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Synthesis, Self-assembly and Photophysical Properties of A Three-state Highly Emissive Mesogen
Synthesis and Properties of Materials | Updated：2022-10-19
|
Synthesis, Self-assembly and Photophysical Properties of A Three-state Highly Emissive Mesogen Enhanced Publication
- Chinese Journal of Luminescence Vol.43, Issue 6, (2022)
- Affiliations：Department of Applied Chemistry， College of Chemical Engineering， Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,China,210037
- Author bio：
- Funds：
- DOI：10.37188/CJL.20220047 CLC： O753+.2
Published：05 June 2022，
Received：15 February 2022，
Revised：02 March 2022，
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郑军峰,宫佳鑫,程晓帆等.一种三态发光的液晶基元合成、自组装及光物理性质[J].发光学报,2022,43(06):869-878.
ZHENG Jun-feng,GONG Jia-xin,CHENG Xiao-fan,et al.Synthesis, Self-assembly and Photophysical Properties of A Three-state Highly Emissive Mesogen[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2022,43(06):869-878.
郑军峰,宫佳鑫,程晓帆等.一种三态发光的液晶基元合成、自组装及光物理性质[J].发光学报,2022,43(06):869-878. DOI： 10.37188/CJL.20220047.
ZHENG Jun-feng,GONG Jia-xin,CHENG Xiao-fan,et al.Synthesis, Self-assembly and Photophysical Properties of A Three-state Highly Emissive Mesogen[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2022,43(06):869-878. DOI： 10.37188/CJL.20220047.
Synthesis, Self-assembly and Photophysical Properties of A Three-state Highly Emissive Mesogen Enhanced Publication
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"data": "尽管有机发光材料已应用于诸多领域，但其应用不得不遵从于两种相反的发光现象"
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"data": "：聚集导致猝灭（ACQ）和聚集诱导发光（AIE）。具有ACQ性质的发光分子以下简称为ACQ分子；具有AIE性质的发光分子以下简称为AIE分子。ACQ分子在单分子态（如稀溶液）发光能力强，而在聚集态（如固态）发光减弱甚至不发光"
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"data": "。此外，我们注意到多态发光分子由于在单分子和聚集态遵循不同的发光机制，通常发不同颜色的光"
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"data": "，因而可以预见，多态发光分子可增加其作为生物探针、化学传感器等的可视性。"
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"data": "然而，ACQ和AIE是两个相反的光物理现象，所以单一分子难以兼具ACQ和AIE性质，开发多态发光分子是一个极大的挑战。一个直观的设想是通过共价键把ACQ单元与AIE单元直接相连，即合成“ACQ+AIE”分子，以填补ACQ分子与AIE分子之间的空白。人们已经合成了大量“ACQ+AIE”分子"
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}
],
"rid": [
"R11",
"R12",
"R13"
],
"text": "11-13",
"type": "bibr"
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，结果表明，“ACQ+AIE”分子通常有较高的固态发光效率，而溶液发光效率低，其原因是AIE单元的分子内运动所产生的非辐射能量转移降低了“ACQ+AIE”分子的溶液发光效率。于是，可进一步设想，如果AIE基团与ACQ基团在溶液中能形成共轭共平面结构，“ACQ+AIE”单元溶液发光效率低的问题将被解决。这样的“ACQ+AIE”单元势必在单分子态和聚集态都能高效发光。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "最近，Zhao和朱亮亮课题组合作证实了该设想"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "10",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R10",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "10"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，作者设计的发光单元是“二苯基氰基乙烯+丁二炔+二苯基氰基乙烯”的结构。二苯基氰基乙烯和丁二炔分别为典型的AIE和ACQ单元。在溶液中，由于D-A-π-A-D的结构特征，分子具有较强的分子内电荷转移效应，以致整个分子在激发态采取共平面构象，从而呈现高的溶液发光效率。而在固态，分子内电荷转移效应弱，扭曲构象的二苯基氰基乙烯单元有效阻止丁二炔单元间的密堆积，从而二苯基氰基乙烯与丁二炔单元协同发光，赋予整个分子高的固态发光效率。然而，作者所设计的结构两端为单根烷基链或短叉型链，分子自组装能力弱，难以形成凝胶、液晶等多态结构，限制了该类材料的应用。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "液晶是介于晶体与液体之间的一类物质，兼具加工性和部分有序性，是设计功能材料的一种重要的软物质平台"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "blockXref",
"data": {
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "14",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R14",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "14"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "15",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R15",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "15"
}
]
}
}
],
"rid": [
"R14",
"R15"
],
"text": "14-15",
"type": "bibr"
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。能形成液晶的物质通常称为液晶基元。从形状考虑，液晶基元又可粗分为棒状和盘状两大类"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "16",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R16",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "16"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，其他形状的液晶基元可以看作是棒状和（或）盘状的某种组合"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "blockXref",
"data": {
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "17",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R17",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "17"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "18",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R18",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "18"
}
]
}
}
],
"rid": [
"R17",
"R18"
],
"text": "17-18",
"type": "bibr"
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。Phasmid液晶基元中间为长棒状的核，两端为楔形尾链（通常为一代树枝单元），可看作介于棒状和盘状之间的液晶基元，分子尺寸大且易于调控，相结构丰富且易于调控"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "blockXref",
"data": {
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "17",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R17",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "17"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "18",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R18",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "18"
}
]
}
}
],
"rid": [
"R17",
"R18"
],
"text": "17-18",
"type": "bibr"
