Research Progress on Improving Bending Reliability of Flexible OLED Based on Neutral Layer Technology

WU Ma-jiaqi; ZHANG Chi; WANG Wei-gao; YANG Lian-qiao; ZHANG Jian-hua; WEI Bin

doi:10.37188/CJL.20220351

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Research Progress on Improving Bending Reliability of Flexible OLED Based on Neutral Layer Technology

Updated：2022-12-05

- Research Progress on Improving Bending Reliability of Flexible OLED Based on Neutral Layer Technology Enhanced Publication
- Chinese Journal of Luminescence Vol.null, Issue null, (2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications， Ministry of Education， Shanghai University,Shanghai,China,200072;School of Microelectronics， Shanghai University,Shanghai,China,200444;School of Materials Science and Engineering， Shanghai University,Shanghai,China,200444
- Author bio：
- Funds：
  
  National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB2008500);The Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19142203600)
- DOI：10.37188/CJL.20220351 CLC： TN383⁺.1
- Published Online：05 December 2022，
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吴马佳奇,张驰,王伟高等.基于中性层技术提升柔性OLED弯曲可靠性研究进展[J].发光学报,

WU Ma-jiaqi,ZHANG Chi,WANG Wei-gao,et al.Research Progress on Improving Bending Reliability of Flexible OLED Based on Neutral Layer Technology[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,
吴马佳奇,张驰,王伟高等.基于中性层技术提升柔性OLED弯曲可靠性研究进展[J].发光学报, DOI：10.37188/CJL.20220351

WU Ma-jiaqi,ZHANG Chi,WANG Wei-gao,et al.Research Progress on Improving Bending Reliability of Flexible OLED Based on Neutral Layer Technology[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence, DOI：10.37188/CJL.20220351

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], "role": [], "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "上海大学新型显示技术及应用集成教育部重点实验室，上海　200072", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "上海大学新型显示技术及应用集成教育部重点实验室，上海　200072" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications， Ministry of Education， Shanghai University， Shanghai 200072， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications， Ministry of Education， Shanghai University， Shanghai 200072， China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "上海大学微电子学院，上海　200444", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "上海大学微电子学院，上海　200444" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "School of Microelectronics， Shanghai University， Shanghai 200444， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Microelectronics， Shanghai University， Shanghai 200444， China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff3", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "3", "text": "上海大学材料科学与工程学院，上海　200444", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "上海大学材料科学与工程学院，上海　200444" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "3", "text": "School of Materials Science and Engineering， Shanghai University， Shanghai 200444， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Materials Science and Engineering， Shanghai University， Shanghai 200444， China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机发光二极管（OLED）由于具有结构简单、发光效率高、制造工艺简单和厚度超薄的特点，结合柔性基底可以制备具有弯曲和折叠功能的柔性OLED器件，在柔性显示、柔性照明等领域发挥了重要的作用。在承受以弯曲为主的外加载荷时，柔性OLED器件中的无机薄膜很容易出现裂纹、脱层和屈曲等形式的失效，这些失效会使器件的导电性下降并破坏器件原有的结构，从而影响器件的效率与可靠性。中性层的使用能够有效减小器件关键部位的应变，从而减轻或消除失效，器件在弯曲状态下的可靠性也得以提高。近年来，一系列基于柔性OLED器件中性层的研究被陆续报道。本文综述了中性层技术在柔性OLED器件上的应用。首先，讨论了中性层的概念以及单个中性层位置的确定方法；其次，介绍了单个中性层和多个中性层在实际器件中的应用；最后，对柔性OLED器件未来发展的方向做出了展望。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Due to the simple structure， high light-emitting efficiency， simple manufacturing process and ultra-thin thickness characteristics for organic light-emitting diode （OLED）， flexible OLED devices with bending and folding capabilities can be fabricated by combining flexible substrates. These devices play an important role in flexible display， flexible lighting and other fields. When subjected to external load mainly bending， the inorganic thin films in the flexible OLED devices are prone to failure in the form of cracks， delamination and buckling. These failures reduce the conductivity and destroy the original structure of the devices， thereby affecting their efficiency and reliability. The use of the neutral layer can effectively reduce the strain in the key parts of the devices， thereby reducing or eliminating failure， and the reliability of the devices in the bending state can also be improved. In recent years， a series of studies based on neutral layers of flexible OLED devices have been reported successively. This paper reviews the application of neutral layer technology in flexible OLED devices. Firstly， the concept of neutral layer and the method of determining the single neutral layer’s position are discussed. Then， the application of single neutral layer and multiple neutral layers in practical devices is introduced. Finally， we give an outlook on the future development direction of flexible OLED devices." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "柔性OLED器件" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "中性层" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "弯曲半径" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "黏附层" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "flexible OLED device" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "neutral layer" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "bending radius" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "adhesion layer" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引　　言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "随着时代的发展和科技的进步，智能手机、平板电脑等便携式的电子设备在日常生产和生活中被广泛应用，给人们的工作和生活带来了很大的便利。这些电子显示设备逐渐向轻盈化，形状可变的趋势发展。当设备的显示屏可弯曲" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、可折叠" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R2", "R3" ], "text": "2-3", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、可卷曲" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R4", "R5", "R6" ], "text": "4-6", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "甚至可以变成任何形状时" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，设备将拥有更大的屏幕以及更好的携带性和适应性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，基于此推动了柔性电子设备研究和生产的热潮。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同于传统的拥有较硬且平整显示平面的电子设备，近年来市场上出现了许多拥有曲面屏的电子器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R9", "R10", "R11" ], "text": "9-11", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，如曲面屏手机和曲面屏电脑等，虽然这些产品看上去是弯曲的，但仍旧是刚性的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。各种具有一定弯曲功能的电子器件逐渐开始实现器件的柔性，如电子皮肤" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R13", "R14", "R15" ], "text": "13-15", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。同时，具有更高灵活性的电子产品也得到了迅速的发展，如可实现折叠功能的折叠屏手机，可以像纸一样卷起来的电子报纸" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等。目前，柔性电子器件正朝着灵活性更高，应用领域更广阔的方向发展。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机发光二极管（OLED）是一种双注入的发光器件，在外部电压的刺激下由阳极注入的空穴和由阴极注入的电子在发射层中相互结合成对，形成激子，激子复合以辐射衰减发射光子，从而产生可见光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。相较于传统的液晶显示器（LCD）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R18", "R19" ], "text": "18-19", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其具有很多独特的优势，并且已经完全能够实现商业化的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R20", "R21", "R22" ], "text": "20-22", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在OLED器件的基础上还发展出被动矩阵有机发光二极管（PMOLED）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和主动矩阵有机发光二极管（AMOLED），其中AMOLED" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R24", "R25", "R26" ], "text": "24-26", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以实现发光区域的自主控制，具有更好的灵活性和选择性，将OLED器件的应用提高到一个崭新的高度。OLED可以做成超薄的多层结构，完全可以利用和塑料基板结合制备具有机械柔韧性的柔性OLED器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，但是阻碍其可靠性和耐用性的技术问题仍旧存在。柔性OLED器件一般由多个具有特定功能的膜层堆叠形成，在承受拉伸、弯曲和压缩等外加载荷时，器件中的无机薄膜层很容易出现裂纹" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R28", "R29", "R30", "R31" ], "text": "28-31", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、脱层" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R32", "R33" ], "text": "32-33", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和屈曲" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R34", "R35" ], "text": "34-35", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等失效。其中主要由压应力引起的屈曲包括起褶、折痕和翘曲，会导致器件发生不稳定的变形" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。外加载荷所引起的失效会严重影响柔性OLED器件的导电性和结构的完整性，对大规模使用柔性OLED器件是很不利的。因此，能有效防止器件在受到外加载荷下出现结构失效的设计对保证柔性OLED器件能安全可靠地工作至关重要。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "柔性OLED器件在工作时主要受到弯曲的作用，如何保证器件的结构可靠性，从而减小其在受到外加弯曲载荷下的失效是业界重点关注的问题。中性层是指在器件受到弯曲载荷时应变为零的位置，如果将重要的层级结构置于该位置，就能大大减小重要层级结构的变形，从而有效保护器件。鉴于此，本文着重介绍了OLED器件中单个中性层或多个中性层技术的作用及应用，并做出了展望。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　中性层位置的理论计算和确定" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "当柔性OLED器件在弯曲的时候，器件上一定会出现一个或多个弯曲前后长度不变的层，称为应变中性层" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，中性层与横截面的交线为中性轴（N.A.、N.A或者NA）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，中性轴一定在中性层上，无数中性轴结合形成中性层。在中性层上，器件在弯曲时处于应变为零的状态。本章将介绍多层薄膜复合结构中单个中性层位置的计算方法。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Suo" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人曾给出了双层堆叠薄膜的应变分布表达式，Lee" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人在此基础上给出了三层堆叠薄膜的应变分布表达式。他们建立了三层堆叠薄膜的模型（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），并以底层为基准建立直角坐标系。三层结构的厚度由下到上依次为" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

