Recent Progress of Blue-light Emitting Materials for Organic Light-emitting Diodes Enhanced Publication

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机发光二极管蓝光材料研究进展" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Recent Progress of Blue-light Emitting Materials for Organic Light-emitting Diodes" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "谭", "givenname": "文乐", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "TAN", "givenname": "Wenle", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "谭文乐（1997-），男，河南许昌人，博士研究生，2020年于海南大学获得学士学位，主要从事有机离子型荧光材料的设计、合成及其性质的研究。Email: 15290973926@163. com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942127&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942133&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942130&type=", "width": "24.89202881", "height": "29.88733673", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "谭文乐" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1997-），男，河南许昌人，博士研究生，2020年于海南大学获得学士学位，主要从事有机离子型荧光材料的设计、合成及其性质的研究。Email: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "15290973926@163. com" } ] ] } ], "email": "15290973926@163. com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "俞", "givenname": "越", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "YU", "givenname": "Yue", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mails： yuyue924@scut.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mails： yuyue924@scut.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "俞越（1993-），男，浙江绍兴人，博士，2020年于浙江工业大学获得博士学位，主要从事有机窄谱带荧光材料的设计、合成与性质的研究。 E-mail: yuyue924@scut.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942137&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942146&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942142&type=", "width": "24.89203072", "height": "29.88732910", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "俞越" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1993-），男，浙江绍兴人，博士，2020年于浙江工业大学获得博士学位，主要从事有机窄谱带荧光材料的设计、合成与性质的研究。 E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "yuyue924@scut.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "yuyue924@scut.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "胡", "givenname": "德华", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "HU", "givenname": "Dehua", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor2", "lang": "en", "text": "dehuahu@gdut.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "dehuahu@gdut.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "胡德华（1982-），男，湖南郴州人，博士，教授，2011年于吉林大学获得博士学位，主要从事有机光电磁功能材料与器件的研究。" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942151&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942158&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942154&type=", "width": "24.89202499", "height": "29.88732910", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "胡德华" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1982-），男，湖南郴州人，博士，教授，2011年于吉林大学获得博士学位，主要从事有机光电磁功能材料与器件的研究。" } ] ] } ], "email": "dehuahu@gdut.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "马", "givenname": "於光", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "MA", "givenname": "Yuguang", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor3", "lang": "en", "text": "ygma@scut.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ygma@scut.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "马於光（1963-），男，吉林长春人，博士，教授，博士生导师，中国科学院院士，1991年于吉林大学获得博士学位，2021年当选为中国科学院院士，主要从事有机半导体材料光电、铁磁、热电、场效应晶体管、电化学等性质的研究与应用。" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942163&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942169&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942165&type=", "width": "24.89199829", "height": "29.88732910", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "马於光" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1963-），男，吉林长春人，博士，教授，博士生导师，中国科学院院士，1991年于吉林大学获得博士学位，2021年当选为中国科学院院士，主要从事有机半导体材料光电、铁磁、热电、场效应晶体管、电化学等性质的研究与应用。" } ] ] } ], "email": "ygma@scut.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "华南理工大学 发光材料与器件国家重点实验室， 广东 广州　510640", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "华南理工大学 发光材料与器件国家重点实验室， 广东 广州　510640" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices， South China University of Technology， Guangzhou 510640， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices， South China University of Technology， Guangzhou 510640， China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "广东工业大学 轻工化工学院， 广东 广州　510006", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "广东工业大学 轻工化工学院， 广东 广州　510006" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry， Guangdong University of Technology， Guangzhou 510006， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry， Guangdong University of Technology， Guangzhou 510006， China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机发光二极管（Organic light‑emitting diodes，OLEDs）经过30余年的发展，在显示和照明领域已经进入了大规模应用的阶段。