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。其自组装性质取决于刚性核的长度、尾链的数目、长度、位置，因而Phasmid液晶基元是设计多态发光材料的理想平台。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "本工作中，我们把“ACQ+AIE”单元的设计概念引入Phasmid液晶基元的设计中，利用“ACQ+AIE”单元实现多态发光，利用Phasmid液晶基元的自组装实现多态相变，以制备多态发光材料。我们设计了Phasmid液晶基元"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，两端为一代树枝单元，中间为“二苯基氰基乙烯（AIE）+二苯基丁二炔（ACQ）+二苯基氰基乙烯（AIE）”"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "blockXref",
"data": {
"data": [
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "19",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R19",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "19"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "22",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R22",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "22"
}
]
}
}
],
"rid": [
"R19",
"R20",
"R21",
"R22"
],
"text": "19-22",
"type": "bibr"
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。长棒状的核具有D-A-π-A-D的结构特征"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "20",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R20",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "20"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，树枝单元的引入既有利于形成液晶相，又有利于阻碍长棒状核的密堆积，提高聚集态的发光效率。研究表明，该分子在良溶剂中可以溶解，在选择性溶剂可形成胶束，进而凝胶化，在本体态形成六方柱状液晶相；在稀溶液、凝胶态、本体液晶态都具有较高的发光效率。"
}
]
}
]
},
{
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"data": {
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2 实 验"
}
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},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "sectitle",
"data": {
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2.1 试剂与仪器"
}
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"level": "2",
"id": "s2a"
}
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4-乙炔基苯甲醛、对羟基苯乙腈、醋酸铜、1-溴十二烷、没食子酸甲酯购自毕得医药；正十二烷（C"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "H"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "26"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）、正己烷（C"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "6"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "H"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "14"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）、二氯亚砜（SOCl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）、氘代氯仿（CDCl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）、氘代二甲基亚砜（"
},
{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "d"
}
]
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "6"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-DMSO）购自安耐吉化学；二氯甲烷（DCM）、四氢呋喃（THF）、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）、甲醇、乙醇（EtOH）、三乙胺（NEt"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）、石油醚等溶剂购自探索平台；氯仿（CHCl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）、浓盐酸（HCl）、金属钠（Na）、氢化钙（CaH"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）、无水乙醚购自南京化学试剂有限公司；碳酸钾（K"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "CO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）、氢氧化钾（KOH）、氯化钠（NaCl）购自探索平台。THF在Na存在、氮气保护下回流4 h后蒸出，NEt"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "在CaH"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "存在、氮气保护下回流4 h后蒸出，其他原料未经进一步纯化直接使用。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "1"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "H NMR 采用Bruker 的AVANCE Ⅲ HD 600 MHz 核磁共振仪进行检测，溶剂为"
},
{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "d"
}
]
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "6"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-DMSO或CDCl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。高分辨质谱（HRMS）采用Q-Exactive Focus 型质谱仪测试。红外光谱（IR）采用Perkin Elmerg公司的360型傅里叶红外光谱仪进行测试。一维X射线衍射（1D XRD）采用两种不同的仪器获得，收集"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图8",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F8",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图8"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的衍射曲线（见下文）所用的仪器为X’Pert Pro (Philips)，收集"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图11",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F11",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图11"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的衍射曲线（见下文）所用的仪器为1DAnton Paar SAXSess型高通量小角X射线散射仪。示差扫描量热（DSC）分析采用德国Netzsch的 DSC-200F3 Maia进行测量；偏光显微（PLM）分析采用Nikon E400POL偏光显微镜，其附有热台INSTEC HCS 302。样品的紫外-可见吸收光谱利用 UV-8000 型紫外-可见分光光度计进行测量；样品的荧光发射谱仪采用 PE 的LS 55荧光光谱仪测量。"
}
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"data": "upon slowly cooling from 120 ℃ to room temperature"
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"data": "2.2 合成方法"
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"data": [
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"data": "Phasmid液晶基元"
},
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"data": [
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"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
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"data": "的化学结构如"
},
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"data": {
"text": "图1",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F1",
"data": [
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"data": "图1"
}
]
}
},
{
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"data": "所示。合成路线如"
