Application of Tetraphenylene Aggregation-induced Emission Probes in Field of Biomolecular Detection Enhanced Publication

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "四苯乙烯类聚集诱导发光探针在生物分子检测领域的应用" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Application of Tetraphenylene Aggregation-induced Emission Probes in Field of Biomolecular Detection" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "杨", "givenname": "学琴", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "YANG", "givenname": "Xue-qin", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "杨学琴（1996-），女，甘肃会宁人，硕士研究生，2019年于兰州文理学院获得学士学位，主要从事AIE荧光探针及其在生物成像方面应用的研究。Email: 2410121332@qq.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879488&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879498&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879492&type=", "width": "25.00000000", "height": "29.99987793", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "杨学琴" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1996-），女，甘肃会宁人，硕士研究生，2019年于兰州文理学院获得学士学位，主要从事AIE荧光探针及其在生物成像方面应用的研究。Email: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2410121332@qq.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "2410121332@qq.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "来", "givenname": "守军", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "LAI", "givenname": "Shou-jun", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "丁", "givenname": "媛媛", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "DING", "givenname": "Yuan-yuan", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "马", "givenname": "丽丽", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "MA", "givenname": "Li-li", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "王", "givenname": "晶凤", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "WANG", "givenname": "Jing-feng", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "关", "givenname": "晓琳", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "GUAN", "givenname": "Xiao-lin", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "E-mail： guanxiaolin@nwnu.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E-mail： guanxiaolin@nwnu.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "关晓琳（1979-），女，甘肃兰州人，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，2007 年于兰州大学获得博士学位，主要从事生物荧光成像探针和药物释放领域的各类量子点材料及功能AIE 聚合物的研究。Email: guanxiaolin@nwnu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879510&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879510&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879510&type=", "width": "25.00000000", "height": "29.99987793", "fontsize": "" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "关晓琳" }, { "name": "text", "data": "（1979-），女，甘肃兰州人，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，2007 年于兰州大学获得博士学位，主要从事生物荧光成像探针和药物释放领域的各类量子点材料及功能AIE 聚合物的研究。Email: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "guanxiaolin@nwnu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "guanxiaolin@nwnu.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "西北师范大学 化学化工学院， 甘肃 兰州　730070", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "西北师范大学 化学化工学院， 甘肃 兰州　730070" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering， Northwest Normal University， Lanzhou 730070， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering， Northwest Normal University， Lanzhou 730070， China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "兰州文理学院 化工学院， 甘肃 兰州　730000", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "兰州文理学院 化工学院， 甘肃 兰州　730000" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "School of Chemical Engineering， Lanzhou University of Arts and Science， Lanzhou 730000， China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Chemical Engineering， Lanzhou University of Arts and Science， Lanzhou 730000， China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "生物体内存在各类生物离子和分子，其含量变化可以反映生物体的健康情况。因此，开发用于监测生物系统中离子或分子含量的方法是非常重要的。近年来，具有聚集诱导发光（Aggregation⁃induced emission，AIE）性质的荧光材料由于其独特的光电性能及生物活性，在光电材料、化学传感、生物成像等领域展现出广泛的应用前景。目前，在具有较高荧光量子产率的聚集诱导发光分子（AIEgens）中，四苯乙烯（TPE）成为最具有代表性和常用的分子之一，具有合成简便、易功能化以及优异的AIE效应等优点。本文综述了近年来基于TPE的荧光材料在生物金属离子、生物小分子和生物大分子检测方面的研究进展，分析了基于TPE的荧光探针所面临的挑战，并对其应用前景进行了展望，以期为制备合成简单、生物相容性好、检出限低的AIE荧光探针提供参考。