Upconversion Luminescence of CaSc₂O₄∶Er, Nd Nanocrystals Under 808 nm/980 nm Near Infrared Excitation Enhanced Publication

{ "defaultlang": "en", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Upconversion Luminescence of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er, Nd Nanocrystals Under 808 nm/980 nm Near Infrared Excitation" } ] }, { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "808 nm/980 nm 近红外光激发下CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er, Nd纳米晶的上转换发光特性" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "崔", "givenname": "文豪", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "CUI", "givenname": "Wenhao", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "崔文豪（1997-），男，山东日照人，硕士研究生，2019年于北华大学获得学士学位，主要从事稀土掺杂发光纳米材料物理及应用的研究。E‐mail：812913377@qq.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031927&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031931&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031929&type=", "width": "24.89202881", "height": "29.88732910", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "崔文豪" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1997-），男，山东日照人，硕士研究生，2019年于北华大学获得学士学位，主要从事稀土掺杂发光纳米材料物理及应用的研究。E‐mail：" }, { "name": "text", "data": "812913377@qq.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "812913377@qq.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "彭", "givenname": "亚茹", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "PENG", "givenname": "Yaru", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mail： pengyaru@ccut.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mail： pengyaru@ccut.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "彭亚茹（1979-），女，吉林白城人，硕士，实验师，2008年于吉林大学获得硕士学位，主要从事纳米发光材料的研究。E-mail： pengyaru@ccut.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031933&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031939&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031936&type=", "width": "24.89202881", "height": "29.88732910", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "彭亚茹" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1979-），女，吉林白城人，硕士，实验师，2008年于吉林大学获得硕士学位，主要从事纳米发光材料的研究。E-mail： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "pengyaru@ccut.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "pengyaru@ccut.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "李", "givenname": "静", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "LI", "givenname": "Jing", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor2", "lang": "en", "text": "lij@ccut.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "lij@ccut.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "李静（1986-），女，河北衡水人，博士，副教授，2014年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事稀土掺杂发光材料物理及应用的研究。Email：lij@ccut.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031941&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031947&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031943&type=", "width": "24.89202881", "height": "29.88732910", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "李静" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1986-），女，河北衡水人，博士，副教授，2014年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事稀土掺杂发光材料物理及应用的研究。Email：" }, { "name": "text", "data": "lij@ccut.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "lij@ccut.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "黄", "givenname": "宇欣", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "HUANG", "givenname": "Yuxin", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "陈", "givenname": "力", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "CHEN", "givenname": "Li", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "长春工业大学 材料科学与工程学院， 吉林 长春　130012", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "长春工业大学 材料科学与工程学院， 吉林 长春　130012" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "School of Materials Science and Engineering， Changchun University of Technology， Changchun 130012， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Materials Science and Engineering， Changchun University of Technology， Changchun 130012， China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "长春工业大学 材料科学高等研究院， 吉林 长春　130012", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "长春工业大学 材料科学高等研究院， 吉林 长春　130012" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "Advanced Institute of Materials Science， Changchun University of Technology， Changchun 130012， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Advanced Institute of Materials Science， Changchun University of Technology， Changchun 130012， China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A series of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The luminescence properties of the CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " oxide crystals in the visible-light and near infrared （NIR） regions were investigated in detail as the Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " concentrations and excited wavelengths vary. Under 808 nm excitation， the luminescence intensity of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions appears to be enhanced as the concentration of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions increase. The relative red intensity also has the slight enhancement. Under 980 nm excitation， Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions hardly absorb 980 nm photons， only the absorption and emission of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions are found. The relative red intensity has no change. Furthermore， only the emission of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ion was observed in NIR spectrum， which is consist as the visible spectrum. The detailed study reveals the possible upconversion luminescence （UCL） mechanism involved in a novel CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals under 808 nm and 980 nm NIR excitation." } ] } ] }, { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "通过水热法合成了一系列CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶。随着Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度和激发波长的变化，详细研究了CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "氧化物在可见光和近红外（NIR）区域的发光特性。在808 nm激发下，Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的发光强度随着Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子浓度的增加出现增强。相对的红色强度也有轻微的增强。在980 nm激发下，Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子几乎不吸收980 nm的光子，只有Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的吸收和发射被发现。相对的红色强度没有变化。此外，在近红外光谱中，只观察到Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的发射，这与可见光光谱一致。详细的研究揭示了新型CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶在808 nm和980 nm近红外激发下的上转换发光（UCL）机制。" } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "上转换发光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 离子" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 纳米晶" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "近红外激发" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "upconversion luminescence （UCL）" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+ " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "ions" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "nanocrystals" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "near infrared （NIR） excitation" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　Introduction" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Normally, lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescent（UCL） materials with long lifetime and stepped energy structure into the hosts, are used to absorb multi-photons to produce higher energy anti-Stokes luminescence" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2", "R3", "R4" ], "text": "1-4", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". And with rare earth elements own the characteristics of large Stokes shift, sharp emission peak, long fluorescence lifetime, high chemical and photochemical stability, rare earth doped upconversion materials have shown excellent application prospects in the fields of display lighting, biological imaging, photovoltaic cells, optical temperature