},
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"data": {
"text": "图2",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F2",
"data": [
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"data": "图2"
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}
},
{
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"data": "所示。"
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"data": [
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"data": "中间体1-12的合成："
}
]
},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "在250 mL圆底烧瓶中加入3.68 g(20 mmol) 3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸甲酯、15.45 g(62 mmol) 1-溴十二烷、5.52 g(40 mmol) K"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "CO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "、100 mL丙酮和催化量的四丁基溴化铵，在氮气保护下回流直至TLC分析表明3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸甲酯反应完全。反应液冷却至室温，旋蒸除去丙酮，剩余物经DCM萃取、饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤、无水Na"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "SO"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "干燥得到粗产物；粗产物通过丙酮重结晶两次得到11.02 g白色粉末状固体3,4,5-三十二烷氧基苯甲酸甲酯（产率80%），直接用于下一步反应。向500 mL的单口圆底烧瓶中加入10 g 3,4,5-三十二烷氧基苯甲酸甲酯（14.50 mmol），再加入50 mL THF和25 mL 乙醇，在80 ℃下回流10 min至澄清；然后从冷凝管上端缓慢倒入25 mL 的KOH水溶液（含KOH 1.62 g，29.00 mmol），在80 ℃下继续回流2 h；待反应液冷却至室温，经浓盐酸酸化至pH值接近2，再通过旋转蒸发仪除去大部分反应液，剩余物经无水乙醚萃取、饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤、无水Na"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "SO"
},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "4"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "干燥得到9.30 g（产率95%）白色粉末状3,4,5-三十二烷氧基苯甲酸，即中间体"
},
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"data": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "1-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。"
}
]
},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "中间体2-12的合成："
}
]
},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "向100 mL单口圆底烧瓶中加入6.75 g（10.00 mmol）化合物1-12，再加入25 mL DCM，室温搅拌10 min，然后缓慢滴入1.66 mL（2.71 g，10.00 mL）SOCl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，再滴入一滴DMF，于氮气保护下室温搅拌2 h；通过旋转蒸发仪除去反应液，然后往反应瓶中加入25 mL石油醚，再通过旋转蒸发仪除去石油醚；再加入25 mL石油醚，再旋干得到粘稠状剩余物，即化合物2-12的粗品；将其加入25 mL THF后直接用于下一步反应。"
}
]
},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "中间体3的合成："
}
]
},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "中间体3参照文献报道的方法合成"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "10",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R10",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "10"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "。在500 mL圆底烧瓶中，依次加入13.32 g（0.10 mol）对羟基苯乙腈、13.01 g（0.10 mol）4-乙炔基苯甲醛、100 mL EtOH、100 mL THF，室温搅拌5 min，然后加入20 g（0.5 mol）NaOH，室温搅拌2 h后再加入200 mL H"
},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O，经浓盐酸酸化至pH值接近2，经过滤、H"
},
{
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"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
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"data": "O冲洗、EtOH冲洗、干燥得到白色固体18.40 g。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "目标分子PHAgen-12的合成："
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "在氮气保护下，在500 mL两口圆底烧瓶中加入2.45 g（5.00 mmol）化合物"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "和150 mL干燥的THF及2.77 mL（2.02 g，20 mmol）干燥的NEt"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，室温搅拌30 min；然后将反应瓶置于冰浴中，再通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴入上一步制备的化合物2-12（10.00 mmol）的THF溶液，待温度升至室温后，继续搅拌24 h； 向反应瓶中加入适量硅胶，通过旋转蒸发仪除去反应液，直至得到松散的粉末；粉末再通过干法上样柱层析分离（洗脱剂为DCM）得到6.76 g（产率75%）目标化合物PHAgen-12。"
}
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"data": {
"title": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "3 结果与讨论"
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"data": "3.1 目标产物的化学结构确认"
}
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"data": [
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"data": "中间体"
},
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "1-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的"
},
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"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "1"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "H NMR如"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图3",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F3",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图3"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "所示，若把a定为9H，则b为2H，c为6H，表明没食子酸甲酯的三个羟基被完全取代；a为三重峰，b为单峰。"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图3",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F3",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图3"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "中峰的积分、裂分、位置表明中间体1-12的结构正确，峰的位置、裂分具体归属如下： "
},
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"data": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "δ"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " (10"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-6"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ") = 7.25(s,2H,Ar—H)，4.03~3.99 (m,6H,OCH"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，1.84~1.70(m,6H,CH"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，1.51~1.44(m,6H,CH"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，1.40~1.20(m,48H,CH"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，0.90~0.87 (t,"
