Research Progress on Few-mode Erbium-doped Fiber and Its Corresponding Amplifier

ZHAO Xin-yue; QIU Qiang; CHU Ying-bo; DAI Neng-li; LI Jin-yan

doi:10.37188/CJL.20220246

Chinese Version Light学术出版中心

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Research Progress on Few-mode Erbium-doped Fiber and Its Corresponding Amplifier

Synthesis and Properties of Materials | Updated：2023-02-13

- Research Progress on Few-mode Erbium-doped Fiber and Its Corresponding Amplifier Enhanced Publication
- Chinese Journal of Luminescence Vol.43, Issue 12, (2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics， Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China,430074
- Author bio：
- Funds：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(61805093)
- DOI：10.37188/CJL.20220246 CLC： O436
- Published：05 December 2022，
  
  Received：23 June 2022，
  
  Revised：09 July 2022，
Scan the full text
Cite this article
赵新月,邱强,褚应波等.少模掺铒光纤及其放大器研究进展[J].发光学报,2022,43(12):1915-1927.

ZHAO Xin-yue,QIU Qiang,CHU Ying-bo,et al.Research Progress on Few-mode Erbium-doped Fiber and Its Corresponding Amplifier[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2022,43(12):1915-1927.
赵新月,邱强,褚应波等.少模掺铒光纤及其放大器研究进展[J].发光学报,2022,43(12):1915-1927. DOI： 10.37188/CJL.20220246.

ZHAO Xin-yue,QIU Qiang,CHU Ying-bo,et al.Research Progress on Few-mode Erbium-doped Fiber and Its Corresponding Amplifier[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2022,43(12):1915-1927. DOI： 10.37188/CJL.20220246.

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "少模掺铒光纤及其放大器研究进展" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Research Progress on Few-mode Erbium-doped Fiber and Its Corresponding Amplifier" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "赵", "givenname": "新月", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "ZHAO", "givenname": "Xin-yue", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "赵新月（1998-），女，湖北枣阳人，硕士研究生，2020于湖南科技大学获得学士学位，主要从事少模掺铒放大光纤的研究。 E-mail： zxy_27@hust.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818341&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818347&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818344&type=", "width": "24.89202881", "height": "29.88732910", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "赵新月" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1998-），女，湖北枣阳人，硕士研究生，2020于湖南科技大学获得学士学位，主要从事少模掺铒放大光纤的研究。 E-mail： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "zxy_27@hust.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "zxy_27@hust.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "邱", "givenname": "强", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "QIU", "givenname": "Qiang", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "褚", "givenname": "应波", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "CHU", "givenname": "Ying-bo", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "戴", "givenname": "能利", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "DAI", "givenname": "Neng-li", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "李", "givenname": "进延", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "LI", "givenname": "Jin-yan", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mail： ljy@hust.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mail： ljy@hust.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "李进延（1972-），男，青海西宁人，博士，教授，2001年于中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所获得博士学位，主要从事掺稀土光纤、光子晶体光纤等特种光纤、光纤激光器和光纤传感等领域的研究。 E-mail： ljy@hust.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818352&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818356&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818354&type=", "width": "24.89202881", "height": "29.88732910", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "李进延" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1972-），男，青海西宁人，博士，教授，2001年于中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所获得博士学位，主要从事掺稀土光纤、光子晶体光纤等特种光纤、光纤激光器和光纤传感等领域的研究。 E-mail： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ljy@hust.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "ljy@hust.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": "华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心，湖北武汉　430074", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心，湖北武汉　430074" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "text": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics， Huazhong University of Science and Technology， Wuhan 430074， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics， Huazhong University of Science and Technology， Wuhan 430074， China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于少模和多芯光纤的空分复用技术被认为是未来大幅提高单根光纤数据传输容量最重要的技术之一。采用少模光纤的空分复用技术要实现长距离传输，少模掺铒光纤放大器（Few⁃mode erbium⁃doped fiber amplifier，FM⁃EDFA）是补偿光纤传输损耗的关键器件，而少模掺铒光纤决定了FM⁃EDFA的性能。相对于单模掺铒光纤而言，少模掺铒光纤除了有增益、带宽、噪声等基本指标之外，还有一个独特的指标——差分模态增益。高差分模态增益会导致系统中断概率的提升，因此在少模掺铒光纤放大器中最小化差分模态增益以保持信号质量至关重要。本文系统阐述了差分模态增益的产生机理及改善策略，总结了少模掺铒光纤的不同设计，对比了采用不同设计及基于不同泵浦方式的少模掺铒放大光纤的性能特点，并对少模掺铒光纤的放大性能研究做出了展望。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Space division multiplexing technology based on few-mode fiber（FMF） and multi-core 　fiber is considered to be one of the most important technologies to greatly improve the data transmission capacity of a single fiber in the future. If we want to employ FMF in space division multiplexing to realize a long-haul transmission system， few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers（FM-EDFAs） will be a key block to compensate for the fiber transmission loss while its performance is determined by few-mode erbium-doped fiber（FM-EDF）. In addition to fundamental indexes like gain， bandwidth and noise figure， few-mode erbium-doped fiber has a unique index—differential modal gain（DMG） compared with the single-mode erbium-doped fiber. Minimizing DMG to maintain signal quality is critical in FM-EDFAs as the high differential modal gain can improve the potential for system outage. In this paper， the generation mechanism and improvement strategies of differential modal gain are systematically described， the different designs of FM-EDF are summarized， the performance characteristics of FM-EDF based on different pumping methods and different designs are compared， and the research on the performance of FM-EDF is prospected." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "少模掺铒光纤" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "少模掺铒光纤放大器" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "增益" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "差分模态增益" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "包层泵浦" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "纤芯泵浦" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "few-mode erbium-doped fiber" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "gain" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "differential modal gain" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "cladding-pumped" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "core-pumped" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引　　言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "随着下一代移动宽带技术的发展，人们对高数据速率（例如实时游戏，社交网络，云计算和大数据分析）的应用需求不断增加，但现有的单模光纤通信系统的传输容量已经趋近理论极限" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（香农极限）。因此，人们迫切地需要开发新的信息传输维度，来满足日益增长的网络容量需求。在单模光纤的其他复用维度，如波分复用、时分复用、正交频分复用、码分复用等已经被充分利用的基础上" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，且基于其传输带宽有限、不能实现无限扩展的事实，扩展光纤的空间维度，即对光纤进行空分复用，在大容量光纤通信系统中得到了广泛关注并迅速发展。基于少模光纤的模分复用技术，作为空分复用技术的一种，可进一步提高单根光纤的传输容量" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R3", "R4" ], "text": "3-4", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，自提出以来就广受研究者的青睐并得到了深入研究。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "少模掺铒光纤主要采用改进的化学气相沉积（Modified chemical vapor deposition，MCVD）工艺结合溶液掺杂技术" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "进行制备。通过对芯径、掺杂和折射率剖面等调控，使其支持多个空间传输模式。2011年，英国南安普顿大学" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "首次拉制出支持两种模式的少模掺铒光纤，采用980 nm激光进行后向泵浦，在1 550 ~1 560 nm波段实现了20 dB以上的增益。此后，不同类型的少模掺铒光纤开始出现，围绕少模掺铒放大光纤的制作工艺、传输模式数量、工作波长、增益、差分模态增益、噪声等方面展开。采用少模光纤作为传输线的空分复用技术要实现长距离传输，少模掺铒光纤放大器是补偿光纤传输损耗的关键器件" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。然而，在少模掺铒光纤放大器中，高差分模态增益（Differential modal gain，DMG）会导致系统中断概率的提高，影响信号质量" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "降低DMG可以从两个不同的方面来实现" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R9", "R10" ], "text": "9-10", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：一是从少模掺铒放大光纤入手，对铒离子掺杂分布（如环形掺杂" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R11", "R12", "R13", "R14", "R15", "R16", "R17", "R18", "R19", "R20", "R21" ], "text": "11-21", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、均匀掺杂" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R22", "R23" ], "text": "22-23", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、大面积掺杂" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等）及折射率的结构（如环形折射率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R25", "R26", "R27" ], "text": "25-27", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、折射率沟道" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " 、阶跃折射率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R29", "R30", "R31", "R32", "R33" ], "text": "29-33", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等）进行设计；二是从放大器结构入手，采用不同的泵浦方式（如纤芯泵浦" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R25", "R26", "R27" ], "text": "25-27", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R29", "R30", "R31", "R32", "R33" ], "text": "29-33", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、包层泵浦" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R22", "R23", "R24" ], "text": "22-24", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R34", "R35", "R36", "R37" ], "text": "34-37", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）进行调控。2018年，天津大学李桂芳课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出同时传输12个模群21个空间模式的具有折射率沟道辅助的双包层少模掺铒放大光纤，是目前可以实现的最大模式数目。采用包层泵浦的方式在1 530~1 565 nm波段实现了15 dB的平均增益，差分模态增益低于3 dB。未来，少模掺铒放大光纤将会传输越来越多的信号模式，所需要的泵浦能量也会越来越多。如何在实现更多模式的情况下增益更高、差分模态增益更低、少模掺铒光纤放大器的体积与能耗更低、少模掺铒放大光纤的制作工艺更简单等问题仍亟待解决，深入探究少模掺铒光纤的放大性能并更好地控制差分模态增益将对加速其产业化应用具有重要意义。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于DMG的产生机理，本文将从降低DMG的方式入手，分析少模掺铒光纤的不同结构设计，并对采用不同设计及基于不同泵浦方式的少模掺铒放大光纤的放大性能进行综述总结，最后对少模掺铒放大光纤的未来研究方向及发展趋势做出总结展望。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　差分模态增益" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在光纤波导中，电磁波在纵向（轴向）以“行波”的形式存在，在横向以“驻波”的形式存在。场分布沿轴向的变化只体现在相位上，场的强度不随轴向传播距离而变化。因此，可以对光纤中的光场进行纵横分离" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。对于三维模式光场，根据模场有无纵向分量，可以把光纤中的模式分为3类：（1）横电磁模（TEM），模式只有横向分量，而无纵向分量；（2）横电模（TE）或横磁模（TM），模式只有一个纵向分量；（3）混杂模（HE或EH），模式的两个纵向分量都不为0" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。一般光纤的相对折射率差值约为10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，此时，光纤纤芯的折射率近似等于包层的折射率，光纤对电磁波的约束和引导作用大为减弱，通常将这种近似称为“弱导近似”。在弱导近似下，具有相同色散方程的矢量模合并，又被称为线性偏振（Linear polarized，LP）模" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "从本质上来说，光纤中的横模是光波电磁场在光纤横截面上的一种空间分布形式，或者说是光纤横截面上的一种能量分布形式" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。模分复用作为空分复用的一种，是利用光纤中相互正交的传输模式作为独立的信道进行信号的并行传输，基于少模光纤的模分复用传输系统一般支持有限数目的线偏振模式。对于少模掺铒光纤放大器而言，除了放大器增益、噪声指数、工作波长、输出功率等常规放大器需要关注的特征参数之外，还有一个少模掺铒光纤放大器所特有的重要参数——差分模态增益。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "差分模态增益的产生机理及改善策略：定义信号模式" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "l" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在少模掺铒光纤放大器中传输的增益为" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "42", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（1）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