d_{s}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482311&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482310&type=", "width": "2.87866688", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

d_{b}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482313&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482312&type=", "width": "3.04800010", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

d_{f}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482315&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482314&type=", "width": "2.62466669", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，下标" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

s

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482317&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482316&type=", "width": "1.43933344", "height": "2.70933342", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

b

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482319&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482318&type=", "width": "1.86266661", "height": "2.70933342", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

f

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482321&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482320&type=", "width": "1.26999998", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别表示基底、缓冲层和薄膜，并规定离弯曲中心最远薄膜的顶层应变为" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε_{t o p}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482327&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482326&type=", "width": "4.57200003", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，离弯曲中心最近薄膜的底层应变为" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε_{b o t}

ε_{t o p}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482327&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482326&type=", "width": "4.57200003", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε_{b o t}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482329&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482328&type=", "width": "4.57200003", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "仅用作假设和示意，并不表示实际大小和方向。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）三层堆叠薄膜和假设的整个厚度下的弯曲应变分布；（b）内凹型弯曲下三层堆叠薄膜的受力状态；（c）外凸型弯曲下三层堆叠薄膜的受力状态" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Three stacked films and assumed bending strain distribution in the entire thickness.（b）Stress state of three stacked films with concave-type bend.（c）Stress state of three stacked films with convex-type bend" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482330&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482332&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482331&type=", "width": "74.98300171", "height": "69.70899963", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "一般多层薄膜复合结构在平面方向上的尺寸远大于厚度方向上的尺寸，故可以利用柱面弯曲条件，类似于在该结构厚度方向上施加平面应力条件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。为了更好地建立相应的数学模型，需要采用一定的假设。首先，假设各层材料无缺陷且界面间黏合性能良好，各层材料属于各向同性材料。其次，假设薄膜结构处于纯弯曲的状态，这样弯曲应变沿厚度方向呈现线性分布。由于各层均具有各向同性特征，根据广义胡克定律得到平面内应变表达式如下：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（1）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε_{x} = \frac{1}{E} \"[\"σ_{x} - v (σ_{y} + σ_{z})\"]\"