sensors, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "etc" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R5", "R6", "R7", "R8", "R9", "R10", "R11", "R12", "R13" ], "text": "5-13", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". Studies found that the hosts have a great impact on the overall luminescence efficiency of the material, which can be broadly divided into fluoride, oxide, sulfide, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "etc" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". At present, the most effective UCL occurs in fluoride" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", as a result of the low phonon energy of fluoride, which can suppress non-radiation relaxation. However, the chemical stability and thermal stability of fluoride are not ideal. Considering the stability of the hosts, people prefer to seek high-efficiency oxide upconversion materials, and they also have the advantages of high solubility to ions, simple preparation process and less environmental requirements" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The rare earth element scandium （Sc） is located at the top of the tertiary group （ⅢB） and has an atomic number of only 21, which gives Sc" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " distinctive physicochemical properties compared to other rare earth ions such as Y" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and Lu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions. Sc has the smallest radius" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R16", "R17" ], "text": "16-17", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", so the doped ions are closer to each other, which facilitates the energy transfer （ET） efficiency between doped ions" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". Currently, research findings show that orthorhombic CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " oxide material with a lower cutoff phonon energy can exhibit efficient UCL, which is an excellent host material. Such as, Xiang " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "et al." } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " demonstrate that CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " is a promising candidate for temperature sensing with multipath, high sensitivity, and superior resolution" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". Wei " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "et al" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". announce a strong green emission in CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Tb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " with the green to red ratio as high as 45" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". And a strong UCL was observed in CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Ho" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[20-21]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "However, up to now, little work investigates the UCL performance and ET mechanism of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals under 808 nm and 980 nm excited wavelengths. And Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions can realize upconversion emissions under 808 nm excitation where the water absorption is about 20 times lower than that of Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions. Meanwhile, the absorption cross section of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " is much larger. Thus, co-doped Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions are of great significance to the UCL study. In this work, we prepared the series of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶1%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+ " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0.5, 1, 2, 3） nanocrystals by hydrothermal method, and mainly analyzed the influence of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions and different excited wavelengths on the UCL properties and the possibility of ET mechanism in the samples by luminescence spectra in the visible and near infrared （NIR） regions." } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　Experiment" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1　Materials" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "High purity（99.99%） Sc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Yb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Er" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Nd" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", CaCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " purchased from Aladdin, analytical reagent NaOH, anhydrous ethanol as raw material. All the chemical reagents were used directly without further purification. The experimental ScCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", ErCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and NdCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " solutions were obtained by dissolving the corresponding oxides in HCl, and the NaOH solution was directly dissolved in water." } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2　Synthesis of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶1%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " （" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "= 0.5， 1， 2， 3）" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "In a typical procedure, CaCl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RE" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Cl" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RE" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "= Sc" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "） solution, in the corresponding stoichiometric proportions, were both mixed in a 50 mL beaker, proceed to add 20 mL anhydrous ethanol and placed the beaker on the magnetic stirrer, speed was 380 r/min. After 30 min, by adding 2 mL NaOH solution, the pH of solution was modulated to the specifical value. The pH of all the solutions was the same value 12, and stirring for 1 h. Then, the hydrothermal reaction was carried out at 180 ℃ for 24 h. Waiting for the resulting precursor solution was cooled down to room temperature, multiple centrifugation was performed to purify at 12 000 r/min. Then, the precursors were dried in a vacuum drying oven for 12 h. Finally, they were annealed in a muffle furnace at 700 ℃ for 2 h to obtain samples." } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3　Characterizations" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Physical phase analysis of the sample was performed by the X-ray power diffraction （XRD） technique from a RINT/DMAX 2200 H/PC （Rigaku D/Max ⅡA） machine, whose radiation source is Cu target K-rays （" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "λ " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "= 0.154 nm） and scanning speed is 10.0（°）/min。Small angle X-ray scattering（SAXS） experiment was performed at the Shanghai Light Source （SSRF） small-angle scattering station （BL16B1） at a wavelength of 0.124 nm. The detector was a Pilatus 2 M with a resolution of 1 475×1 679 pixels and a unit pixel size of 172 μm×172 μm. The distance from the specimen to the detector was 1 920 mm, which was obtained by calibrating a standard sample bull bar. The upconversion fluorescence spectra were studied using a spectrophotometer （Hitachi F-7000）. Steady state NIR UCL spectra were measured on a FLS920 spectrometer （Edinburgh Instruments） with an external power controllable 808 nm and 980 nm lasers as an excitation source." } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "In all the UCL spectra measures, the sample thickness, 808 nm and 980 nm diode laser pumping power, position and distance of sample and diode laser are all fixed in order to ensure the same output power density." } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　Results and Discussion" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "Fig.1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a） shows the X-ray diffraction patterns （XRD） of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals prepared by hydrothermal method. It can be observed that all the diffraction peaks of this sample are in identical