G_{l} (d B) = 10 l g_{10} (\frac{P_{l ⁃ o u t}}{P_{l ⁃ i n}}),

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818363&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818359&type=", "width": "35.72933197", "height": "9.05933285", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " " } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

P_{l ⁃ o u t}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818371&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818367&type=", "width": "6.09600019", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为第" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "l" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "个信号模式经过少模掺铒光纤放大器后输出的功率，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

P_{l ⁃ i n}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818379&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818375&type=", "width": "5.24933338", "height": "3.72533321", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为第" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "l" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "个信号模式输入到少模掺铒光纤放大器的功率。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "要实现少模掺铒光纤放大器的信号模式增益均衡，就要实现在同一信号波长下，信号模式" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "m" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的增益一致或相近，须有如下公式成立" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（2）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

\frac{d P^{m} (z)}{d z} = \frac{d P^{n} (z)}{d z}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818388&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818384&type=", "width": "27.26266861", "height": "7.61999989", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "定义交叠积分因子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R43", "R44" ], "text": "43-44", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（3）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

n_{p}^{s}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818396&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818392&type=", "width": "3.04800010", "height": "4.06400013", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "=" }, { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

\int_{0}^{2 π} \int_{0}^{a} i_{s}^{l} (r, φ) i_{p} (r, φ) n_{0} (r, φ) r d r d φ

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818405&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818401&type=", "width": "51.47733307", "height": "7.53533268", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "a" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为纤芯半径，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

i_{p} (r, φ)

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818412&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818409&type=", "width": "10.15999985", "height": "4.57200003", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "代表泵浦模式的归一化光强分布，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

i_{s}^{l} (r, φ)

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818420&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818416&type=", "width": "9.90600014", "height": "4.91066647", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "代表信号模式" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "l" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的归一化光强分布，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

n_{0} (r, φ)

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818431&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818424&type=", "width": "11.00666618", "height": "4.57200003", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为铒离子在光纤横截面上的分布。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "假设所有的信号模式在输入端" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "z" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " =0处具有相同的光强，而单一泵浦模式的光强远大于信号模式，若要" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "公式（2）", "type": "disp-formula", "rid": "DF2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "公式（2）" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "成立，需满足" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "：" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（4）" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

\int_{0}^{2 π} \int_{0}^{a} i_{s}^{m} (r, φ) i_{p} (r, φ) n_{0} (r, φ) r d r d φ

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818440&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818433&type=", "width": "52.15466690", "height": "7.53533268", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " =" }, { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