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482334&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482333&type=", "width": "38.69266510", "height": "7.28133297", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（2）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε_{y} = \frac{1}{E} \"[\"σ_{y} - v (σ_{x} + σ_{z})\"]\"

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482336&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482335&type=", "width": "38.69266510", "height": "7.28133297", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

E

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482338&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482337&type=", "width": "2.28600001", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

v

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482340&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482339&type=", "width": "1.52400005", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别表示材料的弹性模量和泊松比，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482342&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482341&type=", "width": "1.94733346", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

σ

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482344&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482343&type=", "width": "2.45533323", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别表示应变和应力，下标" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

x

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482346&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482345&type=", "width": "1.77800000", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

y

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482348&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482347&type=", "width": "1.77800000", "height": "3.47133350", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别表示沿" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

X

Y

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482358&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482357&type=", "width": "2.53999996", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "轴方向。考虑到是平面应力条件，故" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

σ_{z}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482354&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482353&type=", "width": "3.30200005", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为0，对于如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的三层堆叠薄膜，相对于沿" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

X

Y

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482358&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482357&type=", "width": "2.53999996", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "轴方向的薄膜段宽度可以认为无限延伸，不产生应变，故" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε_{y}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482360&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482359&type=", "width": "3.04800010", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "也为0。我们主要考虑" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

X

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482410&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482409&type=", "width": "2.53999996", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "轴方向上的应力和应变，结合" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（1）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（1）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（2）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（2）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可得：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（3）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

σ_{x} = \frac{E}{1 - v^{2}} ε_{x}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482364&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482363&type=", "width": "21.33600044", "height": "7.61999989", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于前面采取了薄膜复合结构弯曲应变沿厚度方向呈现线性分布的假设，故该结构任意厚度处的应变可以表示为：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（4）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε_{x} = ε_{b o t} + \frac{z}{R}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482366&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482365&type=", "width": "19.55800056", "height": "7.28133297", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

z

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482374&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482373&type=", "width": "1.43933344", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为沿" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

Z

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482370&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482369&type=", "width": "2.11666679", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "轴正向的高度，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

R

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482408&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482407&type=", "width": "2.37066650", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为底部弯曲曲率半径。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "当上述" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（4）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（4）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中的" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

z

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482374&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482373&type=", "width": "1.43933344", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "变为整体厚度" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

h

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482402&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482401&type=", "width": "1.86266661", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时，那么此时该位置处的应变就是顶层应变，可以得到如下公式：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（5）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε_{t o p} = ε_{b o t} + \frac{h}{R}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482378&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482377&type=", "width": "21.08200073", "height": "7.28133297", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "这样任意厚度处的应变便可以用顶层应变与底层应变来表示：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（6）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε_{x} = ε_{b o t} + \frac{z}{h} (ε_{t o p} - ε_{b o t})

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482380&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482379&type=", "width": "36.49133301", "height": "7.28133297", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF6" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "三层结构平衡的条件是假设其宽度为" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

b

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482406&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482405&type=", "width": "1.69333339", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时，沿" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

X

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482410&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482409&type=", "width": "2.53999996", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "轴方向的合力为零" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "42", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，公式如下：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（7）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

\begin{array}{c} \int_{0}^{d_{s}} \frac{b E_{s} \"[\"ε_{b o t} + \frac{z}{h} (ε_{t o p} - ε_{b o t})\"]\"}{1 - v_{s}^{2}} d z \\ + \int_{d_{s}}^{d_{s} + d_{b}} \frac{b E_{b} \"[\"ε_{b o t} + \frac{z}{h} (ε_{t o p} - ε_{b o t})\"]\"}{1 - v_{b}^{2}} d z \\ + \int_{d_{s} + d_{b}}^{d_{s} + d_{b} + d_{f}} \frac{b E_{f} \"[\"ε_{b o t} + \frac{z}{h} (ε_{t o p} - ε_{b o t})\"]\"}{1 - v_{f}^{2}} d z \\ = 0 \end{array}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482386&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482385&type=", "width": "53.42466354", "height": "49.69933319", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF7" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "将上述" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（7）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（7）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "化简，便可以得到底层应变的表达式：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（8）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

\begin{array}{c} ε_{b o t} = - \frac{{d_{s}}^{2} \bar{E_{s}} + {d_{b}}^{2} \bar{E_{b}} + {d_{f}}^{2} \bar{E_{f}}}{2 R (d_{s} \bar{E_{s}} + d_{b} \bar{E_{b}} + d_{f} \bar{E_{f}})} \\ - \frac{d_{s} d_{b} \bar{E_{b}} + d_{b} d_{f} \bar{E_{f}} + d_{s} d_{f} \bar{E_{f}}}{R (d_{s} \bar{E_{s}} + d_{b} \bar{E_{b}} + d_{f} \bar{E_{f}})} \end{array}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482388&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482387&type=", "width": "47.75199890", "height": "22.01333237", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF8" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

\bar{E_{s}} = E_{s} / (1 - {v_{s}}^{2})

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482390&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482389&type=", "width": "25.99266624", "height": "4.40266657", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

\bar{E_{b}} = E_{b} / (1 - {v_{b}}^{2})

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482392&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482391&type=", "width": "26.67000008", "height": "4.40266657", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

\bar{E_{f}} = E_{f} / (1 - {v_{f}}^{2})