有机红光及绿光OLEDs基本上已能够达到商业应用的标准，但是蓝光OLEDs仍然存在亮度低、高亮度下寿命短的问题，因而商业上对兼具高激子利用率及高稳定性的蓝光材料和器件的需求显得尤为迫切。为了解决这一问题，国内和国际上相继提出了基于重金属配位的磷光配合物、三线态‐三线态湮灭、热活化延迟荧光、“热激子”等材料结构的设计策略，期望在获得高发光量子效率和激子利用率的同时，尽量减小器件的效率滚降，获得具有高稳定性、长寿命的蓝光OLEDs器件。本文总结了不同类型蓝光OLEDs材料的研究进展，并对未来蓝光材料的发展趋势进行了展望。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Organic light-emitting diodes have been widely used in display and lighting fields after more than 30 years of development. Red and green emitting OLEDs have basically been able to meet the commercial requirements， but blue-emitting OLEDs still have the defect of low brightness and short operation lifetime at high brightness. Therefore， the commercial is dying to blue-emitting materials with high exciton utilization efficiency（EUE） and high device stability. Design strategies for material such as heavy-metal phosphorescent complexes， triplet-triplet annihilation （TTA）， thermally activated delayed fluorescent （TADF） and “hot exciton” have been proposed so as to meet the demands of industrial standards. It is expected to obtain blue-emitting OLEDs device with high stability and long lifetime while achieving high photoluminescence quantum yield （PLQY） and the exciton utilization efficiency as well as reduce the efficiency roll-off of devices whenever possible. This paper summarizes the recent progress of different material structure design schemes and prospects the development trends of blue-emitting OLEDs materials." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "蓝光OLEDs" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "热激子" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "热活化延迟荧光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "金属磷光配合物" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "三线态-三线态湮灭" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "blue-emitting OLEDs" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "hot exciton" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "thermally activated delayed fluorescent" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "metal phosphorescent complexes" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "triplet-triplet annihilation" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引　　言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机发光二极管（OLEDs）历经30年发展已在全球范围内获得广泛应用，目前已经进入全面商业化阶段" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。高性能OLEDs发光材料是OLEDs产业关键核心所在，也是该领域国际竞争的焦点。OLEDs材料的发展经历了两个重要阶段：第一代是以三（8-羟基喹啉）铝（Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）为代表的传统荧光OLEDs材料；第二代是基于重金属配合物的磷光OLEDs材料" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。目前主流的商业化红、绿发光材料都是磷光材料，但是蓝色磷光OLEDs的寿命较差，达不到商业化标准。因此商业蓝光材料目前使用的是第一代传统荧光材料，由于其效率、亮度较低，通常需要叠层工艺弥补。根据国际显示委员会（National television system committee,NTSC）制定的标准，标准蓝光的CIE（Commission internationale de l'eclairage，CIE）坐标为（0.14，0.08），深蓝光OLEDs器件需满足CIE坐标的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "y" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值CIE" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "y" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "<" }, { "name": "text", "data": "0.10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R3", "R4" ], "text": "3-4", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。关于OLEDs器件寿命的定义，目前并无统一标准。一般将在恒定电流或电压驱动下，器件的亮度下降到初始亮度一半所需的时间定义为OLEDs器件的寿命，也称为" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。类似地，器件的亮度下降到初始亮度95%所需的时间为" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "95" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，器件的亮度下降到初始亮度70%所需的时间为" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。器件的寿命和初始亮度密切相关，一般有" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942177&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942174&type=", "width": "15.66333294", "height": "4.06400013", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为器件初始亮度，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C、n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "均为常数，可由实验数据拟合获得），根据该公式可将" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "95" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "线性外推，以获得" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的估计值；但大多数文章中不会给出" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的具体值，因此难以进行外推" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R5", "R6" ], "text": "5-6", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。