},
{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "J"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "(H,H) = 6.8 Hz,9H,CH"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")，其中，s表示单重峰，m表示多重峰，t表示四重峰。"
}
]
},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "取该粗产物9.81 g（0.040 mol）加入250圆底烧瓶中，然后依次加入50 mL吡啶、50 mL MeOH，室温搅拌5 min；然后加入15.97 g（0.080 mol）乙酸铜一水合物，室温搅拌12 h后加入100 mL H"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O，经过滤、H"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "2"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "O冲洗、EtOH冲洗、干燥得到棕色粉末状中间体3（8.31 g，产率85%）。其"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "1"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "H NMR如"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图4",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F4",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图4"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "所示，（6.5～8）×10"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-6"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "区间共出现5个峰，分别对应于苯环上的4种类型不同的H和双键上的H，若把b定为4H，则位于（7.5～8）×10"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-6"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "之间的4个峰为14H，表明中间体3的结构正确。需要说明的是，10"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-5"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "附近的单峰对应于酚羟基的H，由于酚羟基的H为活泼氢，积分面积偏差较大，尤其是当样品中水的含量较高时。"
}
]
},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "目标分子"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "1"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "H NMR如"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "所示，烷基链上的H位于（0.5～4.5）×10"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-6"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "之间，为150H，苯环上的H和双键的H位于（7.2～8）×10"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-6"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "之间，共22H，这与化学结构相符；a和d为单峰，其余4个位于（7.2～8）×10"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-6"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "之间的峰为对称的双峰，这与化学结构相符。"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图5",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F5",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图5"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "表明目标分子"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的化学结构正确。图S1为"
},
{
"name": "bold",
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"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "13"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "H NMR："
},
{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "δ"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "(150 MHz，CDCl"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")=159.9，153.4，138.6，138.1，134.7，133.0，131.2，129.0，127.5，126.9，123.2，117.9，115.4，112.4，106.1，73.5，70.6，69.2，32.0，30.4，29.9~29.3(m)，26.1，22.7，14.2。通过HRMS（图S2）测得的"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的分子量为1 803.46 g/mol（=1 826.46~23），与实际分子量（1 802.66 g/mol）相符，进一步表明其化学结构正确。为了表征"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的特征官能团，我们又对其进行了IR表征。如图S3所示，在 1 585，1 722，2 214 cm"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-1"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "处分别出现了对应于双键、酯基、氰基的特征振动峰。NMR、HRMS、IR分析表明"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的化学结构准确无误。"
}
]
}
]
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"data": {
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "3.2 Phasmid"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "-"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "12的本体液晶结构"
}
],
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},
{
"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "我们首先通过DSC考察了"
},
{
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{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的相转变行为，升温DSC曲线（"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图6",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F6",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图6"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）在120 ℃左右出现一个吸热峰，降温曲线在110 ℃左右出现一个放热峰，意味着样品经历了一级可逆相转变。然后，我们通过PLM考察了"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的双折射性质，PLM图（"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图7",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F7",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图7"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）表明"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "具有明显的双折射性质，各向同性温度为120 ℃左右，与DSC结果一致。 为进一步确定样品的相结构，我们对样品进行了1D XRD分析，衍射曲线（"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图8",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F8",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图8"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）低角区出现了3个尖锐的衍射峰，其"
},
{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "d"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "值分别为4.83，2.73，2.38 nm，其比值为1∶1/"