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482394&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482393&type=", "width": "25.39999962", "height": "4.31799984", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在实际生活中使用的柔性OLED器件中远不止三层薄膜，上述" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（8）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（8）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "存在一定的局限性。现在考虑更一般的情况，即考虑三层以上薄膜复合结构弯曲时的应变分布，多层结构也满足前文提到的各种假设。对于一共有" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

n

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482396&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482395&type=", "width": "1.86266661", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "层薄膜的复合结构，假设每层的厚度为" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

d_{i}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482398&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482397&type=", "width": "2.62466669", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

i = 0,1, 2, . . ., n

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482400&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482399&type=", "width": "22.18266678", "height": "3.21733332", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "），总厚度为" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

h

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482402&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482401&type=", "width": "1.86266661", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，底层到第" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "层顶部的高度为" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

z_{i}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482404&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482403&type=", "width": "2.11666679", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，宽度为" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

b

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482406&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482405&type=", "width": "1.69333339", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，弯曲时底部弯曲曲率半径为" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

R

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482408&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482407&type=", "width": "2.37066650", "height": "2.62466669", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。参考" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（7）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（7）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，多层薄膜中沿" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

X

\sum_{i = 1}^{n} \int_{z_{i - 1}}^{z_{i}} \frac{b E_{i} \"[\"ε_{b o t} + \frac{z}{h} (ε_{t o p} - ε_{b o t})\"]\"}{1 - v_{i}^{2}} d z = 0

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482412&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482411&type=", "width": "55.71067047", "height": "14.05466747", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF9" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "同样，化简" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（9）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（9）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "也可以得到底层应变的表达式：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（10）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

ε_{b o t} = - \frac{1}{2 R} \"[\"\frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} \frac{E_{i}}{1 - {v_{i}}^{2}} (z_{i}^{2} - z_{i - 1}^{2})}{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} \frac{E_{i}}{1 - {v_{i}}^{2}} (z_{i} - z_{i - 1})}\"]\"