\int_{0}^{2 π} \int_{0}^{a} i_{s}^{n} (r, φ) i_{p} (r, φ) n_{0} (r, φ) r d r d φ

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818455&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818448&type=", "width": "52.06999969", "height": "7.53533268", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" } ], "id": "DF4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由此可见，相近的模场分布会具有更大的交叠积分因子" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

n_{p}^{s}

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818461&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818459&type=", "width": "3.04800010", "height": "4.06400013", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，即信号模式、泵浦模式和铒离子分布的交叠程度更大，则信号获得的增益更大。在少模掺铒光纤放大器中，DMG是由于放大过程中，每个信号模式光场、泵浦光场以及铒离子分布三者在光纤横截面的重叠不一致，导致不同模式在少模光纤中的放大所获得的增益不相同。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "因此，可以通过设计少模掺铒光纤的折射率剖面和铒离子浓度分布、调控泵浦模式配比来优化重叠因子，使每个信号模式的重叠积分尽可能相等，从而实现少模掺铒光纤放大器（Few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier，FM-EDFA）中不同模式之间的增益均衡。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　少模掺铒光纤设计" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对少模掺铒光纤的折射率剖面进行设计，可以调整光纤中传输的信号模式的模场分布，进而降低光纤中各模式交叠积分因子之间的差值，从而实现增益均衡。而对稀土掺杂离子的分布进行调控，可以通过调整铒离子的掺杂位置及浓度，使得各信号模式之间的重叠积分因子差异降低，从而实现DMG的降低。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2011年，英国南安普顿大学" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通过实验验证了采用光纤设计结合泵浦模场的控制来降低DMG，提出了两种折射率分布不同的少模掺铒放大光纤，分别用Fiber#1和Fiber#2表示。Fiber#1的纤芯中心折射率较高，Fiber#2的纤芯中心折射率较低，折射率分布分别如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）、（b）所示，铒离子掺杂剖面与光纤的折射率分布相似。在相同的实验条件下分别对Fiber#1和Fiber#2进行实验，采用偏置泵浦后向发射的方式，Fiber#2光纤中传输的LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式的平均增益为22 dB，DMG可以降到1 dB。实验结果表明，通过对少模掺铒光纤的纤芯中心折射率分布进行设计，结合对泵浦模场分布的控制，可以较好地实现FM-EDFA的增益均衡。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "少模掺铒放大光纤折射率分布。（a）Fiber#1；（b）Fiber#2" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Refractive index difference profile of few-mode erbium-doped amplified fiber. （a）Fiber#1. （b）Fiber#2" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818465&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818475&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818470&type=", "width": "136.30792236", "height": "43.59408569", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "而在纤芯的边缘引入一个折射率沟道，可以将模式都限制在纤芯内，从而使得每个模式的重叠积分因子尽可能相等，进而实现模式间增益均衡。2018年，印度理工学院仿真设计了一种沟道辅助型的折射率分布" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，光纤的折射率分布及掺杂分布如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示。通过在少模掺铒光纤的纤芯折射率边缘添加沟道，结合环形铒离子掺杂分布，即在纤芯的外围掺杂铒离子、而纤芯的中心不掺杂铒离子，可以较好地实现C波段FM-EDFA的增益均衡。对该少模掺铒光纤进行仿真模拟，采用LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式进行泵浦，通过调整沟道的宽度及折射率，可以实现5个模群（LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）的均衡放大，各模群的增益均达到20 dB以上，差分模态增益为0.45 dB左右。信号模式及泵浦模式的模斑图如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）所示。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）沟道辅助型折射率分布；（b）信号模式及泵浦模式的模斑图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Trench-assisted refractive index profile. （b）Mode profiles of signal and pump mode groups" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818479&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818488&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818482&type=", "width": "129.18766785", "height": "42.81359863", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对少模掺铒光纤铒离子掺杂剖面的设计除了环形掺杂分布之外，还有超过纤芯范围的大面积掺杂。由于不同模式的模场半径不同，有的模式的模场半径可能会超过纤芯，而超过纤芯范围的大面积掺杂可以覆盖到所有的模式，降低模式间重叠积分因子的差异，从而实现增益均衡。2016年，日本KDDI电信公司" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的研究人员提出了超过纤芯范围的大面积铒掺杂少模放大光纤，纤芯直径为12.5 " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