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "There are various types of biometal ions and biomolecules in the organism and their content changes can reflect the health of living body. Therefore， it is very important to develop a detection method for monitoring the content of biometal ions or biomolecules in biological systems. In recent years， fluorescent materials with enhanced properties of aggregation-induced emission（AIE） have shown wide application prospects in the fields of optoelectronic materials， chemical sensing， and bio-imaging due to their unique optoelectronic properties and biological activities. At present， tetraphenylethylene（TPE） has become one of the most representative and commonly used molecules among aggregation-induced luminescent molecules（AIEgens） with high fluorescence quantum yield， which has the advantages of simple synthesis， easy to functionalize， and excellent AIE effect. This paper reviews the research progress of tetraphenylethylene-based fluorescent materials in the detection of biometal ions， small biomolecules and biomacromolecules in recent years. The challenges faced of fluorescent probes are analyzed and the development prospects are expected. It is expected to provide a reference for preparing and synthesizing fluorescent probes with good biocompatibility and low detection limit." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "聚集诱导发光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "四苯乙烯" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "生物金属离子" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "生物小分子" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "生物大分子" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "aggregation-induced emission" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "tetraphenylethylene" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "biometal ions" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "small biomolecule" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "biomacromolecule" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引　　言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "众所周知，生物体内存在各类离子和分子，它们在生物系统中都有一定的组织性，各自有着特殊的生理功能，其在生物系统中的含量变化可以反映一个生物体的健康情况，对生物体的生命过程有至关重要的影响。因此，对这些生物分子的定性和定量检测与分析显得尤为重要" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2", "R3" ], "text": "1-3", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在众多的检测技术中，荧光检测方法由于具有灵敏度高、检测速度快、选择性好及检出限低等优势，目前已成为国内外研究的热点，并在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。其中，荧光生物传感器是分析目标生物分子的有力工具，可以帮助研究人员深入了解复杂的生物和生理过程" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R4", "R5" ], "text": "4-5", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。但是，目前荧光生物传感器中常规使用的荧光材料，例如有机荧光小分子、无机半导体量子点、共轭聚合物等，这些材料虽已被证明能够将灵敏度提高到一定水平，但是上述荧光材料往往具有毒性高、稳定性差等问题，致使其在生物应用中受限。因此，科研工作者需要设计开发低毒性及高稳定性的新型荧光探针，以满足生物应用需求。此外，传统荧光分子仅能在稀溶液中发出明亮的荧光，但处于聚集状态下，其荧光会发生明显减弱甚至猝灭的现象，即产生聚集导致发光猝灭（Aggregation-caused quench,ACQ）效应。因而具有ACQ发光性能的荧光材料仅适用于在稀溶液中的检测，这将严重影响荧光生物传感器的实际应用效果，并限制其生物应用范围。因此，为荧光生物传感器寻找和开发具有抗ACQ效应的新型荧光材料成为亟待解决的问题。幸运的是，在2001年，唐本忠课题组提出了聚集诱导发光（Aggregation-induced emission，AIE）概念，受到了科学界的高度关注" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R7", "R8", "R9" ], "text": "7-9", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。与ACQ效应相反，具有AIE效应的材料在稀溶液中显示出微弱的发射，但在聚集状态下荧光急剧增强，荧光量子效率也显著提高。AIE现象主要是由于有机荧光基团有序自组装或无序聚集后，分子内运动受限（RIM）而抑制了非辐射衰变的结果" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。显然，使用具有AIE效应的荧光材料可以很好地解决由ACQ效应导致的荧光材料应用受限的问题。除此之外，AIE荧光探针通常具有较大的斯托克斯位移，并且其激发光谱和发射光谱之间几乎没有重叠，这将有利于AIE荧光探针进行生物应用。因而，AIE现象的发现为荧光材料领域提供了一个崭新的研究方向。迄今为止，具有AIE发光特性的荧光探针因其在实际应用中的诸多优势而备受关注，尤其是基于AIE材料在聚集态下高效发光，可以在特定的离子或分子的诱导下形成聚集体，荧光信号出现由暗到明的突跃，从而实现对离子或分子的定性分析和定量检测，使可视化的生物成像和高灵敏度的传感监测变得更加容易，已经实现了AIE材料在化学" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R11", "R12" ], "text": "11-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、生物" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R13", "R14", "R15" ], "text": "13-15", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、医学" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R16", "R17" ], "text": "16-17", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等各个方面的快速发展，并取得了令人瞩目的研究成果。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "四苯乙烯（TPE）有机小分子是一种具有AIE发光特性的典型分子之一。由于TPE分子中心—C=C—双键周围连接的四个苯环可以围绕单键进行自由旋转，从而为激发电子提供了非辐射弛豫途径，导致其在稀溶液环境下无强荧光发射。但当TPE处于浓溶液或固态等聚集状态时，由于空间位阻效应使得四个苯环分子的内旋转受到抑制，激发能无法再通过分子内旋转消耗掉，从而抑制了非辐射弛豫，最终使激发态能量以荧光的形式释放出来。同时，大量研究已经证明，基于TPE的各种衍生物同样具有优异的AIE发光特性。因此，研究者易于通过在TPE分子上进行功能化修饰来获得不同功能性的新型AIE材料，拓展其在更多领域的应用。目前，基于TPE及其衍生物的研究已引起了科学家越来越多的关注" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，大量TPE基荧光探针被合成开发，并已在化学传感" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R19", "R20", "R21", "R22" ], "text": "19-22", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、生物传感" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R23", "R24" ], "text": "23-24", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和有机发光二极管" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R25", "R26" ], "text": "25-26", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等领域取得了许多重要的应用成果。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文将根据TPE在生物检测中的被检测分析物类型进行分类，详细讨论基于TPE的AIE传感器在生物分子检测方面的一些代表性示例，同时对基于TPE的荧光生物传感器在设计和应用前景方面进行展望。