50%Lu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、30%Y" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、18%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")溶于12 ml的OA和30 ml的ODE,然后倒入三口瓶中。称取0.2 g NaOH (5 mmol)溶于10 ml甲醇，0.296 g NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F (8 mmol)溶于20 ml甲醇，分别注入到注射器里。启动仪器，将三口瓶和两支注射器放置到纳米材料合成仪上。仪器运行的步骤如下：首先通入氩气排除氧气五分钟，接着升温到160 ℃，搅拌1 h。等到降温到90 ℃，注射器开始滴加，然后常温搅拌1 h，60 ℃搅拌1 h。升温至108 ℃保持1 min。抽真空20 min后，再升温至305 ℃，保持40 min，这是最关键的纳米粒子的生长过程。最后降温到室温，整个反应就结束了。将反应液离心分离，并用环己烷和乙醇反复洗涤三次，最后得到了NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":18%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.2　利用共聚法制备NPs-PMMA有机/无机复合增益介质材料" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "取0.1 mmol，0.15 mmol和0.25 mmol的NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":18%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米粒子分别加入3 ml乙酸丁酯，超声分散备用。在圆底烧瓶中加入10 g PMMA，0.01 g AIBN以及2 ml乙酸丁酯，放入水浴锅，65 ℃预聚1 h。然后在聚合过程中，升温到80 ℃，同时缓慢地滴加含有纳米粒子的乙酸丁酯溶液，共聚反应40 min。最后获得有一定粘度的凝胶状液体。将三组样品置于-20 ℃的冰箱中保存。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.3　倒脊型光波导放大器的制备" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "①用丙酮多次清洗带有矩形凹槽的SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "衬底，去除一些有机杂质。然后用乙醇和去离子水清洗残留的丙酮，放置在真空干燥箱烘干表面水分，冷却后拿出。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "②将制备的有机/无机复合增益介质材料通过旋涂的方式，均匀的填充到SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "凹槽里面。转速设置为3000 rpm，时间持续20 s。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "③旋涂完成后，将半成品放置在烘箱中，温度为60 ℃，持续烘烤100 min，固化增益层。" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　结果与讨论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1　纳米晶的结构与形貌" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "稀土纳米晶的晶相和尺寸影响着发光性能。NaREF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶一般有立方相（α）和六角相（β）两种晶相，而六角相具有更优异的发光性能。对实验制备的NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":18%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶进行XRD的测试，确定样品的具体晶体结构信息。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "的XRD图谱可以看出，纳米晶的衍射峰位置和强度与β相NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和β相NaLuF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "晶体的标准卡片一一对应。因此在我们的实验条件下，制备的纳米晶都是均匀单一的六方相。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的XRD衍射图谱以及六角相NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "晶体、六角相NaLuF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "晶体的标准衍射图谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "XRD patterns of NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals and the standard diffraction patterns of β-NaYF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals and β-NaLuF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599675&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599677&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599676&type=", "width": "63.72596741", "height": "46.62881088", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "当稀土纳米晶尺寸太大时，会造成复合增益介质中散射损耗的增加，因此我们希望控制纳米晶的尺寸小于20 nm。使用透射电子显微镜对所制备的纳米晶进行测试，从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " (a)可以看出，制备的纳米晶分散性良好，形貌均匀，尺寸在16 nm左右。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " (b)为纳米晶的粒径分布直方图。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶的透射电镜图（a）和粒径分布统计图（b）。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TEM image （a） and particle size distribution statistics image （b） of NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599678&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599680&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599679&type=", "width": "68.93299866", "height": "29.82699966", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2　NPs-PMMA复合增益介质的光学性质" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "分别取0.1 mmol，0.15 mmol和0.25 mmol的NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":18%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米粒子与MMA单体聚合，我们获得了三种不同键合比例的NPs-PMMA复合聚合物材料。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是自然光下拍摄的复合聚合物照片及其在980 nm近红外激光激发下的上转换发光照片。可以看出制备的三组聚合物样品澄清透明，在980 nm激光激发下，绿色的光路清晰，无明显散射现象。同时我们对三组复合材料进行透射电镜的测试。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示,可以看出纳米晶在聚合物中分布均匀，没有明显的聚集。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "纳米粒子掺杂浓度为0.1 mmol （a），0.15 mmol （b）和0.25 mmol （c）时，自然光下的NPs-PMMA复合聚合物的照片；纳米粒子掺杂浓度为0.1 mmol （d），0.15 mmol （e）和0.25 mmol （f）时，在980 nm近红外光激发下，NPs-PMMA复合聚合物的上转换发光照片。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Photographs of NPs-PMMA composite polymer under natural light when the nanoparticles doping concentration were 0.1 mmol （a）， 0.15 mmol （b）， and 0.25 mmol （c）；Upconversion luminescence photos of NPs-PMMA composite polymer under 980 nm laser diode excitation when the nanoparticles doping concentration were 0.1 mmol （d）， 0.15 mmol （e）， and 0.25 mmol （f）." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599681&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599683&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599682&type=", "width": "118.46242523", "height": "78.19194031", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "纳米粒子的掺杂浓度为0.1 mmol （a）， 0.15 mmol （b）和0.25 mmol （c）时，NPs-PMMA复合聚合物的透射电镜图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TEM images of NPs-PMMA composite polymer when the nanoparticles doping concentration were 0.1 mmol （a）， 0.15 mmol （b）， and 0.25 mmol （c）." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599684&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599686&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599685&type=", "width": "127.22743988", "height": "32.58377838", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "我们使用SPEX 1000M光谱仪对三组复合聚合物样品进行了下转换发射光谱的测试，激发光源为980 nm的半导体二极管激光器。在Yb-Er共掺系统中，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子能够吸收近红外光子，通过交叉驰豫将能量有效传递给近邻的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，实现对Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的敏化。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是三组不同键合比例的聚合物样品的荧光光谱，其中最强的发射峰来自Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "辐射跃迁，位于1530 nm附近。随着纳米粒子掺杂浓度的升高，发光峰强度也在逐渐增大。我们使用UV 3600分光光度计对复合聚合物的吸收进行测试。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，三组样品在1530 nm处的透过率在80 %左右，透光性良好，因此适合作为光波导放大器的芯层增益介质。随纳米粒子掺杂浓度的提高，散射损耗有所增加，近红外区的光透过率略微下降。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在980 nm近红外光激发下，纳米粒子掺杂浓度为0.1 mmol，0.15 mmol和0.25 mmol时，聚合物样品的下转换发射光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Down-conversion emission spectra of polymer samples excited by 980 nm near-infrared light when the nanoparticles doping concentration were 0.1 mmol， 0.15 mmol， and 0.25 mmol." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599687&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599689&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599688&type=", "width": "69.49700165", "height": "49.93600082", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "纳米粒子掺杂浓度为0.1 mmol，0.15 mmol和0.25 mmol时，聚合物样品的透过光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The transmission spectra of the polymer samples when the nanoparticles doping concentration were 0.1 mmol， 0.15 mmol， and 0.25 mmol." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599690&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599692&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599691&type=", "width": "68.91500092", "height": "52.79299927", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "我们在实验中使用的SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "凹槽是由仕佳光子公司加工的。利用扫描电子显微镜观察波导的矩形沟槽。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，槽的侧壁垂直，底部光滑。将聚合物通过旋涂的方式填充到SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "凹槽里面，薄膜表面粗糙度对于器件的损耗也会有影响。我们将三组复合聚合物旋涂在平整的硅片上，用原子力显微镜对薄膜的表面平整度进行了测试，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。在5 μm×5 μm的扫描范围下，当纳米晶的掺杂浓度分别为0.1 mmol、0.15 mmol和0.25 mmol时，复合聚合物薄膜表面的均方根粗糙度分别为0.470 nm、0.619 nm和0.465 nm，均小于1 nm。这表明复合材料成膜非常平整，适合使用旋涂手段进行波导器件的制备。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "凹槽的扫描电镜图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SEM image of SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " groove." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599693&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599695&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599694&type=", "width": "69.29310608", "height": "39.34387970", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "纳米粒子掺杂浓度为0.1 mmol （a），0.15 mmol （b）和0.25 mmol （c）时，三组聚合物薄膜样品表面的AFM图片。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "AFM images of three groups of polymer film samples when the nanoparticles doping concentration were 0.1 mmol （a）， 0.15 mmol （b）， and 0.25 mmol （c）." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599696&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599698&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599697&type=", "width": "116.07807922", "height": "37.31075668", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3　波导放大器的增益测试结果" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "将器件两端解理后放置在三维微调架上，我们开展了波导放大器的增益测试。具体的信号增益测试系统如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。首先将信号光单独输入，获得基准的插入损耗，然后将信号光和泵浦光利用波分复用器WDM合束，再通过光纤将耦合在一起的光信号输入到光波导放大器。波导的另一端与接收端光纤耦合，输出放大后的光信号，最后由OSA进行光信号的接收与分析。测试系统中加入了两个隔离器，第一个隔离器可以防止反射回的980 nm激光对可调谐激光器造成影响。在输出段与光谱仪接入的第二个隔离器可以消除980 nm波段在光谱仪检测过程中产生的影响。