with the related standard card （JCPDS 20-0234）, no obvious interfering peaks are detected. It indicates that pure-phase CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals have been synthesized successfully. Then, we resolve the illustration of " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "Fig.1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a） with the help of Fit2D tool and found that the CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " system belongs to the surface fractal, which " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "D" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "s" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=2.12. " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "Fig.1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b） shows the crystal structure of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4 " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "which is related to the orthogonal calcium ferrite CaFe" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " structure type, with the space group " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "D" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2h" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Pnam" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（62）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R22", "R23", "R24" ], "text": "22-24", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " is in the center of the eight nearest neighboring O" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2-" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions, belonging to the " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "C" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2v" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " point group, while the six-coordinated Sc" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions own two lattice positions, both of which belong to the " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "O" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "h" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " point group." } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "XRD patterns（a） and structures of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b） nanocrystals. Inset of panel （a） presents the image of small angle X-ray scattering." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031950&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031955&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031953&type=", "width": "137.77105713", "height": "54.21456909", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "We have tested the UCL spectra in the range of 500-700 nm of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶1%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " （" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=0.5, 1, 2, 3） nanocrystals under 808 nm and 980 nm laser excitation, showing in Fig." }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " and " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ", respectively. In Fig." }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a） and " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）, we can clearly observe two upconversion emission bands, located in the range of 515-575 nm and 650-680 nm, corresponding to Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶（" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy levels transition" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", respectively. Interestingly, the UCL properties of the same series of samples are different at varied excitation wavelengths, one enhanced and one diminished. Under 808 nm excitation, the luminescence intensity of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions appears to be enhanced as the concentration of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions increases. However, the opposite phenomenon is observed under 980 nm excitation. We suspect that this is related to the fact that Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions have a large absorption cross-section in the 808 nm range" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R26", "R27" ], "text": "26-27", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", without in 980 nm. To verify the idea, we normalize all upconversion emission spectra at 555 nm. It is found that when the excited wavelength is 808 nm, as the increasing of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " concentration, the CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals show a certain degree of enhancement in the red-light range （650-680 nm）, while under 980 nm excitation, there is almost no change in the red part. We believe that, with the increase of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions concentration under 808 nm excitation, it makes the energy transfer （ET） efficiency from Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " to Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions increase, which results in better filling to the Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy levels. As the same time, Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions could increase the radiative relaxation of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", making an increase in the population of " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level, which enhances the cross-relaxation （CR） within the Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions: Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）+Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）→Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）+Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". That may be the cause of a smaller degree of enhancement of the red-light. However, under 980 nm excitation, Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions do not absorb 980 nm photons, so there is no ET process from Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " to Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions. The increase of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions concentration only brings about an increase of defects inside the lattice, which makes the number of quenching centers of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions become larger and finally makes the overall decrease of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " emission." } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "UCL spectra（a） and normalized emission spectra（b） by emission intensity at 555 nm in CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶1%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " = 0.5， 1， 2， 3） nanocrystals under 808 nm excitation. Inset of Fig.2（b） presents the enlarged view of red-light emitting part." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031957&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031963&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031961&type=", "width": "155.48614502", "height": "54.21455383", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "UCL spectra（a） and normalized emission spectra（b） by emission intensity at 555 nm in CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶1%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " = 0.5， 1， 2， 3） nanocrystals under 980 nm excitation. Inset of Fig.3（b） presents the enlarged view of red-light emitting part." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031965&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031969&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031968&type=", "width": "155.48609924", "height": "54.21456909", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "From the CIE chromaticity diagram （" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "Fig.4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "）, we found that the color coordinates are significantly different at 808 nm and 980 nm excitation, which are （0.337, 0.627） and （0.321, 0.657）, respectively. Furthermore, the pictures in the inset of " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "Fig.4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " shown the digital photographs of sample under 808 nm and 980 nm excitation." } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CIE chromaticity diagram of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " under 808 nm and 980 nm excitation. Insets of Fig.4 present the digital photographs of samples under 808 nm and 980 nm." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031972&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031977&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031974&type=", "width": "58.57678223", "height": "60.55284119", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "To understand the phenomenon, we measured the spectra of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶1% Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", 3% Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " in the NIR region from 1 000 nm to 1 700 nm under 808 nm and 980 nm laser excitation and normalized as the emission at 1 535 nm. In " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "Fig.5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ", three distinct emission bands of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " can be observed under 808 nm excitation. In contrast, only the Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " emission band is present under 980 nm excitation. This is consistent with previous literature reports, mainly due to the small absorption cross section of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions at 980 nm, which hardly absorb 980 nm photons. This found accorded with the above analysis, which concluded that only self-absorption and emission of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions are existed in CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals under 980 nm excitation, so the increasing of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions concentration, the sample luminescence becomes weaker and the red-green ratio is no change." } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Normalized emission spectra in the NIR region by emission intensity at 1 535 nm of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶1%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "， 3%Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " under 808 nm and 980 nm excitation" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031979&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031983&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031981&type=", "width": "71.94104004", "height": "56.35861206", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "To investigate the UCL mechanism of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals, we tested the double logarithmic relationship of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " green and red emission intensities as 800 nm and 980 nm pump power. According to the relationship between the UCL intensity （" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "UCL" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "） and excitation power （" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）: " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031987&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031985&type=", "width": "13.54666710", "height": "4.06400013", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", where " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " is the number of absorbed pump photons required to emit an upconversion photon, which can be obtained by a linear fit of the " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031993&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031990&type=", "width": "4.91066647", "height": "3.47133350", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "versus" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41032000&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41031997&type=", "width": "5.75733376", "height": "3.47133350", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " curve" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". As observed in " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "Fig.6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ", the slopes of the fitted curves for the green and red emission intensities of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " in CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals under 808 nm excitation are 1.66 and 1.37, respectively. It indicates that the UCL of both the green and red parts of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " at this excitation wavelength is a two-photon process. While under 980 nm excitation, the slopes are 2.18 and 1.98. In other words, the UCL of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " under 980 nm excitation differs in the green and red portions, which the emission of the green part of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " is a mixture of three-photon and two-photon processes and the red-light emission is two-photon process." } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Double logarithmic relationship of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：（" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）→ " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " intensities as a function of pump power under 808 nm and 980 nm excitation， which green means green-light emission and red means red-light emission." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41032003&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41032008&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41032005&type=", "width": "70.52684021", "height": "55.68899536", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "Fig.7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " illustrates the possible ET mechanism of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals under 808 nm and 980 nm excitation. Under 808 nm excitation, Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions can be effectively excited to Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy levels. Then part of excited Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions relax to Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level, meanwhile, excited Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2 " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "and " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy levels can transfer the energy to Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy levels" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". After that, they reach the " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level by non-radiative relaxation and radiative relaxation in turn, making the increase in the population of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". Then, Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " transitions to " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level by the excited state absorption （ESA）" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". And one part of the energy goes directly from " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " to the ground state " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", completing the emission of green-light at 527 nm. The other part leaps to " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy levels in turn under the effect of non-radiation relaxation, and then returns to the ground state " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", completing the emission of green and red-light at 555 nm and 667 nm, respectively, where " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level will have a small portion of energy can also originate from the CR （" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "+" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "+" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "） of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions themself" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Energy levels of and dominant energy transfer processes in CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals under 808 nm and 980 nm