随着OLEDs的大规模应用，传统蓝光OLEDs材料亮度低以及高亮度下寿命较短的问题日益凸显，国内以及国际上也陆续提出了获得兼具高效率和高稳定性的新一代蓝光OLEDs材料的新思路" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R7", "R8", "R9" ], "text": "7-9", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "我国OLEDs产业领域起步较晚，前两代发光材料的核心专利主要由韩日德美企业垄断。直到今天，中国企业在OLEDs产业上主要还是以供应材料的中间体和单体粗品为主，利率较低。针对这个问题，国家层面正加速推进OLEDs产业布局，我国的OLEDs企业（京东方、维信诺、华星光电、和辉光电等）正走在做大、做强的发展之路上。因此，在新一代有机OLEDs材料的研究中，开发具有我国自主知识产权的高性能OLEDs材料，尤其是蓝光材料，有着现实需求和战略性意义。国内与国际上对于有机蓝光OLEDs材料的研究呈现出多途径发展的趋势，主要包括三线态-三线态湮灭（TTA）、新型重金属磷光配合物、热活化延迟荧光、“热激子”材料等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R10", "R11" ], "text": "10-11", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。TTA材料激子利用率的理论上限为62.5%，仍有占37.5%的激子能量被耗散掉；重金属磷光配合物及热活化延迟荧光材料的激子利用率理论上限可达到100%，但磷光及延迟荧光的激子均具有较长的寿命，容易造成激子在OLEDs器件发光层中积聚，效率滚降较为严重；“热激子”材料通过合理的分子结构设计，可以实现三线态激子的高能反系间窜越过程，这一过程的速率被证实处于纳秒数量级，因此在实现100%激子利用率的同时， 需避免因激子累积造成的效率滚降" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R12", "R13" ], "text": "12-13", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。需要特别指出的是，这些具有新发光机制的新一代有机蓝光材料均未投入实际生产，从应用角度，这些材料体系的研究处于齐头并进的状态，都有进一步产业化的机会。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　金属配合物蓝光OLEDs" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "作为第二代OLEDs材料，金属配合物磷光材料是目前OLEDs产线主要使用的材料体系，于1998年首次由我国" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和美国普林斯顿大学科学家" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出。其原理是利用重金属的自旋-轨道耦合效应将不发光的三线态转变成可发光的激发态，因此磷光器件的内量子效率在理论上可以达到100%。基于铱、铂等贵金属配位的红色、绿色磷光材料已基本满足商业应用的需求，但是具有宽带隙的蓝色磷光OLEDs材料通常寿命较短，这严重阻碍了其商业化应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "合适的分子结构设计、器件结构优化和开发新的重原子配位体系是改善蓝色磷光OLEDs器件性能的有效途径。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，2022年年初，三星显示Kim及其合作者报道了一种基于Pt（Ⅱ）配合物的蓝光OLEDs材料，表现出很高的器件稳定性和较长的寿命" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这种铂配合物磷光材料主要的结构设计策略是通过在N-杂环卡宾中引入大体积的取代基来有效增强结构稳定性以及规避额外的主客体相互作用，并且采用双主体的发光层结构，最终得到的磷光器件其CIE" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "y" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0.197, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "= 1 113 h （初始亮度1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）；而在此之前，蓝色磷光器件的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "寿命很难突破100 h。考虑到现有的大多数蓝光OLEDs产线都是基于单主体的蓝光发光层结构，如果引入双主体结构，需要额外的设备改造。因此，该材料的产业化还需要一定的时间。另外，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，韩国弘益大学Kim等设计了一种新型的器件结构，在较低的起始亮度下，表现出了极高的稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这种器件以具有高单、三线态能级的SiDBFCz为主体，蓝光材料 Ir（cb）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为掺杂客体，并在主体中引入铱配合物　Ir（dpbic）" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "充当中间能量载体（ICE），获得了长寿命的蓝色磷光器件。与传统的以激基复合物为主体的器件不同，这种器件在主体与ICE之间并未产生激子，主体、ICE、客体之间同时存在Förster能量转移和Dexter能量转移过程，实现了多通道的能量转移过程，极大地提高了器件稳定性。在初始亮度为100 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时，蓝色磷光器件的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "= 13 830 h，CIE" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "y" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0.17。但在起始亮度为500 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时，器件的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "80" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "则为245 h，表明在高发光亮度下，器件的寿命衰减问题仍然存在。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）基于Pt（Ⅱ）配合物的蓝光OLED材料的结构；（b）在二氯甲烷中的吸收、发射光谱；（c）外量子效率随电流密度变化曲线；（d）器件寿命曲线（起始亮度：1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Structure of blue OLED material based on Pt（Ⅱ） complex. （b）Absorption and emission spectrum in dichloro-methane. （c）External quantum efficiency⁃luminance（EQE⁃" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "） characteristics curve. （d）Device lifetime characteristics curve（Initial brightness: 1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942180&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942186&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942183&type=", "width": "135.81170654", "height": "92.98862457", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）发光层材料能级分布； （b）器件寿命； （c）掺杂薄膜激子寿命； （d）多通道能量转移示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Energy level of emitting layer materials. （b）Device lifetime. （c）Exciton lifetime of doped films. （d）Schematic diagram of multi-channel energy transfer" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942189&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942195&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942192&type=", "width": "140.96398926", "height": "85.67993164", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "除铂、铱外，基于铈、钐、铕等镧系重金属的蓝色磷光材料也在被研究者所关注。