μ

μ

μ

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818595&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818593&type=", "width": "2.11666679", "height": "2.87866688", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "m" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "泵浦方式" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "工作波长/nm" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "光纤长度/m" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Gain/dB" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "DMG/dB" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "NF/dB" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献" } ] } ] ], "body": [ [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2013" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "环形掺杂" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "阶跃折射率" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.4/—" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "前向泵浦" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1 530~1 565" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": ">15" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.5" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "<5.5" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2014" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "环形掺杂" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "阶跃折射率" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18.7/163" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "双向泵浦" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1 535~1 560" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": ">20" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2015" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "环形掺杂" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "环形折射率" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8.8/124.8" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "前向泵浦" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1 530~1 560" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "<0.8" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "<5" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2015" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "环形掺杂" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "环形折射率" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18/—" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "双向泵浦" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1 570~1 600" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "<1" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2016" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "均匀掺杂" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "阶跃折射率" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/163" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "前向泵浦" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1 535~1 565" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": ">10" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2017" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "环形掺杂" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "环形折射率" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18/—" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "前向泵浦" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1 570~1 605" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4.5" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "<8.2" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2019" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "双环掺杂" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "阶跃折射率" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20/" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "前向泵浦" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1 530~1 565" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.85" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "<9" } ] }, { "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ], [ { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2020" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "均匀掺杂" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "阶跃折射率" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—/—" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "前向泵浦" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1 530~1 570" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "—" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ], "graphics": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818532&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818529&type=", "width": "162.80000305", "height": "70.02481079", "fontsize": "" } } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2013年，美国NEC实验室的研究人员" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出了具有阶跃折射率分布的环形少模掺铒放大光纤，结合980 nm泵浦光源、以LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式为泵浦模式对少模掺铒放大光纤进行纤芯泵浦，将LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式和LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式之间的差分模态增益降到了2.5 dB以下。2014年，英国南安普顿大学光电子研究中心" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "采用LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式作为泵浦模式，对具有环形掺杂的少模掺铒放大光纤进行泵浦。少模掺铒光纤的掺杂结构如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示，折射率剖面及掺杂离子浓度分布如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）所示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，实现了波长在 1 535~1 560 nm范围内4个模式20 dB以上的增益，差分模态增益小于3 dB。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "环形铒掺杂少模光纤。（a）铒离子径向分布" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；（b）折射率剖面及掺杂离子浓度分布" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；（c）不同信号模式的增益随波长变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Few-mode erbium ring-doped fiber. （a）Radial distribution of erbium ions" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）Fiber refractive index /doping profile" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （c）Modal gain as a function of wavelength across the C-band" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818535&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818542&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818537&type=", "width": "163.77133179", "height": "44.21276855", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2015年，日本电报电话公司同样提出具有阶跃折射率的环形掺铒光纤，结合LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式的泵浦优化，在1 530~1 560 nm波段" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和1 570~1600 nm波段" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "均实现了1 dB以下的差分模态增益。2016年，美国中佛罗里达大学" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "使用自制少模掺铒放大光纤，结合模式选择光子灯笼来控制泵浦模式含量，选择LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式作为泵浦模式，在1 535~ 1 565 nm波段实现了4个模群的同时放大，增益大于10 dB，差分模态增益小于5 dB。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2017年，日本电报电话公司" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为了减小少模掺铒放大光纤与具有渐变折射率结构的传输光纤之间的模场不匹配情况，对比设计了两种不同折射率结构的环形少模掺铒放大光纤：一种是具有环形剖面的阶跃折射率结构，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示；" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）是根据" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）的设计拉制出来的光纤的实际铒离子掺杂及相对折射率分布，选择LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式进行纤芯前向泵浦，可以在1 570~ 1 605 nm波段实现LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "三个模群15 dB以上的增益，差分模态增益低于6 dB，噪声指数低于10 dB，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c）所示。另一种是中心凹陷的阶跃折射率结构，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示；" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）是根据" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）的设计拉制出来的光纤的实际铒离子掺杂及相对折射率分布，同样选择LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式进行纤芯前向泵浦，可以在1 570~ 1 605 nm波段实现21 dB的平均增益，差分模态增益低于4.5 dB，噪声指数低于8 dB。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）环形剖面的相对折射率及铒离子掺杂分布设计图；（b）环形剖面的相对折射率及铒离子掺杂分布实际图；（c）不同信号模式的增益及噪声随波长变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Relative index and erbium concentration profile（filled region） of ring-shaped core profile for both erbium concentration and refractive index. （b）Refractive index profiles and erbium concentration profiles. （c）Gain and NF spectra for every mode as a function of wavelength across the C-band" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818545&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818551&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818548&type=", "width": "161.60409546", "height": "39.30685425", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）中心凹陷的相对折射率及铒离子掺杂分布设计图；（b）中心凹陷的相对折射率及铒离子掺杂分布实际图；（c）不同信号模式的增益及噪声随波长变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Relative index and erbium concentration profile（filled region） of center depressed core profile for erbium concentration and refractive index. （b）Refractive index profiles and erbium concentration profiles. （c）Gain and NF spectra for every mode as a function of wavelength across the C-band" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818555&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818561&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818560&type=", "width": "163.09228516", "height": "39.36828613", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2018年，法国里尔第一大学再次提出使用微结构纤芯组合再拉制的方法制作少模掺铒放大光纤" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，实现微结构少模掺铒放大光纤的过程示意图如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示。纤芯区域支持由19根铒离子均匀掺杂的纤芯间的光耦合产生的超模，这些超模在19根铒离子掺杂的纤芯中呈现极大值，从而增加了信号光模式、泵浦光模式与铒离子掺杂之间的重叠积分。通过仿真，结合LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31a" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22a" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式进行泵浦，该微结构少模掺铒放大光纤可以实现6个模群19 dB的平均增益，差分模态增益小于1.1 dB，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）所示。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）微结构少模掺铒放大光纤的实现过程示意图；（b）不同信号模式的增益及DMG随波长变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Schematic description of the process used to realize a few-mode amplified fiber with micro structure. （b）Gain and DMG spectra for every mode as a function of wavelength across the C-band" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818562&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818565&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818563&type=", "width": "163.99475098", "height": "42.73121643", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2019年，天津大学李小英课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出了一种具有双环形掺杂结构的少模掺铒放大光纤，双环少模掺铒放大光纤的截面图如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示。在拉制的过程中，由于离子的扩散效应以及其他缺陷，导致铒离子的分布与最初的设计相异，呈现“蝙蝠侠”状，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）所示。光纤具有简单的双环形结构，其中，外环的铒离子浓度高于内环的铒离子浓度。在LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式进行纤芯前向泵浦的情况下，可以在1 530~1 565 nm波段实现四模群15 dB以上的增益，差分模态增益小于4 dB，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c）所示；噪声指数低于9 dB，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（d）所示。采用双环形铒离子掺杂分布，且两个环的铒离子浓度不同，仅调控铒离子的浓度及分布，最终实现四模群的增益均衡。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "双环形少模掺铒放大光纤。（a）铒离子分布截面图；（b）相对折射率及铒离子浓度分布；（c）不同信号模式的增益随波长变化；（d）不同信号模式的噪声指数随波长变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "FM-EDFA with two-layer erbium-doped structure. （a）Cross section of the erbium ions. （b）The profile of the relative refractive index and erbium ion concentration. （c）Gain spectra for every mode as a function of wavelength across the C-band. （d）NF spectra for every mode as a function of wavelength across the C-band" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818567&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818572&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818569&type=", "width": "161.90362549", "height": "41.75610352", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2020年，日本电报电话公司" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出采用飞秒激光技术在少模掺铒光纤的纤芯中刻蚀空隙来减少差分模态增益，基于激光刻蚀技术的概念图如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）也显示了在1 550 nm处计算的LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "模式的电场分布，从图中可以看出，当空隙的直径为5 " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

μ

μ

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818581&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818580&type=", "width": "2.53999996", "height": "3.38666677", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "m的空隙进行实验，采用纤芯泵浦的泵浦方式，实验结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）所示。在1 530~1 570 nm范围内实现了23 dB的平均增益，差分模态增益在 1 dB左右，极大地降低了少模掺铒放大光纤的DMG。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F10", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）基于激光刻蚀降低DMG技术概念图；（b）不同信号模式的增益和DMG随波长变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Conceptual diagram of laser inscription based DMG reduction technique. （b）Gain and DMG spectra for every mode as a function of wavelength across the C-band" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818584&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818591&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818587&type=", "width": "149.18218994", "height": "42.05235291", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于基于纤芯泵浦的少模掺铒放大光纤而言，从模式数量角度来分析，随着光纤传输的空间模式增加到10个以上或者更多，单模泵浦很难满足泵浦功率的要求。若使用多个单模泵浦并行来满足泵浦要求，原理上可行，但造价极其昂贵且体积较大，不利于FM-EDFA投入使用。此外，基于纤芯泵浦的少模掺铒放大光纤需要特殊结构的少模掺铒光纤以使得不同模式的信号光场、泵浦光场及铒离子分布之间的重叠差异最小，从而降低差分模态增益。随着模式数量的增多，为了实现模态均衡，会对光纤的设计、制备以及泵浦模态的调控提出更高的要求，从而限制了可用模式通道的数量。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5　包层泵浦少模掺铒光纤及其放大器" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "当少模掺铒放大光纤采用包层泵浦时，100多种空间泵浦模式在少模掺铒光纤的包层中传输" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "49", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R49", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "49" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，泵浦功率近似均匀分布于光纤的横截面上。此时，泵浦模场的影响可以忽略，FM-EDFA的差分模态增益仅由信号模式强度和铒离子分布的重叠决定。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表2", "type": "table", "rid": "T2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "给出了基于包层泵浦的少模掺铒光纤及其放大器的实验研究进展。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于包层泵浦的少模掺铒光纤及其放大器的实验研究进展" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Review of few-mode erbium-doped fiber and its corresponding amplifier based on cladding-pumped" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "年份" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "支持模式" } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结构" } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "折射率" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结构" } ] } ] }, { "align": "center", "style": "border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "光纤尺寸/" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "math": "