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482414&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482413&type=", "width": "57.91199875", "height": "18.88066673", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF10" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于弯曲应变呈线性分布，所以根据" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（10）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（10）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "就可以计算出中性层的位置，多层薄膜复合结构任意位置处的应变也可以求得。进一步地，各层的弹性模量的分布对底层的应变影响很大，当某一层的弹性模量或者厚度增大时，底层的应变会发生变化，各位置处的应变也会重新分布。要使结构满足平衡条件，则中性层一定会向弹性模量增大或厚度增大的地方移动，即高弹性模量和大厚度对中性层的吸引性。当然，如果同时改变多个层的弹性模量和厚度，结果就并不那么显而易见了，而是要根据它们之间的关系进行合理的计算并得到最后的结论。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　中性层技术在柔性OLED器件上的应用" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据上一章的讨论，中性层的使用可以有效减小器件某些位置处的应变，这对于可以弯曲的柔性OLED器件中一些在受到外加载荷后容易出现裂纹、脱层等失效形式的脆弱层级结构，如人们最为关心的具有高透明度的脆性氧化铟锡（ITO）导电薄膜" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R43", "R44" ], "text": "43-44", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "十分重要。事实上，重要工作层的失效会严重影响器件的正常工作，使器件的电学性能下降，中性层的引入有望解决这些结构面临的问题。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在引入中性层后，通过对中性层的设计和优化可以改变中性层的位置或数量，得到适合器件的最优中性层配置方案，最后应用到实际器件中去，这种技术已在柔性OLED器件研究中得到广泛应用。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1　单个中性层在柔性OLED器件上的应用" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "学者们对单个中性层的研究十分感兴趣，并开展了大量的研究。本节将简要介绍一些调节单个中性层位置的方法，包括调节整体柔性OLED器件各层材料的厚度和弹性模量等参数以及缓冲层的引入，并在实际器件的应用过程中体现出了对单个中性层进行设计和优化的有效性和必要性。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.1　调节器件各层材料参数实现单个中性层位置控制" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3a1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Lee" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的研究团队通过调节由15层薄膜复合结构组成的柔性OLED器件的顶层和底层薄膜厚度以及弹性模量的比值，改变了器件的中性层位置。同时，他们通过改变顶层的材料（聚酰亚胺（PI）和钢材），发现采用弹性模量较小的PI能够使中性层的位置更加靠近ITO层，从而使器件中容易开裂的ITO薄膜的临界弯曲半径（结构开始刚出现失效的弯曲半径）变得更小，有助于提高薄膜的柔韧性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Niu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人通过调整AMOLED器件封装层中各平面化有机涂层（OCP）的厚度，使得结构B中最上层SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "更靠近OLED层，同时保持中性层位置不变（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a））。在相同弯曲半径下，这一调整使得结构B中最上层SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的弯曲应变均比结构A中减小约40%（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）），同时还保证了OLED层中的弯曲应变几乎不发生变化，从而有效减小了器件的临界弯曲半径。由此可见，当中性层位置不发生移动时，也可以减小某些关键膜层的应变。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）柔性AMOLED结构示意图：原始结构（A），改进结构（B）；（b）两种结构中最上层SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "中的弯曲应变随弯曲半径的变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Structure diagram of flexible AMOLED: original structure（A）, improved structure（B）.（b）Bending strain in the topmost SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " varies with bending radius in both structures" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482415&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482417&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482416&type=", "width": "64.99900055", "height": "80.59200287", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Lee" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人通过改变柔性OLED器件的盖板厚度和弹性模量减小了ITO薄膜中的应力，并分析了不同弯曲状态下ITO薄膜内部的应力分布。他们在类似研究工作中都采用了相同的器件有限元模型（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），然后保持黏附层的厚度不变，改变盖板的厚度，从1μm到40μm，中性层逐渐远离ITO薄膜的上表面，并在10μm处从黏附层移动至盖板层（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。当处于内凹型弯曲（ITO薄膜层受压）状态时，ITO薄膜中的最大压应力随盖板厚度增加而增加，并在-1.2GPa的临界压应力下开始失效，为了使结构不发生失效，盖板的厚度应该要小于20μm（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c））。同样，改变盖板的弹性模量也能改变中性层的位置，弹性模量越大，中性层也就越远离ITO薄膜。最后，他们发现更小的盖板厚度能够实现更小ITO薄膜的临界弯曲半径，30μm厚度以下的盖板能够使临界弯曲半径小于5mm。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）多层堆叠薄膜的有限元模型" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；（b）中性轴到ITO顶层表面的距离随盖板厚度的变化，黏附层厚度为30μm；（c）ITO中最大应力随盖板厚度的变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Finite element model of multi-stacked films" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）The distance of N.A to ITO top surface varies with the thickness of cover plate, the thickness of the adhesion layer is 30μm.（c）The Max. ITO stress varies with the thickness of cover plate" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482418&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482420&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482419&type=", "width": "159.59700012", "height": "45.96699905", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1.2　缓冲层的引入实现对单个中性层位置的控制" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3a2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "缓冲层是OLED器件中一层比较重要的材料。据报道，缓冲层能够提高OLED器件的发光亮度" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和发光效率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "49", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R49", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "49" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R48", "R49" ], "text": "48-49", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，从而提升器件的性能。苏" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "50", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R50", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人通过引入不同材料的缓冲层，实现了器件发光亮度和发光效率的提高。一般来讲，缓冲层主要是用来提高器件的工作效率的，除此之外，缓冲层的引入还可以改变中性层在器件中的分布，从而提高器件抵抗弯曲和折叠（以下简称弯折）的能力。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Chiang" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人发现柔性OLED器件中缓冲层的弹性模量和厚度会综合影响ITO薄膜中的应力（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a））。Lee" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的研究团队也发现了类似的现象，引入缓冲层后，中性层位置从基底上移动到了ITO层中，ITO层上的应力也明显减小（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。对于由厚度分别为200μm、80nm和100μm的聚丁二酸乙二醇酯（PES）、ITO和缓冲层组成的结构，在缓冲层弹性模量逐渐增大的过程中，中性层逐渐向上移动（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c））。为了使中性层正好位于ITO薄膜的中部，文中还探究了缓冲层的最佳厚度，并对采用不同的缓冲层材料：聚碳酸酯（PC）、PI、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）、聚苯乙烯（PS），设计了最佳的厚度。在没有引入缓冲层之前，金（Au）层屈服强度最小，此时结构已经在弯曲下发生失效。而在引入不同的最佳厚度的缓冲层后，Au层、ITO层和氧化锌（ZnO）层的临界弯曲半径都在1.1mm左右（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（d））。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）在缓冲层弹性模量不同的情况下，OLED器件中ITO薄膜应力随缓冲层厚度的变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；（b）无缓冲层（顶部）和有缓冲层（底部）时中性轴位置和ITO薄膜中应力分布；（c）仅考虑缓冲层弹性模量（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "b" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）时中性轴的位置分布；（d）多层OLED器件的临界弯曲半径，由各种缓冲材料（PC、PI、PMMA、PS）组成" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The stress of ITO film varies with the thickness of buffer layer in OLED device in the case of different elastic modulus of buffer layer" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ".（b）NA position and stress distribution in ITO film without buffer layer（top）, and with buffer layer（bottom）.（c）The position distribution of the NA when only the elastic modulus of the buffer layer（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "b" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）is considered.（d）Critical bending radius of multilayer OLED device composed of various buffer materials（PC, PI, PMMA, PS）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482421&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482423&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482422&type=", "width": "119.99700165", "height": "88.19400024", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Han" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人通过引入杂化的缓冲层以及多层的水氧阻隔层保证了柔性OLED器件多次弯折后的结构可靠性。在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）基底上沉积水氧阻隔层和杂化缓冲层，水氧阻隔层由4层氧化铝（Al" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）和3层S-H纳米复合材料叠加形成。随着杂化缓冲层厚度的增加，无论是Al" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "层还是S-H纳米复合层中的弯曲应力都会发生变化，并在111μm处达到最小的应力0（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）和（b）），是由中性轴位置移动引起的。在两个水氧阻隔层中加入OLED层形成了一个简单的柔性OLED器件，无论是结构中的发光层（Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）还是两个Al" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "层中的应力都会随着杂化缓冲层厚度的变化而呈现出和" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）和（b）一样的变化趋势，只是在109μm处达到最小的应力0（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c）和（d））。通过后续的电学测试，发现该OLED器件的电学特性在弯曲前后基本不发生变化，可见缓冲层的合理引入提高了器件的抗弯折性能。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在不同结构层中弯曲应力随杂化缓冲层厚度的变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。（a）S-H纳米复合材料层（S1-S3）；（b）Al" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "层（A1-A4）；（c）Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "层；（d）与PET上表面和杂化缓冲层下表面接触的Al" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "层。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The variation of bending stress with the thickness of hybrid buffer layer in different structural layers" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ".（a）The S-H nanocomposite layer（S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）.（b）The Al" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " layer（A1-A4）.（c）The Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " layer.（d）The Al" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " layer in contact with the upper surface of PET and the lower surface of hybrid buffer layer." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482424&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482426&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482425&type=", "width": "113.48662567", "height": "89.79862976", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "除此之外，Park" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "55", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R55", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "55" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人在ITO薄膜和基底之间生长了一层铝的缓冲层，通过分析引入和未引入缓冲层结构中的ITO薄膜在不同弯曲半径下的光学显微镜图像，得知缓冲层的引入能有效减小ITO薄膜上的应变，从而减小出现裂纹和脱层等失效的可能。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "通过本小节的简要阐述可知，通过控制缓冲层的弹性模量和厚度等参数完全可以实现柔性OLED器件中的中性层位置的调整，这种方法已被证实可以减小柔性OLED器件关键层结构的弯曲应力。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2　多个中性层在柔性OLED器件上的应用" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "上一节提到可以通过改变柔性OLED器件各层材料的参数或者引入缓冲层结构来实现单个中性层位置的偏移，当然也可以直接将器件关键层结构置于中性层附近，这样可以很有效地减小这些部位的应变，从而使柔性器件在受到外加机械载荷时仍能稳定地工作。实际情况下器件中的中性层有时候可能并不只有一个，而是可能会存在多个" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在考虑多中性层问题时，可以将一个器件人为分成多个单中性层器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，每个器件都有一个独立的中性层结构，然后把它们叠加在一起形成具有多个中性层的实际器件。引入多中性层可以有效提高柔性器件抵抗外界载荷的能力。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "与单个中性层相比，多中性层有其独特的优势。例如，当器件中有多个重要的结构层时，采用单个中性层只能有效保护中性层附近的结构层，而多个中性层则能对多个结构层进行保护。同时，中性层的引入能使器件各部分的应力得到一定的释放，从而减小整个器件受到的最大应力" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "58", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R58", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "58" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。但为了实现多个中性层分布，需要在一定的程度上改变器件的结构，一般是通过引入多个低弹性模量的黏附层" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "59", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R59", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "59" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R59", "R60" ], "text": "59-60", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "实现的，但是这个低弹性模量的黏附层的引入有可能会减小器件整体的强度和效率，也会带来一些不利的影响。本节回顾了在柔性器件应用中产生多个中性层的方法，实现了对多个中性层位置的预测和控制，并针对低弹性模量黏附层的引入所带来的不利影响提出解决的方法。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2.1　黏附层的引入实现多个中性层位置的控制" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3b1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "多层结构的器件中单个中性层的位置可以通过理论的方法求解，但对于具有多个中性层的器件，弯曲应变随厚度线性变化的假设并不成立，且有些地方会由于挤压和剪切发生剧烈变形，导致数学计算十分困难。为此，Nishimura" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的研究团队通过对比实验的方法获得了AMOLED器件中具有多个中性层的证据并确定了这些中性层的位置。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "他们以PI为基底，ITO薄膜为导电层，氮化硅（SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为封装层的简单结构为例对多个中性层的问题进行了探讨。以模式（A）作为对照，得到了SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜由于拉伸失效的弯曲半径为0.8mm（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a））。当采用" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）中模式（B）的结构，发现SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜断裂的弯曲半径介于中性层不分离时的10.4mm和中性层完美分离时的0.8mm之间，说明较低弹性模量黏附层的引入导致了中性层的分离，最小弹性模量的黏附层C更接近于中性层完美分离的情况（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。当采用" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）中模式（C），并用黏附层C进行黏合时，上表面SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜失效的归一化中性层位置为0.9，而中性层完美分离时为0.91，二者极其接近（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c））。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）测试模块的不同模式：（A）测试样品，（B）测试样品通过黏附层黏合在模拟功能膜PI上，（C）测试样品通过黏附层黏合在另一个测试样品上；（b）在模式（B）下，SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜断裂时的弯曲半径；（c）在模式（C）下，上下两个测试样品中归一化中性层位置" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。（d）测试样品通过硬黏附层（上）和软黏附层（下）黏合在另一个测试样品上；（e），（f）分别表示通过硬黏附层和软黏附层黏合的结构中归一化电阻随弯曲半径变化和处于临界弯曲半径时各处的平面应变分布，黄色实线表示ITO" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Different modes of testing modules:（A）test sample,（B）test sample is bonded to the simulated functional PI film through the adhesion layer, and（C）test sample is bonded to another test sample through the adhesion layer.