该类稀土元素的4d-5f轨道间的跃迁过程是自旋允许的，因而通常表现出纳秒或微秒级的激发态寿命；但由于该类有机配合物自身稳定性通常较差，且辐射跃迁过程易被水、氧、分子结构振动等因素猝灭，想要实现商业化应用仍需进一步的研究" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R18", "R19", "R20" ], "text": "18-20", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。总体而言，基于铂、铱等金属磷光配合物材料的器件寿命在不断提升，距离商业应用也越来越近，但贵金属材料带来的高成本问题以及可能的环境污染问题一直难以避免，因此发展铈、铕等地球中含量更高且低毒的磷光配合物具有现实意义。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　TTA类蓝光OLEDs" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "三线态-三线态湮灭荧光材料可以通过两个三线态T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "激子的聚变作用，产生一个单线态激子的同时释放声子，该过程通常发生在芘、菲等含有多环芳烃的化合物中。TTA类材料可以通过三线态激子的聚变过程实现荧光发射，器件稳定性较磷光材料更好" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，根据Yamazaki等的报道，以TTA材料CzPA为主体，敏化客体荧光材料1,6MMemFLPAPrn（BD），在1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的初始亮度下，OLEDs器件的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可达8 000 h，其EQE为11.9%，表现出CIE坐标为（0.14，0.16）的蓝光发射" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TTA材料CzPA作为主体敏化BD实现长寿命荧光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TTA materials CzPA sensitizes 1，6MMemFLPAPrn to realize long-lifetime electrofluorescence" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942198&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942207&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942204&type=", "width": "72.10668945", "height": "89.39694214", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，2021年，Vinich等报道了基于TTA过程的非掺杂深蓝光OLEDs器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。采用TPNACN和TPBACN非掺杂薄膜作为发光层，CIE坐标分别为（0.146, 0.101）和（0.151, 0.085），同时具有58 nm和60 nm的半峰全宽（Full width at half maxima, FWHM）。其中，基于TPNACN的蓝光器件，开启电压仅为2.6 eV，EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=7.89%,但器件的稳定性不好。尽管如此，器件的综合性能在已报道的TTA非掺杂蓝光器件中仍处于较高水平。总体来看，TTA材料非掺杂的蓝光OLEDs器件，无论是效率还是器件稳定性，均有待进一步提升。使用低带隙的红光或绿光材料作为敏化剂，敏化TTA材料的T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级，再通过三线态激子的聚变过程实现蓝光发射，也是TTA类材料制备OLEDs器件的一种新思路。该方法激子利用率的理论上限虽然仅有50%，但是却可以使器件的驱动电压大幅度降低，在减少能量输入的情况下维持同样的功率效率并实现高能的蓝光发射，因而逐渐被研究者所关注" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R24", "R25" ], "text": "24-25", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。良好的器件稳定性、较长的使用寿命、低的效率滚降等优点使TTA类材料在商业上已有了较为广泛的应用。但TTA类材料的一个明显缺陷在于其EQE不高，有相当大部分的能量被耗散掉了。有研究者认为，类比TADF类材料100%的激子利用率的理论上限、已经达到36.7%的EQE，TTA类的蓝光材料基于62.5%激子利用率的理论上限，外量子效率应达到22.9%，但目前报道的TTA类蓝光OLEDs器件的效率通常只在10%左右。提高TTA类材料的效率仍是需要解决的问题" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）TPNACN和TPBACN的分子结构；（b）两种非掺杂OLEDs器件的性能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Molecular structure of TPNACN and TPBACN. （b）Properties of non-doped OLEDs devices" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942210&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942215&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942213&type=", "width": "131.54287720", "height": "66.60542297", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　热活化延迟荧光蓝光OLEDs" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2012年，日本科学家提出了TADF分子结构设计策略，目的是在不引入金属重原子的情况下利用分子的三线态激子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这类材料通常需要分子的HOMO与LUMO分离，以获得较小的S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "之间的能差Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ST" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（一般要求Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ST" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "<" }, { "name": "text", "data": "0.1 eV）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R27", "R28" ], "text": "27-28", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在电致发光过程中激发态弛豫到T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态后，通过反向系间窜跃（Reverse intersystem crossing, RISC）转化到S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态，理论上可以实现100%的激子利用率。这类材料的问题是高电流密度下由于长寿命三线态累积造成的效率快速滚降，原理上及器件研究中均显示效率滚降问题难以克服。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "值得一提的是，传统的TADF材料由于结构高度扭曲，容易产生分子内电荷转移导致光谱变宽。2019年，日本Japan New Chisso（JNC）公司与关西学院大学开发了一类以硼、氮为构筑核心单元的多重共振蓝光TADF材料，由于HOMO、LUMO分别局域在氮原子和硼原子上，抑制了振动耦合和结构弛豫对光谱的展宽，因此展现出类似原子光谱的窄半峰宽发射（器件中半峰宽18 nm）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。尽管这类材料还是存在效率滚降的问题，但是由于色度较纯，因此在高精度显示方面十分具有潜力。该类材料的器件稳定性问题同样被研究者所关注，Kim等最近报道的基于多重共振TADF材料的蓝光OLEDs串联器件，在初始亮度1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的条件下，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "95" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "超过了500 h，表现出了较好的器件稳定性，但与商业应用的标准仍有一定差距" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此外，为了发挥硼基材料的优势以及提高TADF蓝光材料的寿命，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，日本科学家开发了一类名为“超荧光”的OLEDs器件结构。