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"data": "∶1/2，表明样品形成六方柱状液晶相，3个峰可依次指标化为（100）、（110）和（200）。广角区较为弥散的衍射包对应的"
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{
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"data": "值为0.44 nm，意味着单分子层的平均厚度"
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "h"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "约为0.44 nm。通过悬浮法测得的样品密度"
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"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ρ"
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]
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{
"name": "text",
"data": "=0.97 g/cm"
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},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，根据公式"
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"data": "μ"
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{
"name": "text",
"data": "=("
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "sh"
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{
"name": "text",
"data": ")"
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{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "ρ"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "("
},
{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "N"
}
]
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "A"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "/"
},
{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "M"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": ")可以计算单分子厚度（0.44 nm）的单胞内含有的分子个数"
},
{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "μ"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "=4，其中单胞面积"
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},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "为化合物"
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{
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"data": [
{
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的分子量（"
},
{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "M"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "=1 802.66 g/mol），"
},
{
"name": "italic",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "N"
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]
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "A"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "为阿伏伽德罗常数。根据1D XRD结果，我们推测化合物"
},
{
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"data": [
{
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"data": "PHAgen-12"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "在超分子柱的排列模型如"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图9",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F9",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图9"
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]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "所示：单分子层厚度的单胞内含有4个分子，其近似于平行排列，不同的分子层之间通过旋转一定角度堆砌成超分子柱，超分子柱平行排列形成六方柱状液晶相。这种分子排列与我们之前报道的Phasmid型液晶基元排列相似"
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{
"name": "sup",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "["
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{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "23",
"type": "bibr",
"rid": "R23",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "23"
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]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "]"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "分子间呈现较为松散的部分有序排列，分子间π-π相互作用弱。这种排列形式一方面是由二苯基氰基乙烯单元较为扭曲的构象所致，另一方面是由于两端树枝单元较大的位阻效应。可以预见，这种分子排列形式可有效抑制由于分子间密堆积所导致的非辐射能量转移，有利于得到高发光效率的液晶材料。因而，Phasmid液晶分子是制备高效固体发光材料的理想平台。"
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},
{
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"data": "12的溶液自组装性质"
}
],
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{
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"data": [
{
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"data": "化合物"
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{
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"data": [
{
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"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "虽然有较长的刚性核，但两端含有一代树枝单元，因而应该有较好的溶解性。溶解性实验表明，"
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"data": [
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "在常见溶剂如THF、DCM等中能较好地溶解，在650 nm光照射下观查不到明显的丁达尔现象。然而，"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "的烷烃（如C"
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{
"name": "text",
"data": "12"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "H"
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},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "和C"
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{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
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"data": "6"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "H"
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{
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"data": [
{
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"data": "14"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "）溶液呈现明显的丁达尔现象，甚至在100 ℃下仍然呈现显著的丁达尔现象，表明其形成稳定的胶束。烷烃可以看作化合物"