（b）In mode（B）, bending radius of SiN" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " film at fracture.（c）In mode （C）, the normalized neutral layer position in upper and lower test samples" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ".（d）test sample is bonded to another test sample through the hard（top）and soft（bottom）adhesion layer.（e）and（f） respectively represent the plane strain distribution at the critical bending radius and the normalized resistance variation with bending radius in the structure bonded by hard and soft adhesive layers, the solid yellow line indicates ITO" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482427&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482429&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482428&type=", "width": "135.41201782", "height": "144.62811279", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于同样通过黏附层黏合的多层结构，Kim" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人通过观察与ITO连通的电灯泡的明暗来研究失效。采用弹性模量较小（软）黏附层黏附的结构由于出现了多个中性层，使得ITO中的应变大量减少，导电性几乎保持不变（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（f））。而采用弹性模量较大（硬）黏附层黏附的结构中只有单个中性层，ITO遭到了较为严重的破坏（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（e））。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Kim" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "63", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R63", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "63" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人对可卷曲的AMOLED器件的部分结构进行卷曲实验，通过光学透明压敏胶（PSA）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "64", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R64", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "64" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "将两层PI黏合在一起，他们发现PSA的剪切应变的大小会影响PI中的应变分布，从剪切应变最小的位置处开始，整体结构从中性层不分离的单中性层状态逐渐向中性层分离的多中性层状态转变，PI中的应变也逐渐减小。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了更好地确定多个中性层的位置，除了采用数学计算与实验相结合的方法，还可以采用有限元仿真的方法求解多层结构器件中的中性层位置" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "65", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R65", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "65" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。相比于数学计算，有限元仿真有很多优势，比如可以直观且动态地得知采用不同结构时多层器件中各层应力和应变分布的情况" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "66", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R66", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "66" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，且仿真结果可以批量自动导出" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。仿真中通过设置需要输出的变量，一次仿真就可以得到很多结果，如弹性应变、塑性应变、冯·米塞斯应力" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "68", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R68", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "68" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、剪切应力等，可以说是一种十分强大的技术工具。作为考察的重点，仿真结果和理论计算结果的一致性和匹配度是我们必须要考虑的。大量事实证明，仿真结果准确率极高，几乎和理论计算的数据一致" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "69", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R69", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "69" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "70", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R70", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R69", "R70" ], "text": "69-70", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。理论计算一般采用很多理想的假设，也对一些微小的变化量适当忽略以此来降低计算的难度，但很多情况下不可以求解。理论计算和有限元仿真之间的对比为我们提供了一个有用且可靠的做法，即采用有限元仿真替代理论计算" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "70", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R70", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Jia" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人采用有限元仿真的方法，通过商业仿真软件ABAQUS对AMOLED器件中多个黏附层的厚度进行调整，实现了多个中性层位置的偏移，让器件更好地适应工作条件，并以此为指导实现了较好的器件应用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "除了通过改变黏附层的弹性模量实现对柔性OLED器件中性层位置的调整，还可以通过改变黏附层的厚度来实现。刘" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "71", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R71", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "71" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人同样采用ABAQUS软件对可折叠OLED屏幕进行建模和弯折仿真，发现改变器件显示层下方光学透明胶（OCA）的厚度对显示层中的应力分布影响不大，但是对OCA黏附层本身的应变影响较大。伍" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "72", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R72", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "72" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人也采用类似的方法进行探索，改变各层OCA的厚度并形成了不同厚度黏附层组合，发现显示层中的拉应力会随着下方OCA厚度的增大而减小，虽然应力的减小量不超过8%，但是仍可以通过增加显示层下方的OCA厚度来提高结构的弯折可靠性。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2.2　黏附层的引入对器件在弯曲状态下结构的影响" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3b2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了实现柔性OLED器件的多个中性层分布，一般采用OCA对各层结构进行黏合。OCA具有很高的黏合性能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "73", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R73", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "73" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，是一种耐风化性强和无腐蚀性材料" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。同时，OCA是一种黏弹性材料，可以使用广义Maxwell模型来描述OCA的力学性能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。由于OCA剪切模量会随着温度而发生变化，这就要求OCA必须具有较小的玻璃化转变温度和能在正常工作温度下保持较高的剪切模量的特性，才不至于因为剪切应力过大而出现分层的现象" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "一般可以采用单轴拉伸流变仪" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "76", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R76", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "76" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "来测量OCA的应力应变特性，较好的可折叠OCA具有回弹性小和蠕变量小的特点，因此很适合用于柔性OLED器件的制备。但是OCA的引入不可避免地会对器件在弯曲状态下的结构产生一定的影响，可以利用有限元仿真软件这个工具对此进行探究。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）标准OCA、可折叠OCA及改进版OCA的剪切模量随温度的变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；（b）单轴拉伸流变仪二维模型以及实物示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "76", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R76", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "76" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The variation of shear modulus with temperature for standard OCA, foldable OCA and improved OCA" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ".（b）Two-dimensional model and schematic diagram of uniaxial tensile rheometer" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "76", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R76", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "76" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482430&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482432&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482431&type=", "width": "63.64099884", "height": "96.11399841", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Salmon" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "77", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R77", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "77" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的研究团队通过对AMOLED器件中不同OCA黏附层进行有限元仿真，探究了不同OCA黏附层会对器件剪切滑移产生的影响以及黏附层蠕变" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "带来的永久变形。他们采用两种黏附层（OCA 1和OCA 2），采用弯折到一定半径然后恢复原状的仿真方法对器件弯曲前后结构的变化进行探索。他们发现采用OCA 2黏附器件的残余应变较大，器件侧面出现了不可逆的起褶现象。相比之下，OCA 1由于其较小的储能模量和损耗角正切值而拥有四倍于OCA 2的抵抗界面因剪切而脱粘的能力。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Cheng" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人同样采用有限元仿真的方法对AMOLED器件在弯曲状态下的变化进行了探索。通过对PET/OCA/PET结构的仿真测试，发现较小弹性模量的黏附层能减小PET两端的应变（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），厚度更大的OCA也能达到类似的效果。通过对完整器件结构的仿真，出现多个中性层的情况（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。折叠区的OCA在折叠时通过挤压向外拉伸，并在折叠区附近的区域积累导致应变增大，尤其是沿着折叠方向。OCA厚度越大，积累的区域就越宽，主要是由于材料的流动引起的（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c））。对于完整结构的器件，三个黏附层在折叠时通过挤压向外延伸，并在折叠区附近的区域累积形成驼峰状。在折叠过程中，由于黏附层的挤出，薄膜可能会因挤压、剪切或脱层而损坏（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（d））。如果器件在长时间折叠后打开，可能会发生永久变形。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）PET中沿厚度方向上的应变随OCA弹性模量的变化；（b）完整AMOLED器件中除黏附层之外各功能层在厚度方向上的应变分布情况；（c）在折叠后不同厚度的OCA层上应变分布的仿真结果；（d）完整AMOLED器件上在折叠后各黏附层应变分布的仿真结果以及侧面的局部放大图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The variation of strain along the thickness direction with the elastic modulus of OCA in PET.（b）Strain distribution in the thickness direction of each functional layer except adhesion layer in a complete AMOLED device.（c）Simulation results of strain distribution on OCA layer with different thicknesses after folding.（d）Simulation results of strain distribution in each adhesion layer after folding on a complete AMOLED device and partial enlarged view of the side" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482433&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482435&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482434&type=", "width": "154.69914246", "height": "112.19159698", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2.3　合理控制多个中性层的数量实现器件结构可靠性" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3b3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "据上一小节的讨论，虽然多中性层能够显著减小器件的最大应力，但是也会由于黏附层的引入而使器件的整体结构强度下降，主要体现在层与层结合的界面间产生严重的剪切而导致分层，或者是器件回弹后的永久变形，这是我们不希望看到的，特别是对于用来卷曲的器件，几乎所有部位都处于弯曲的状态。对于那些结构强度较低的器件，整体结构强度的下降对器件失效的影响会比关键层应力增加的影响要大，此时，首先需要考虑的是保证器件整体结构的可靠性。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Nam" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "58", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R58", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "58" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人通过改进器件的堆叠结构，提高了可卷曲柔性屏幕的结构可靠性，从而防止分层和永久变形。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "他们研究的柔性OLED显示屏采用了三个黏附层，通过改变黏附层的弹性模量和盖板的弹性模量得到了三个实例。根据仿真的结果不难看出在不同实例中，器件不同厚度处的应变分布不同（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a））。实例1中出现了多个中性层，结构的最大应变只有0.6%，但是黏附层中的最大剪切应变非常大，器件很可能会出现分层的现象。实例2中多个中性层转变成了单个中性层，结构的最大应变在1%以上。实例3中也只有一个中性层，OLED层的应变在这三种情况下最小，但是这个器件的最大应变却超过了2%。研究团队对实际的器件结构进行100次卷曲，并观察表面和侧面的情况。实例1中发生了分层，实例2看不出分层，但是整个器件都处于一个起褶皱的状态。实例3中无分层和裂纹，器件在多次弯折后依旧可以保持一个平直不起褶皱的状态（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）不同实例中OLED显示器件不同厚度处的应变分布情况。实例1：低弹性模量（0.02MPa）黏附层，实例2：高弹性模量（2.0MPa）黏附层，实例3：高弹性模量（2.0MPa）黏附层和低弹性模量（100MPa）盖板；（b）100次卷曲后的样品" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "58", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R58", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "58" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The strain distribution at different thicknesses of OLED display device in different cases. Case 1: low elastic modulus (0.02MPa) adhesion layer, case 2: high elastic modulus (2.0MPa) adhesion layer, case 3: high elastic modulus (2.0MPa) adhesion layer and low elastic modulus (100MPa) cover plate.（b）Sample after 100 crimps" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "58", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R58", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "58" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482436&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482438&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=37482437&type=", "width": "135.72811890", "height": "132.81845093", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Shi" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等人通过使用低模量OCA将AMOLED器件分成不同部分，新材料OCA 1和OCA 2的使用使得AMOLED层中的最大应变由原来的0.43%减小到0.27%，除黏附层之外其他功能层中的中性层总个数也由原来的四个减小为三个。虽然新材料的引入增大了整个器件的最大应变，但却使器件中最重要的AMOLED层得到了更好的保护。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结合上述讨论，可以认为在一定情况下多个中性层的引入并不是最好的方案，中性层的数量也不是越多越好。只有在满足器件安全工作的条件下对结构进行相应改进，合理控制多个中性层的数量，才能获得最好的效果。" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　总结与展望" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了防止柔性OLED器件在使用的过程中因受到外界的弯曲载荷而失效，本文从中性层的概念出发，介绍了中性层技术在柔性OLED器件研发上的应用。中性层技术主要可分为对单个中性层的使用和对多个中性层的使用，从这两个方面出发分别介绍了器件中产生并控制两种中性层位置的方法。其中，单个中性层的位置可以通过改变材料的厚度和弹性模量来进行调节，缓冲层一般用来提升器件效率，但也可以用来控制单个中性层的位置。多个中性层可以采用引入低弹性模量的黏附层（例如PSA和OCA）来实现。通过数学的计算，器件中单个中性层的位置是可以被确定的。近年来，许多研究人员通过合理设计来控制单中性层位置，有效减小了器件中关键位置处的应力和应变。此外，研究人员还使用多个中性层对器件中多个比较脆弱的结构层进行有效的保护，但是在某些特殊情况下多中性层会导致器件发生剪切分层和永久变形，需要对结构进行进一步的设计来合理控制多个中性层的数量，以此达到保证器件整体结构可靠的目的。当然，无论是引入单个中性层还是多个中性层，均能有效减小柔性OLED器件在受到外部弯曲载荷下关键结构层的应变，从而减小器件失效的可能，使器件能长期处在安全的工作状态下。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在未来，柔性OLED器件会朝着更轻薄，灵活性更高的方向发展，一方面希望开发出新的工艺来制备更薄的结构，另一方面也希望能采用全新的技术保证更小厚度的材料在弯曲或折叠后不发生失效。此外，能弯折到更小的半径且能在多次弯折后几乎不发生永久变形的器件也是人们希望开发的。以上这些思考对器件材料的选取和使用也提出了更高的要求，开发新的材料来替代现有的材料，使器件具有更好的机械柔韧性，同时保持较高的性能是人们现在乃至之后研究的重点，新兴材料中包含的巨大潜力必将在未来柔性OLED器件的发展中逐渐显现出来。" } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "1", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "JIN D U" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KIM T W" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KOO H W" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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PU Yong

DAI Jiang-nan

LIU Wei-hua

JIANG Feng-yi

Related Institution

南昌大学, 材料科学研究所, 教育部发光材料与器件工程研究中心

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Research Progress on Improving Bending Reliability of Flexible OLED Based on Neutral Layer Technology Enhanced Publication