通过" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（1）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（1）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "计算得到波导放大器的相对增益" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "G" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（1）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599700&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599699&type=", "width": "22.18266678", "height": "8.38199997", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " " } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599702&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599701&type=", "width": "7.95866632", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599704&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599703&type=", "width": "7.95866632", "height": "4.06400013", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别是未输入泵浦光和输入泵浦光时，信号光通过光波导放大器的输出光功率。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "信号增益测试系统示意图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic diagram of signal gain test system." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599705&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599707&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599706&type=", "width": "99.07569885", "height": "35.42548752", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，器件在980 nm激光激发下呈现明显的上转换发光现象。接下来，我们对三组纳米粒子掺杂浓度分别为0.1 mmol，0.15 mmol和0.25 mmol的器件进行了光信号增益的测试，器件的长度均在1.3 cm左右。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表1", "type": "table", "rid": "T1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，在1550 nm处，当泵浦光功率为300 mW，信号光功率为1 mW时，器件的相对增益分别为3.00 dB，3.46 dB和5.61 dB，插入损耗分别为19.20 dB，25.00 dB和26.53 dB。将相对增益随纳米晶掺杂浓度变化的测试结果绘制成" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的折线图。随着纳米晶掺杂浓度的升高，光波导放大器的相对增益也逐渐增大。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F10", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "980 nm激光激发下光波导放大器件的上转换发光现象。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Upconversion luminescence in the optical waveguide amplifier excited by 980 nm laser excitation." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599708&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599710&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599709&type=", "width": "62.31800079", "height": "43.00400162", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在1550 nm处，三组器件的相对增益和插损。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab. 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The relative gains and insertion losses of the three groups of devices at 1550 nm." } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "styleText", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Nps浓度（mmol）" } ], "style": "color:#E33E22;" } } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "styleText", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "泵浦光功率（mW）" } ], "style": "color:#E33E22;" } } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "styleText", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "信号光功率（mW）" } ], "style": "color:#E33E22;" } } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "styleText", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "插损（dB）" } ], "style": "color:#E33E22;" } } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { 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"lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Relationship between the relative gain and the nanoparticles doping concentration." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599713&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599715&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37599714&type=", "width": "72.65499878", "height": "53.04000092", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　结 论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "我们采用高温热分解法成功制备出NaLu" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Y" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30%" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":18%Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",2%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶。在纳米晶的表面修饰不饱和基团(烯型双键)，将其与MMA单体共聚，通过共价键将纳米晶镶嵌在聚合物基质中，实现了纳米粒子均匀、稳定、高浓度无聚集的掺杂。通过调节纳米粒子的掺杂浓度分别为0.1 mmol，0.15 mmol和0.25 mmol，改变了纳米粒子与聚合物的键合比例。利用这三组有机/无机纳米复合聚合物材料为增益介质，制备了倒脊型光波导放大器，三组器件的长度均在1.3 cm左右。在1550 nm处，当泵浦光功率为300 mW，信号光功率为1 mW时，我们测得三组器件的相对增益分别为3.00 dB，3.46 dB和5.61 dB。这一结果表明，随着纳米晶掺杂浓度的升高，光波导放大器的相对增益也逐渐增大。在增益介质中掺杂更高浓度的稀土纳米晶可提高增益介质的发光性能。但是，稀土纳米晶掺杂浓度增大的同时也会引起增益介质中散射损耗的增加。探索纳米晶掺杂浓度对器件增益的影响规律是一个需要深入研究的科学问题。接下来的实验中，我们将继续提高纳米晶在聚合物基质中的掺杂浓度，并通过软件模拟仿真纳米晶在PMMA中的散射损耗情况，更加详实地研究掺铒纳米晶与聚合物键合比例对光波导放大器增益性质的影响。" } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "1", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": 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