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　TPE衍生物分子检测应用" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1　生物金属离子检测" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "金属离子广泛存在于组织细胞和体液中，适当水平的金属离子可以有效地保持生物过程，但生物体内某种金属离子浓度的异常将引发生物体的病症，威胁生物体的健康。因此，对生物必需离子或有毒金属离子的检测和定量分析在生物学研究中极其重要。目前，基于TPE的分子检测体系已广泛用于各种金属离子传感器中。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1.1　锌离子检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2a1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "锌是人体中第二丰富的过渡金属元素和必需的微量元素，也是大脑中含量最丰富的20种元素之一，会影响大脑的健康和认知功能" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "含量在生物过程中具有重要的作用，包括信号传递、基因表达" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、脑功能、细胞凋亡、神经信号传导" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等。人体中Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的缺失可能导致多种疾病，例如动脉硬化、抑郁症" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等。因此，对于生物系统中Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的检测具有极为重要的意义" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中，细胞内Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的高灵敏度检测、选择性检测以及高效成像不仅有利于重大疾病的早期诊断和预防，而且可以了解病理过程，从而优化治疗方法。因此，设计开发一类能够对生物体内Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "进行准确定量检测的化学传感器，对于理解Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在生理和病理过程中的功能作用至关重要" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。近五年，有关基于TPE光学探针对生命体内Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "进行检测的研究报道越来越多，尤其是在增强探针的生物相容性及降低Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "检出限方面取得了一些显著成果。例如，2020年，Xu课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "基于螯合增强荧光（CHEF）机制，设计合成了一种新型荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（见" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），该分子对Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "具有较高的选择性和抗干扰性能，检出限为0.16 µmol/L。与Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "螯合之后，探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的配位阻止了激发态分子间质子转移（ESIPT）过程，增加了所得配合物的整体刚性，产生较强的CHEF效应，导致荧光增强。此外，其还具有较大的Stokes位移，有效地消除了活细胞成像的背景干扰。同时，其具有低细胞毒性，被成功应用于活细胞中Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的荧光成像（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。 另一方面，研究者以键合于AIE分子上的生物分子作为识别单元，通过与Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作用前后荧光变化的策略进行离子检测。其中，基于肽的AIE荧光探针由于其高灵敏度、高选择性和良好的生物相容性已成为化学生物学研究的热点。Liu课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "基于席夫碱反应，设计并合成了一种基于TPE多肽衍生物的具有生物相容性的“关-开”型荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），该探针可用于测定Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。由于Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与相邻两条肽链中的组氨酸残基发生配位作用形成配合物，使TPE分子处于聚集状态，限制其自由旋转，产生AIE效应，从而发射出强荧光。探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "显示出对Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的高度选择性和灵敏性，检测限低至18.56 nmol/L。此外，该探针具有低细胞毒性和良好的稳定性，可以穿透HeLa细胞并在细胞内实现对Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的成像（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）），表明TPE-肽衍生物是一类非常适用于生物系统中的高灵敏荧光生物传感材料。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构及其与Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作用机理示意图；（b）HeLa细胞中Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "成像应用。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and their possible mechanism toward Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）The application of Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " imaging in HeLa cells." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879514&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879522&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879518&type=", "width": "158.78552246", "height": "38.53295898", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子2的化学结构及其与Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作用机理示意图；（b）HeLa细胞中Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "成像应用。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe 2 and their possible mechanism toward Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）The application of Zn" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+ " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "imaging in HeLa cells." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879525&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879533&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879529&type=", "width": "106.04254150", "height": "110.40356445", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1.2　铝离子检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2a2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "铝是仅次于氧和硅的第三大元素，也是地壳" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中含量最高的金属，广泛应用于日常生活。然而，当人们长期摄入过量的Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时，Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在不同器官中会产生积累，人们很容易患上各种疾病" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R35", "R36", "R37", "R38", "R39" ], "text": "35-39", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。