通过将硼基材料与其他TADF分子按一定比例结合再掺杂到主体中，主体承担电性能，其能量经过Dexter能量转移到TADF分子再通过Förster能量转移到硼基材料，最终发出硼基材料的荧光。得到的器件结果CIE坐标为（0.13, 0.16）,半峰宽19 nm，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "95 " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=18 h（初始亮度1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。尽管还远达不到实际应用的水平，但是为蓝光OLED提供了一种新的思路。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "“超荧光”OLEDs分子结构及器件性能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Molecular structure and device properties of “hyperfluorescence” OLEDs" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942219&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942230&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942223&type=", "width": "152.57501221", "height": "93.50427246", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5　“热激子”蓝光OLEDs" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "“热激子”发光材料是我们课题组于2012年提出的具有自主知识产权的新一代OLEDs材料" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。“热激子”材料基于高能量三线态激子（T" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1）反向系间窜跃到S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的现象（T" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "），实现三线态到单线态的高效率转换，因此理论上可以实现100%的激子利用率。同时，这种高能态的反向系间窜跃（RISC from higher triplet states, hRISC）速度较快，能够有效避免T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "激子的生成和积累，有望形成一类高效率、低效率滚降的蓝光OLEDs材料" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R33", "R34", "R35" ], "text": "33-35", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中，确保高能三线态的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "K" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "hRISC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "≫" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "K" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "IC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是材料最关键的设计理念。经过十余年的发展，“热激子”材料结构的设计原则已基本明确：选择具有“热激子”能级排布（较大T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级差）的前驱体，如通常分子的核心构筑单元为具有蒽、芘和苯并噻二唑等稠环共轭体系，在其适当的位置引入含有杂原子的给受体进一步对其激发态能级和性质调控，使其满足“热激子”能级排布的同时加速高能态的反向系间窜跃过程。由于“热激子”材料的反隙间窜越通道和辐射跃迁通道分离，无需像TADF材料一样通过强电荷转移态（CT）设计来实现小的S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能差，因而其S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态可为局域态（LE）或者杂化局域电荷转移态（HLCT），可以保证高发光效率和短发射波长，这对蓝光和深蓝光发光材料的设计是十分有益的。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，以菲并咪唑和三苯胺为功能基团，对具有较大T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-T" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级差的蒽类稠环芳烃进行能级调控，构筑了“热激子”蓝光材料PAC，基于PAC的非掺杂OLEDs器件其最高EQE可达10.48%，CIE坐标为（0.15，0.13）。高能三线态敏化实验证明其激子可以有效地从T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态通过快速的反向系间窜越转化为S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态，在实现高激子利用率的同时避免了三线态激子累积，因此即使在1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的亮度下，EQE也能维持在7.54%，表现出较小的效率滚降" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）外量子效率-亮度（EQE-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）特征曲线；（b）PAC分子的能级分布" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Molecular structure， energy level. （b）External quantum efficiency-luminance（EQE-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "） characteristics curve of PAC" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942234&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942245&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942241&type=", "width": "141.30393982", "height": "52.96298218", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "通过瞬态吸收光谱技术，测定热激子材料的激发态吸收（Excited state absorption, ESA）信号，已从实验上测得了材料的高能三线态能级T" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ">" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R36", "R37" ], "text": "36-37", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。为了测定“热激子”材料高能态反向系间窜越过程的速率，我们设计了“热激子”材料PABP与PAIDO并对它们进行了系统研究。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，IDO具有高的T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级，可以作为敏化剂直接敏化PABP、PAIDO的T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级，获得高浓度的高能三线态激子。通过测定敏化溶液的瞬态PL衰减光谱和时间分辨光谱，可以观测到PABP、PAIDO在纳秒级别的延迟荧光，寿命分别为75.36 ns和65.13 ns。