μ

μ

", "graphicsData": { "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818605&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818603&type=", "width": "2.53999996", "height": "3.38666677", "fontsize": "" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "m）以支持更多的模式，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示。同时，结合前向包层泵浦的实验方式，对LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "七个模群同时进行放大，在C波段实现了17 dB的增益，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）所示，差分模态增益低于2 dB。2017年，美国中佛罗里达大学" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出支持8个模群的大芯径光纤，在C波段实现了16 dB的增益，差分模态增益降到0.2 dB。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F11", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）大芯径少模掺铒放大光纤截面图及传输模群的模斑图；（b）增益随频率变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Erbium-doped fiber facet image and modal patterns from each mode group. （b）Gain spectrum as a function of frequency across the C-band" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818607&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818615&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818612&type=", "width": "133.88317871", "height": "45.19723511", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2018年，天津大学李桂芳课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出同时传输12个模群21个空间模式的具有折射率沟道辅助的双包层少模掺铒放大光纤，其光纤截面如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示，相对折射率分布如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " （b）所示，铒离子掺杂浓度如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " （c）所示。使用多模980 nm泵浦光源对其进行前向包层泵浦放大，在 1 530~1 565 nm波段实现了15 dB的平均增益，差分模态增益低于3 dB，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " （d）所示。折射率沟道的存在将信号模式的模场分布很好地束缚在纤芯中，优化了各模式的重叠积分因子，从而实现了少模掺铒放大光纤的增益均衡。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F12", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "双包层少模掺铒放大光纤。（a）截面图；（b）相对折射率分布；（c）铒离子浓度分布；（d）不同信号模群的增益随波长变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Double cladding erbium-doped fiber. （a）Cross section. （b）Refractive index profile. （c）Erbium distribution along the fiber radius position. （d）Gain spectra for every mode as a function of wavelength across the C-band" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818618&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818624&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818621&type=", "width": "128.88494873", "height": "72.43484497", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2022年，华中科技大学李进延课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提出了一种新型的包层泵浦伪两级结构，通过在Er/Yb共掺双包层少模放大光纤的中间注入泵浦光，对少模光纤进行放大。Er/Yb共掺双包层少模放大光纤的截面图及折射率分布如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）所示，有源光纤的前半段主要由后向传输的泵浦光和C波段的后向放大自发辐射（Amplified spontaneous emission, ASE）进行放大；而后，前半段输出的C波段多模正向ASE作为纤芯泵浦源对后半段有源光纤进行放大，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " （b）所示，有效利用C波段的ASE作为L波段的泵浦。使用940 nm泵浦光源，通过调节前后两段有源光纤的长度，最终实现了1 570~1 620 nm范围内25 dB的平均增益，差分模态增益小于1 dB，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " （c）所示。该结构创新性地在少模掺铒放大光纤中同时采用纤芯泵浦与包层泵浦，充分利用ASE，有效地降低了DMG。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F13", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）铒镱共掺少模掺铒放大光纤的相对折射率分布及截面图；（b）包层泵浦伪二级结构图解；（c）不同信号模式的增益随波长变化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Refractive index profile and the cross section image of the few-mode Er/Yb co-doped fiber. （b）Schematic of the cladding-pumped pseudo-two-stage. （c）Gain spectra for every mode as a function of wavelength across the L-band" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "［" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818628&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818634&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=39818631&type=", "width": "152.94732666", "height": "79.59127808", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "采用包层泵浦的泵浦方式时，使用多模泵浦激光器不需要特定的泵浦状态，相比纤芯泵浦的泵浦方式而言，多模泵浦激光器的泵浦功率更高，且成本较低；随着空间模式数量的增多，驱动和控制单个多模泵浦激光器所需要的电力通常低于驱动多个单模泵浦激光器所需要的电力。因此，采用包层泵浦的泵浦方式更方便，更经济环保，更可持续发展" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "49", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R49", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "49" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于包层泵浦的FM-EDFA，差分模态增益仅由信号模式强度和铒离子分布的重叠决定。因此，采用包层泵浦可以实现更高的饱和输出功率、更小的差分模态增益。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6　总结与展望" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s6" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于少模光纤的空分复用技术有望大幅提高单根光纤内的数据传输容量，是未来大容量光通信技术发展的重要技术之一。近年来，研究人员对少模掺铒放大光纤进行了深入研究，支持的空间模式从3个扩展到21个不等。当光纤中包含的模式数目开始增多、不同的模式在光纤中同时传输放大时，上下能级的铒离子将产生竞争效应，使得光纤中上下能级的铒离子重新分配，此时上下能级的铒离子分布将受到泵浦光场、信号光场等的共同作用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。少模掺铒放大光纤掺杂剖面及折射率分布的设计和泵浦方式的选择为降低DMG提供了解决办法。采用纤芯泵浦的少模掺铒放大光纤模式扩展困难，需要特殊结构的掺铒光纤或泵浦状态来减小差分模态增益，限制因素过多，难以搭建多级系统从而实现高增益。而采用包层泵浦的少模掺铒放大光纤，泵浦功率高且近乎均匀分布于纤芯上，饱和输出功率大，差分模态增益小，限制条件少，更容易实现多级放大，成本更低。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "展望未来，对少模掺铒放大光纤的研究还有很大的探索空间：增加信号传输的模式数量、优化少模掺铒放大光纤的结构、实现复杂掺杂分布及折射率分布的工艺优化、能够批量生产、与少模掺铒光纤放大器中的其他器件（如隔离器、偏振控制器、合束器等）完美匹配等。我们期待少模掺铒光纤的放大性能有更进一步的提升，使其在市场应用中发挥作用并带来重大突破，最终开拓出模分复用更深层次的应用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址：" }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/" } ], "href": "http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/" } } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CJL.20220246." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "1", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ESSIAMBRE R J" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "MECOZZI A" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Capacity limits in single-mode fiber and scaling for spatial multiplexing" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2012 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Los Angeles， CA， USA" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2012" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "3" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Capacity limits in single-mode fiber and scaling for spatial multiplexing" } ] }, { "id": "R2", "label": "2", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "赵清华" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "少模掺铒光纤放大器增益均衡的研究" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［D］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "天津" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "天津大学" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "少模掺铒光纤放大器增益均衡的研究" }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHAO Q H" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Research in Gain Equalization of Few Mode Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［D］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tianjin" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tianjin University" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "（in Chinese）" } ], "title": "Research in Gain Equalization of Few Mode Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier" } ] }, { "id": "R3", "label": "3", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LI G F" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "BAI N" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ZHAO N B" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Space-division multiplexing： the next frontier in optical communication" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Adv. Opt. Photonics" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2014" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "6" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "4" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "413" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "487" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Space-division multiplexing： the next frontier in optical communication" } ] }, { "id": "R4", "label": "4", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "DU J B" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SHEN W H" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LIU J C" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Mode division multiplexing： from photonic integration to optical fiber transmission ［Invited］" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Chin. Opt. Lett." }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2021" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "19" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "9" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "091301-1-24" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Mode division multiplexing： from photonic integration to optical fiber transmission ［Invited］" } ] }, { "id": "R5", "label": "5", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "衣永青" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "田海生" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "宁鼎" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "MCVD工艺沉积温度对有源光纤掺杂浓度的影响研究" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "光通信技术" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2007" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "60" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "61" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.3969/j.issn.1002-5561.2007.01.020" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-5561.2007.01.020" } } ], "title": "MCVD工艺沉积温度对有源光纤掺杂浓度的影响研究" }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "YI Y Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "TIAN H S" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "NING D" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Study of the influence of the deposition temperature by using the MCVD technique on the rare earth ion concentration of active fiber" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Commun. Technol." }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2007" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "60" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "61" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "（in Chinese）" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.3969/j.issn.1002-5561.2007.01.020" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-5561.2007.01.020" } } ], "title": "Study of the influence of the deposition temperature by using the MCVD technique on the rare earth ion concentration of active fiber" } ] }, { "id": "R6", "label": "6", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "JUNG Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ALAM S" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LI Z" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "First demonstration and detailed characterization of a multimode amplifier for space division multiplexed transmission systems" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2011" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "19" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "26" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "B952" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "B957" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "First demonstration and detailed characterization of a multimode amplifier for space division multiplexed transmission systems" } ] }, { "id": "R7", "label": "7", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "IP E" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LI M J" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "GU R Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Components for future optical networks based on few-mode fiber" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Asia Communications and Photonics Conference 2013" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Beijing， China" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2013" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "AW3G.3" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.1364/acp.2013.aw3g.3" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acp.2013.aw3g.3" } } ], "title": "Components for future optical networks based on few-mode fiber" } ] }, { "id": "R8", "label": "8", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "HO K P" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KAHN J M" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Mode-dependent loss and gain： statistics and effect on mode-division multiplexing" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2011" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "19" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "17" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "16612" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "16635" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Mode-dependent