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{
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"data": "的选择性溶剂，其可有效溶解两端的树枝单元，却是由芳环构成的刚性核的沉淀剂，因而"
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{
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"data": "可在烷烃中自组装形成胶束。根据其在本体态所形成超分子柱的特征，我们推测胶束应为柱状。由于柱状胶束的进一步生长可诱导体系凝胶化，接下来我们考察了"
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{
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},
{
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"data": "H"
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{
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"data": "中的凝胶化行为。实验结果表明，化合物"
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"data": "中确实可以凝胶化，其凝胶化温度（"
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{
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"data": "）是浓度的函数（见"
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"data": "表1"
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"data": "）。例如，样品重量分数（wt）为1%的溶液可在－15 ℃凝胶化，wt为20%的溶液可在10 ℃凝胶化，wt为30%的溶液可在室温下形成稳定的凝胶（如"
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]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "所示）。为进一步确定凝胶的结构，我们通过1D XRD研究了干凝胶的相结构（wt为10%，在C"
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]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "挥干后于室温真空干燥得到干胶）。衍射曲线在低角区呈现3个尖锐的衍射峰（"
},
{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图11",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F11",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图11"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "），其对应的"
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"name": "text",
"data": "d"
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]
},
{
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"data": "值分别为4.97，2.90，2.50 nm，比值为1∶1/"
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"data": "的凝胶中依然形成六方柱状相，其超分子柱的直径比本体态略大（"
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"data": "的凝胶化温度（"
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"title": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "Relationship between gel temperature of PHAgen-12/C"
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"data": "在365 nm光激发下，"
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{
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"data": "、选择性溶剂C"
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"data": "（wt为2.5%）、凝胶态（溶剂为C"
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"data": "，wt为30%）、本体液晶态均呈现较强的荧光发射性质（如"
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"text": "图12",
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"data": [
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{
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"data": "所示），是一类多态发光材料。在单分子态发蓝光，聚集态（胶束、凝胶、液晶态）发黄光。"
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"data": "在365 nm 光激发下，"
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"data": "PHAgen-12"
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]
},
{
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"data": "在单分子、胶束、凝胶、液晶态的发光照片。"
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]
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"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.12"
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"title": [
{
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"data": "Photographs of "
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"data": "在单分子态（溶剂分别为DMF、THF、CHCl"
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"data": "，wt为30%）、本体态的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱，溶剂的极性为DMF"
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"data": "THF"
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"data": " CHCl"
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"data": "），在380 nm附近有最大吸收。在DMF、THF、CHCl"
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"data": "均呈现较强的发射行为（"
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"data": "；随溶剂极性的变化，前者变化较小，而后者变化较大。随溶剂极性增加，两个发射峰都明显红移，并且变得弥散，呈现出融合为一个峰的趋势（如"
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],
"title": [
{
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"data": "Absorbance spectra of "
},
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"data": [
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]
},
{
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"data": "in DMF， THF， CHCl"
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"data": "3"
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]
},
{
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"data": "12"
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{
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"data": "H"
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"data": "with the molar concentration of 10 μmol/L."
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"title": [
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"data": "Normalized emission spectra of "
},
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},
{
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"data": " upon 365 nm excitation."