结合其他光物理数据，计算得到了PABP、PAIDO的T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态反系间窜越到S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "态的速率常数，分别达到了1.3×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " s" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和1.6×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " s" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，远大于TADF或TTA材料10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "~10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " s" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的反系间窜越速率常数，从实验上证实了热激子材料具有高激子利用率、低效率滚降的原因" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）PAPB与PAIDO的分子结构；（b）PABP-IDO混合溶液中的能量转移示意图；（c）在室温下PABP-IDO和PAIDO-IDO在脱气乙腈溶液中的瞬态PL曲线；（d）PAIDO与IDO混合溶液的时间分辨光谱" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Chemical structures of PABP and PAIDO. （b）Schematic of energy-transfer process in the sensitized solution. （c）Transient PL curves of PABP‐IDO and PAIDO-IDO in degassed acetonitrile solution measured at room temperature. （d）Time resolved spectra of PAIDO‐IDO sensitized solution" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942250&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942259&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942253&type=", "width": "121.44207764", "height": "86.00476074", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "“热激子”材料具备发光波长短，高激子利用效率的优势，因此除了直接使用其作为发光材料外，它也十分适合作为发光层的主体材料。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，以“热激子”材料PAC作为主体、经典蓝光材料BD作为客体制备的天蓝光器件，CIE坐标为（0.14,0.22），最大EQE达到了17.4%。这种方法削弱了从PAC的T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级向T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级的内转换过程，能够进一步提高复合激子的利用率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在不同电流密度下，纯PAC（a）、2% BD掺杂PAC（b） OLED器件的瞬态EL衰减曲线；（c）以PAC为主体、BD为客体的电致荧光器件的能量转移过程；（d）EQE-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "特征曲线" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Transient EL decay curves of pure PAC（a） and 2% BD doped PAC（b） OLEDs at different current densities. （c）Energy transfer process of electrofluorescence device with PAC as host and BD as object. （d）EQE-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " characteristics curve" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942263&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942275&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39942269&type=", "width": "143.28625488", "height": "89.67370605", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "进一步，我们还发展了具有“热激子”特性的有机晶体发光材料。通过分子结构和单晶结构的调控制备了高发光效率、高迁移率和低激子束缚能的二维有机发光晶体，实现了高迁移、高发光、高激子利用率、低激射阈值、低光损耗的有机晶体场效应发光器件，并探索了其在有机激光的应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了更直观地了解各种蓝光器件的基本性质，将本文提到的蓝光OLEDs器件的发光机理、参数及器件性能总结在" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表1", "type": "table", "rid": "T1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文涉及的一些蓝光OLEDs材料的器件性能" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Device performance of blue OLEDs mentioned in this paper" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "编号" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "发光层" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "材料" } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "材料" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "类型" } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "器件" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结构" } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "EQE" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "max" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "%" } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "起始亮度/（cd·m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "器件寿命/h" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CIE （" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { 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"1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的反系间窜越过程相对较慢，可通过减小T" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "间的能级差Δ" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ST" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及设计、优化器件类型如“超荧光”等，来获得长寿命的OLEDs器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。对于金属配位磷光材料而言，可以尝试开发新的材料体系，如铈、铕等，以获得自旋跃迁允许的稀土元素配合物，以及构筑多通道的能量转移途径来促进激子能量转移，从而提高器件稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", 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"。此外，长春应化所闫东航课题组提出的晶态薄膜蓝光OLEDs，利用晶态有机材料分子取向排列、缺陷少、稳定性好、迁移率等特性制备出高性能晶态蓝光OLEDs，是一类对现有非晶OLEDs具有颠覆性的新概念器件，将有望突破目前OLEDs领域的瓶颈，大幅提高器件稳定性和使用寿命，并极大地扩展OLEDs使用场景" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。有机蓝光OLEDs材料和器件在不断发展，而人们对它的要求也在不断提高。目前，高色度也已经成为衡量蓝光OLEDs材料的一个重要指标，窄谱带蓝光OLEDs材料成为了一个新的科学问题。为满足窄发射的要求，蓝光材料EL光谱的半峰宽不能超过0.14 eV，在保证蓝光器件高效率和长寿命的前提下，尽量获得较窄的电致发光光谱，对OLEDs显示屏的色纯度提高以及减少因引入滤光片引起的能量损失具有重要意义，这也更要求不同学科领域的交叉来推动其发展" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } } 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