loss and gain： statistics and effect on mode-division multiplexing" } ] }, { "id": "R9", "label": "9", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "余哲" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "徐祖应" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "付松年" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "空分复用传输用掺铒光纤研究进展" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "邮电设计技术" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2018" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "6" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "77" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "82" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.12045/issn1007-3043.2018.06.18" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.12045/issn1007-3043.2018.06.18" } } ], "title": "空分复用传输用掺铒光纤研究进展" }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "YU Z" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "XU Z Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "FU S N" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Review of erbium-doped fiber for space-division multiplexing transmisison" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Des. Techn. Posts Telecommun." }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2018" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "6" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "77" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "82" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "（in Chinese）" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.12045/issn1007-3043.2018.06.18" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.12045/issn1007-3043.2018.06.18" } } ], "title": "Review of erbium-doped fiber for space-division multiplexing transmisison" } ] }, { "id": "R10", "label": "10", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "裴丽" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "李祉祺" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "王建帅" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "等" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "空分复用光纤放大器增益均衡技术研究进展" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "光学学报" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2021" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "41" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "0106001-1-11" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.3788/aos202141.0106001" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202141.0106001" } } ], "title": "空分复用光纤放大器增益均衡技术研究进展" }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "PEI L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LI Z Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "WANG J S" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Review on gain equalization technology of fiber amplifier using space division multiplexing" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Acta Opt. Sinica" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2021" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "41" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "0106001-1-11" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "（in Chinese）" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.3788/aos202141.0106001" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202141.0106001" } } ], "title": "Review on gain equalization technology of fiber amplifier using space division multiplexing" } ] }, { "id": "R11", "label": "11", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SALSI M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "RYF R" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LE COCQ G" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "A six-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication 2012" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Amsterdam， Netherlands" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2012" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Th.3.A.6" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.1364/eceoc.2012.th.3.a.6" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/eceoc.2012.th.3.a.6" } } ], "title": "A six-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier" } ] }, { "id": "R12", "label": "12", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LE COCQ G" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "BIGOT L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LE ROUGE A" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Design and characterization of a multimode EDFA supporting 4 transverse mode groups for modal division multiplexed transmissions" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Proceedings of the 38th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Amsterdam， Netherlands" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2012" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tu.3.F.4" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Design and characterization of a multimode EDFA supporting 4 transverse mode groups for modal division multiplexed transmissions" } ] }, { "id": "R13", "label": "13", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "MATTE-BRETON C" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "CHEN H" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "FONTAINE N K" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Demonstration of an erbium-doped fiber with annular doping for low gain compression in cladding-pumped amplifiers" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2018" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "26" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "20" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "26633" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "26645" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.1364/OE.26.026633" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.026633" } } ], "title": "Demonstration of an erbium-doped fiber with annular doping for low gain compression in cladding-pumped amplifiers" } ] }, { "id": "R14", "label": "14", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SALSI M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "VUONG J" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KOEBELE C" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "In-line few-mode optical amplifier with erbium profile tuned to support LP01， LP11， and LP21 mode groups" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Proceedings of the 38th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Amsterdam， Netherlands" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2012" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tu.3.F1" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "In-line few-mode optical amplifier with erbium profile tuned to support LP01， LP11， and LP21 mode groups" } ] }, { "id": "R15", "label": "15", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "KANG Q Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LIM E L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "JUNG Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Accurate modal gain control in a multimode erbium doped fiber amplifier incorporating ring doping and a simple LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " pump configuration" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2012" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "20" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "19" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "20835" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "20843" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.1364/OE.20.020835" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.020835" } } ], "title": "Accurate modal gain control in a multimode erbium doped fiber amplifier incorporating ring doping and a simple LP01 pump configuration" } ] }, { "id": "R16", "label": "16", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LE COCQ G" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "BIGOT L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LE ROUGE A" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Modeling and characterization of a few-mode EDFA supporting four mode groups for mode division multiplexing" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2012" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "20" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "24" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "27051" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "27061" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Modeling and characterization of a few-mode EDFA supporting four mode groups for mode division multiplexing" } ] }, { "id": "R17", "label": "17", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "KANG Q Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LIM E" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "JUNG Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Design of four-mode erbium doped fiber amplifier with low differential modal gain for modal division multiplexed transmissions" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Anaheim， CA， USA" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2013" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "3" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Design of four-mode erbium doped fiber amplifier with low differential modal gain for modal division multiplexed transmissions" } ] }, { "id": "R18", "label": "18", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "YOUSSEF H A" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "EL-SAHN Z A" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "EL-ZOGHABI A A" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Performance of few-mode EDFAs in optical space-division multiplexed communication systems" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2014 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Shanghai， China" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2014" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ATh3A.81" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Performance of few-mode EDFAs in optical space-division multiplexed communication systems" } ] }, { "id": "R19", "label": "19", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SALSI M" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Challenges of few mode amplifiers" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2014" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "San Francisco， CA， USA" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2014" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tu2D.2" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Challenges of few mode amplifiers" } ] }, { "id": "R20", "label": "20", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ANWAR N M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "YOUSSEF H A" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "EL-SAHN Z A" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "On the performance of few-mode EDFAs with bidirectional pumping" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Wuhan， China" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "3" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "On the performance of few-mode EDFAs with bidirectional pumping" } ] }, { "id": "R21", "label": "21", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG Z Z" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "MO Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "GUO C" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Gain equalized four mode groups erbium doped fiber amplifier with LP" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "01" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " pump" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Asia Communications and Photonics Conference 2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Wuhan， China" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ATh3B.5" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Gain equalized four mode groups erbium doped fiber amplifier with LP01 pump" } ] }, { "id": "R22", "label": "22", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "EZNAVEH Z S" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "FONTAINE N K" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "CHEN H" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ultra-low DMG multimode EDFA" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2017" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Los