excitation" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41032013&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41032021&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=41032016&type=", "width": "139.52758789", "height": "85.53985596", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "But since the absorption cross-section of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " at 980 nm is very small, no absorption of 980 nm photons, only self-absorption and emission of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions exist in the CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals under 980 nm excitation. The emission of the green part of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions is a mixture of three-photon and two-photon processes. The three-photon process" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ": the ground state Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " absorbs a 980 nm photon and reaches the " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level, then after non-radiation relaxation to the " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level. After that, it continues to absorb the energy of two 980 nm photons to reach the " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level, then, under the action of non-radiation relaxation, reaches " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy levels in turn to complete the green-light emission. The two‑photon process: the Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ion on ground state " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " absorbs one 980 nm photon to populate the " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level. Then, it continues to absorb another photon to reach " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level. The green UCL can be populated by the non⁃radiation relaxation of " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7/2 " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". However, the red⁃light emission process of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions is relatively simple. The Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ion on ground state absorbs one 980 nm photon to transit to the " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level. The " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level is populated by the non⁃radiation relaxation of " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", which can absorb another 980 nm photon to reach " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level to complete the red⁃light emission. Based on the above ET possibilities, our group will further study in the future." } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　Conclusion" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A series of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶1%Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "%Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "= 0.5, 1, 2, 3） nanocrystals were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The luminescence properties of the CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " oxide crystals in the visible-light and NIR regions were investigated in detail as the Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " concentrations and excited wavelengths vary. Under 808 nm excitation, the luminescence intensity of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions appears to be enhanced as the concentration of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions increases. We believe this is due to the large absorption cross section of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions near 808 nm, which can directly absorb 808 nm photons and then transfer part of the absorbed energy to Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions through ET processes. The relative red intensity also has the slight enhancement. That is because increasing of Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions will enhance the population of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy level by CR. Under 980 nm excitation, Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions hardly absorb 980 nm photons, only the absorption and emission of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions are found. The relative red intensity also has no change. The co-doped Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions can only affect the increase of defects inside the crystal, resulting in more quenching centers of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions, thus reducing the overall Er emission. In NIR spectra under 980 nm excitation, only the emission of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions was observed, which is consist as the visible spectra. Finally, according to spectral distribution and power dependence, the UCL mechanism is revealed in CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", Nd" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals. The emissions of green-light and red-light are both two-photon processes under 808 nm excitation, while the emission of green-light is a mixture of three-photon and two-photon processes under 980 nm excitation, and the emission of red-light is a two-photon process." } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Response Letter is available for this paper at:" }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL." } ], "href": "http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL." } }, { "name": "text", "data": " 20220336." } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E‐mail： 812913377@qq.com" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E‐mail： pengyaru@ccut.edu.cn" } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "References" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "1", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "HAASE M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SCHÄFER H" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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" }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.1186/s11671-018-2794-9" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-018-2794-9" } } ], "title": "Hydrothermal synthesis and upconversion properties of about 19 nm Sc2O3∶Er3+，Yb3+ nanoparticles with detailed investigation of the energy transfer mechanism" } ] } ] }, "response": [], "contributions": [], "acknowledgements": [], "conflict": [], "supportedby": [], "articlemeta": { "doi": "10.37188/CJL.20220336", "clc": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "O482.31" } ] ], "dc": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ], "publisherid": "1000-7032（2023）02-0289-09", "citeme": [ { "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "崔文豪,彭亚茹,李静等.808 nm/980 nm 近红外光激发下CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er, Nd纳米晶的上转换发光特性[J].发光学报,2023,44(02):289-297." } ], "text": "崔文豪,彭亚茹,李静等.808 nm/980 nm 近红外光激发下CaSc2O4∶Er, Nd纳米晶的上转换发光特性[J].发光学报,2023,44(02):289-297." }, { "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CUI Wenhao,PENG Yaru,LI Jing,et al.Upconversion Luminescence of CaSc" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er, Nd Nanocrystals Under 808 nm/980 nm Near Infrared Excitation[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2023,44(02):289-297." } ], "text": "CUI Wenhao,PENG Yaru,LI Jing,et al.Upconversion Luminescence of CaSc2O4∶Er, Nd Nanocrystals Under 808 nm/980 nm Near Infrared Excitation[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2023,44(02):289-297." } ], "fundinggroup": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "吉林省自然科学基金（20220101024JC，20200201247JC，20170520110JH）； 国家自然科学基金（11504029，11474035）" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province（20220101024JC，20200201247JC，20170520110JH）； National Natural Science Foundation of China（11504029，11474035）" } ] } ], "history": { "received": "2022-09-15", "revised": "2022-09-28", "ppub": "2023-02-05", "opub": "2023-03-13" } }, "appendix": [], "type": "research-article", "ethics": [], "supplementary": [], "journalTitle": "发光学报", "issue": "2", "volume": "44", "originalSource": [] }