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"data": "）相似的紫外-可见吸收谱，在380 nm附近有最大吸收。与溶液中相比，分子在凝胶态和本体液晶态势必呈现出较大程度的聚集。然而，"
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"data": "在凝胶态和本体液晶态都呈现较强的发射行为（如"
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{
"name": "xref",
"data": {
"text": "图16",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F16",
"data": [
{
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"data": "图16"
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{
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"data": "所示），表现出AIE性质。与单分子态发射波谱相比（"
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"data": {
"text": "图14",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F14",
"data": [
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"data": "图14"
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{
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"data": "），凝胶态和本体液晶态的发射波谱明显红移（如"
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"data": {
"text": "图16",
"type": "fig",
"rid": "F16",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "图16"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "所示）。这是由于样品在聚集态基团运动受限、共轭程度增加所致。"
}
]
},
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"data": "在凝胶态（溶剂为C"
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},
{
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"data": "，wt为30%）（a）和本体液晶态（b）的紫外-可见吸收光谱"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "en",
"label": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.15"
}
],
"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Absorbance spectra of "
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " in gel（30%（wt）） with C"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "12"
}
]
},
{
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"data": "H"
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{
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"data": " as solvent（a） and bulk liquid crystalline state（b）"
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]
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"label": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "Fig.16"
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"title": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "Normalized emission spectra of "
},
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": " in gel（30%（wt）） with C"
},
{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "H"
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{
"name": "sub",
"data": [
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"data": "26"
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]
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{
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"data": " as solvent（a） and bulk liquid crystalline state（b） upon 365 nm excitation"
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"data": "通过荧光量子产率实验测定了"
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{
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"data": "在良溶剂CHCl"
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"data": "3"
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{
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"data": "、选择性溶剂C"
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},
{
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"data": "、本体液晶态的发光性能。"
},
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"data": "PHAgen-12"
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]
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{
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"data": "在CHCl"
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"data": "3"
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{
"name": "text",
"data": "中的发光效率为～90.3%，在凝胶态（wt为40%）的发光效率为58.5%，在本体态的发光效率为85.5%。实验结果表明，"
},
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"data": "PHAgen-12"
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]
},
{
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"data": "是一种在溶液、凝胶、液晶态都能高效发光的材料，克服了ACQ分子和AIE分子的单态发光的缺点，是一类在单分子和聚集态都能高效发光的物质。"
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},
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"data": {
"title": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "4 结 论"
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},
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "本文设计合成了一个Phasmid液晶基元"
},
{
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"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "，其两端为一代树枝单元，中间为“二苯基氰基乙烯（AIE）+二苯基丁二炔（ACQ）+二苯基氰基乙烯（AIE）”的刚性核，具有D-A-π-A-D的特征，并对其化学结构、凝聚态结构、光物理性质进行了表征。"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "在本体态形成六方柱状液晶相；在良溶剂中可以溶解，在选择性溶剂中形成柱状胶束，并可凝胶化。由于具有D-A-π-A-D的结构特征，"
},
{
"name": "bold",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "PHAgen-12"
}
]
},
{
"name": "text",
"data": "在稀溶液中有较强的分子内电荷转移相互作用，提高了ACQ与AIE单元的共面性，赋予其高的溶液发光效率。在聚集态，分子内电荷转移效应减弱，AIE单元扭曲的构象有效抑制了ACQ单元间的密堆积，因而AIE单元与ACQ单元协同发光，赋予其高的聚集态发光效率。AIE单元二苯基氰基乙烯实为一个分子内电荷转移作用驱动的分子马达，其可实现发光单元“AIE+ACQ+AIE”的构象转变。我们把“ACQ+AIE”多态发光单元引入液晶分子的设计中，为多态发光材料的设计提供了一个新方向。"
}
]
},
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"name": "p",
"data": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "本文补充文件及专家审稿意见和作者回复信下载地址："
},
{
"name": "extlink",
"data": {
"text": [
{
"name": "text",
"data": "http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10. 37188/CJL.20220047."
}
],
"href": "http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20220047."
}
}
]
}
]
}
],
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"data": [
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"data": "郑军峰,宫佳鑫,程晓帆等.一种三态发光的液晶基元合成、自组装及光物理性质[J].发光学报,2022,43(06):869-878."
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"text": "郑军峰,宫佳鑫,程晓帆等.一种三态发光的液晶基元合成、自组装及光物理性质[J].发光学报,2022,43(06):869-878."
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"data": [
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"name": "text",
"data": "ZHENG Jun-feng,GONG Jia-xin,CHENG Xiao-fan,et al.Synthesis, Self-assembly and Photophysical Properties of A Three-state Highly Emissive Mesogen[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2022,43(06):869-878."
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"text": "ZHENG Jun-feng,GONG Jia-xin,CHENG Xiao-fan,et al.Synthesis, Self-assembly and Photophysical Properties of A Three-state Highly Emissive Mesogen[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2022,43(06):869-878."
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"history": {
"received": "2022-02-15",
"revised": "2022-03-02",
"ppub": "2022-06-05",
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"journalTitle": "发光学报",
"issue": "6",
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}
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