Angeles， California， United States" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2017" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Th4A.4" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Ultra-low DMG multimode EDFA" } ] }, { "id": "R23", "label": "23", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG Z Z" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "GUO C" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "CUI L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "21 spatial mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier for mode division multiplexing transmission" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Lett." }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2018" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "43" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "7" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1550" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1553" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "21 spatial mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier for mode division multiplexing transmission" } ] }, { "id": "R24", "label": "24", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "WAKAYAMA Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "IGARASHI K" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SOMA D" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Novel 6-mode fibre amplifier with large erbium-doped area for differential modal gain minimization" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Proceedings of the 42nd European Conference on Optical Communication" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Dusseldorf， Germany" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "3" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Novel 6-mode fibre amplifier with large erbium-doped area for differential modal gain minimization" } ] }, { "id": "R25", "label": "25", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "WADA M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SAKAMOTO T" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "AOZASA S" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Differential modal gain reduction of L-band 5-mode EDFA using EDF with center depressed core index" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "J. Lightw. Technol." }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2017" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "35" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "4" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "762" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "767" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Differential modal gain reduction of L-band 5-mode EDFA using EDF with center depressed core index" } ] }, { "id": "R26", "label": "26", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ONO H" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "HOSOKAWA T" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ICHII K" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2-LP mode few-mode fiber amplifier employing ring-core erbium-doped fiber" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2015" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "23" }, { "name": "text", "data": " （" }, { "name": "text", "data": "21" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "27405" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "27418" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "2-LP mode few-mode fiber amplifier employing ring-core erbium-doped fiber" } ] }, { "id": "R27", "label": "27", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "WADA M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SAKAMOTO T" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "AOZASA S" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "L-band 2-LP mode EDFA with low modal dependent gain" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Optical Fiber Communication Conference" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Los Angeles， California， United States" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2015" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tu3C.3" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "L-band 2-LP mode EDFA with low modal dependent gain" } ] }, { "id": "R28", "label": "28", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "JUNG Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LIM E L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KANG Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Cladding pumped few-mode EDFA for mode division multiplexed transmission" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2014" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "22" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "23" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "29008" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "29013" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Cladding pumped few-mode EDFA for mode division multiplexed transmission" } ] }, { "id": "R29", "label": "29", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "IP E" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LI M J" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "BENNETT K" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Experimental characterization of a ring-profile few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier enabling gain equalization" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Anaheim， California， United States" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2013" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "JTh2A.18" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": " doi: " }, { "name": "extlink", "data": { "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10.1364/nfoec.2013.jth2a.18" } ], "href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nfoec.2013.jth2a.18" } } ], "title": "Experimental characterization of a ring-profile few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier enabling gain equalization" } ] }, { "id": "R30", "label": "30", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "JUNG Y M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KANG Q Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SAHU J K" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Reconfigurable modal gain control of a few-mode EDFA supporting six spatial modes" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett." }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2014" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "26" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "11" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1100" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1103" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Reconfigurable modal gain control of a few-mode EDFA supporting six spatial modes" } ] }, { "id": "R31", "label": "31", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LOPEZ-GALMICHE G" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "EZNAVEH Z S" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ANTONIO-LOPEZ J E" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier with photonic lantern for pump spatial mode control" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Lett." }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "41" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "11" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2588" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "2591" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier with photonic lantern for pump spatial mode control" } ] }, { "id": "R32", "label": "32", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG Z Z" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "GUO C" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "CUI L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "All-fiber few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier supporting six spatial modes" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Chin. Opt. Lett." }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2019" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "17" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "10" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "100604-1-5" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "All-fiber few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier supporting six spatial modes" } ] }, { "id": "R33", "label": "33", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "YAMASHITA Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "MATSUI T" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "WADA M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Differential modal gain reduction using a void inscribed in a two-mode-erbium doped fiber" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2020 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "San Diego， CA， USA" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2020" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "3" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Differential modal gain reduction using a void inscribed in a two-mode-erbium doped fiber" } ] }, { "id": "R34", "label": "34", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "JAIN S" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "JUNG Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "MAY-SMITH T C" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Few-mode multi-element fiber amplifier for mode division multiplexing" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2014" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "22" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "23" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "29031" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "29036" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Few-mode multi-element fiber amplifier for mode division multiplexing" } ] }, { "id": "R35", "label": "35", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "FONTAINE N K" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "HUANG B" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "EZNAVEH Z S" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Multi-mode optical fiber amplifier supporting over 10 spatial modes" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Anaheim， California， United States" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Th5A.4" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Multi-mode optical fiber amplifier supporting over 10 spatial modes" } ] }, { "id": "R36", "label": "36", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG Z Z" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ZHAO Q H" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ZHAO N B" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Gain equalization of few mode amplifiers using Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-doped fibers designed with a refraction index trench" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Asia Communications and Photonics Conference 2015" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Hong Kong， China" }, { "name": "text", "data": "，" }, { "name": "text", "data": "2015" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ASu2A.53" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Gain equalization of few mode amplifiers using Er3+-doped fibers designed with a refraction index trench" } ] }, { "id": "R37", "label": "37", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QIU Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "HE L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "GU Z M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Extended L-band few-mode Er/Yb co-doped fiber amplifier with a cladding-pumped pseudo-two-stage configuration" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Lett." }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2022" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "47" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "12" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2963" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "2966" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Extended L-band few-mode Er/Yb co-doped fiber amplifier with a cladding-pumped pseudo-two-stage configuration" } ] }, { "id": "R38", "label": "38", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "刘德明" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "孙军强" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "鲁平" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "等" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "光纤光学" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［M］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "第3版" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "北京" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "科学出版社" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "光纤光学" }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LIU D M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SUN J Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LU P" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Fiber Optics" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［M］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "3rd ed" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Beijing" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Science Press" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "（in Chinese）" } ], "title": "Fiber Optics" } ] }, { "id": "R39", "label": "39", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "张振振" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "少模掺铒光纤放大器的仿真研究" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［D］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "天津" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "天津大学" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2015" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "少模掺铒光纤放大器的仿真研究" }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG Z Z" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "The Simulation Research of Few⁃mode Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［D］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tianjin" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tianjin University" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2015" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "（in Chinese）" } ], "title": "The Simulation Research of Few⁃mode Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier" } ] }, { "id": "R40", "label": "40", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "蔡善勇" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "空分复用光纤通信系统中模式转换关键技术研究" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［D］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "北京" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "北京邮电大学" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2017" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "空分复用光纤通信系统中模式转换关键技术研究" }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CAI S Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Research on Mode Conversion for Space Division Multiplexing System" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［D］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Beijing" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2017" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "（in Chinese）" } ], "title": "Research on Mode Conversion for Space Division Multiplexing System" } ] }, { "id": "R41", "label": "41", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LIM E L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KANG Q Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "GECEVICIUS M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Vector mode effects in few moded erbium doped fiber amplifiers" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2013" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Anaheim， California， United States" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2013" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "OTu3G.2" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Vector mode effects in few moded erbium doped fiber amplifiers" } ] }, { "id": "R42", "label": "42", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "李嘉强" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "C和L波段掺铒光纤放大器的研究" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［D］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "天津" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "天津大学" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2005" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "C和L波段掺铒光纤放大器的研究" }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LI J Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Study on C⁃ and L⁃band Erbium⁃doped Fiber Amplifiers" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［D］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tianjin" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tianjin University" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2005" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "（in Chinese）" } ], "title": "Study on C⁃ and L⁃band Erbium⁃doped Fiber Amplifiers" } ] }, { "id": "R43", "label": "43", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GONG M L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "YUAN Y Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LI C" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Numerical modeling of transverse mode competition in strongly pumped multimode fiber lasers and amplifiers" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2007" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "15" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "6" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "3236" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "3246" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Numerical modeling of transverse mode competition in strongly pumped multimode fiber lasers and amplifiers" } ] }, { "id": "R44", "label": "44", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GILES C R" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "DESURVIRE E" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "J. Lightw. Technol." }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1991" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "9" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "2" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "271" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "283" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers" } ] }, { "id": "R45", "label": "45", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GAUR A" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "RASTOGI V" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Modal gain equalization of 18 modes using a single-trench ring-core EDFA" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "J. Opt. Soc. Am. B" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2018" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "35" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "9" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2211" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "2216" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Modal gain equalization of 18 modes using a single-trench ring-core EDFA" } ] }, { "id": "R46", "label": "46", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LE COCQ G" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "QUIQUEMPOIS Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LE ROUGE A" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Few-mode Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-doped fiber with micro-structured core for mode division multiplexing in the C-band" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2013" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "21" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "25" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "31646" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "31659" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Few-mode Er3+-doped fiber with micro-structured core for mode division multiplexing in the C-band" } ] }, { "id": "R47", "label": "47", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "JUNG Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KANG Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SLEIFFER V A J M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Three mode Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ring-doped fiber amplifier for mode-division multiplexed transmission" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［J］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Opt. Express" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2013" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "21" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "text", "data": "8" }, { "name": "text", "data": "）： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "10383" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "10392" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Three mode Er3+ ring-doped fiber amplifier for mode-division multiplexed transmission" } ] }, { "id": "R48", "label": "48", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "BIGOT L" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "TRINEL J B" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "BOUWMANS G" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Few-mode and multicore fiber amplifiers technology for SDM" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［C］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2018" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "San Diego， California， United States" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2018" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Tu3B.2" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Few-mode and multicore fiber amplifiers technology for SDM" } ] }, { "id": "R49", "label": "49", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "JUNG Y M" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ALAM S U" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Handbook of Optical Fibers" }, { "name": "text", "data": " ［M］. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Singapore" }, { "name": "text", "data": "： " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Springer" }, { "name": "text", "data": "， " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2018" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Handbook of Optical Fibers" } ] } ] }, "response": [], "contributions": [], "acknowledgements": [], "conflict": [], "supportedby": [], "articlemeta": { "doi": "10.37188/CJL.20220246", "clc": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "O436" } ] ], "dc": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ], "publisherid": "1000-7032（2022）12-1915-13", "citeme": [ { "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "赵新月,邱强,褚应波等.少模掺铒光纤及其放大器研究进展[J].发光学报,2022,43(12):1915-1927." } ], "text": "赵新月,邱强,褚应波等.少模掺铒光纤及其放大器研究进展[J].发光学报,2022,43(12):1915-1927." }, { "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHAO Xin-yue,QIU Qiang,CHU Ying-bo,et al.Research Progress on Few-mode Erbium-doped Fiber and Its Corresponding Amplifier[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2022,43(12):1915-1927." } ], "text": "ZHAO Xin-yue,QIU Qiang,CHU Ying-bo,et al.Research Progress on Few-mode Erbium-doped Fiber and Its Corresponding Amplifier[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2022,43(12):1915-1927." } ], "fundinggroup": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "国家自然科学基金（61805093）资助项目" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（61805093）" } ] } ], "history": { "received": "2022-06-23", "revised": "2022-07-09", "ppub": "2022-12-05", "opub": "2023-02-13" } }, "appendix": [], "type": "research-article", "ethics": [], "supplementary": [], "journalTitle": "发光学报", "issue": "12", "volume": "43", "originalSource": [] }

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Gain Study of CdSe/CdS/ZnS Quantum Dots Doped Fiber

Design and Fabrication of 970 nm Reflection-mode Vertical Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Gain under The Effect of Tuned Coupling Field

Gain Stability of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

Related Author

Jin-yan LI

Neng-li DAI

Ying-bo CHU

Qiang QIU

Xin-yue ZHAO

ZHANG Xi-he

TAN Yong

MIAO Xin-hui

Related Institution

Department of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology

Key Laboratory of Excited State Processes, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China

College of Physics, Jilin University, Educational Ministry of China, Changchun 130023, China

State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University

College of Physical Science and Technology, Hebei University

⁰

Research Progress on Few-mode Erbium-doped Fiber and Its Corresponding Amplifier Enhanced Publication