此外，当脑组织富含Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时，将对中枢神经系统造成严重损害，并导致神经系统疾病" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R39", "R40" ], "text": "39-40", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。考虑到Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对人类健康的潜在影响，开发一种新型的荧光探针用于对生命体系中Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的有效检测与追踪至关重要。自2015年以来，在唐本忠院士课题组开创性工作的启发下，研究者们已经合成出多种基于TPE衍生物的用于Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "检测的“关-开”型荧光探针" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "42", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R41", "R42" ], "text": "41-42", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。例如，Yan等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "合成了一种具有羧酸基团的新型AIE探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "），羧基的引入不仅显著增强了探针的水溶性，而且实现了对Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的特异性络合，检测限低至21.6 nmol/L。同时，该探针具有良好的生物相容性，被成功应用于活HeLa细胞中Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的成像检测和实时监测，实现了生物成像的高信噪比。这些优越性使得该探针在复杂生物系统中对Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的功能研究和分析具有巨大的潜力。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构、作用机理及其在HeLa细胞中Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "成像的应用。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The chemical structure and their possible mechanism of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and the application of Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+ " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "imaging in HeLa cells" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879538&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879545&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879542&type=", "width": "165.91049194", "height": "89.61022949", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此外，Xu等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "44" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "也报道了一种具有AIE发光性能的水溶性荧光分子探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），用于对Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "检测。探针4显示出对Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的高度选择性和灵敏性，检出限为0.70 µmol/L。此外，该探针的酸性形式具有强的细胞渗透能力，可用于在拟南芥幼苗根部的活细胞中进行Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "生物成像（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）），并基于荧光聚集体优异的光稳定性，实现对细胞中Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的长周期成像。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构及其与Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作用机理示意图；（b）拟南芥幼苗根部活细胞中的Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "荧光成像。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and schematic diagram of the mechanism of the probe" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " 4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " with Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）Fluorescence imaging of Al" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " in seedling root of Arabidopsis." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879548&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879554&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879551&type=", "width": "69.95294189", "height": "85.07965088", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1.3　铜离子检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2a3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "铜是人体必需的微量营养素，由于其氧化还原的性质，它作为许多蛋白质的结构成分在许多生物过程中扮演着重要的角色" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R45", "R46" ], "text": "45-46", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。但在生物体中积累过量的Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "会导致一系列疾病，如引起组织缺血、肝脏病理变化、阿尔茨海默氏症、威尔逊氏病和普里恩病等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R47", "R48" ], "text": "47-48", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，开发更高效、荧光性能更好的荧光探针来检测Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "仍然是非常必要的。目前，一些荧光AIE生物探针已被开发用于Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "检测。例如，2021年，Wang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "49", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R49", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "49" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "设计了一种基于TPE的用于Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "检测的AIE荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图 5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图 5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a））。该探针具有两亲性，可分散在水溶液中自组装形成纳米结构，显示出强烈荧光，当加入Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "后，荧光被完全猝灭，从而实现了对Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "较高的选择性和灵敏度，检出限为6.11 nmol/L。此外，基于良好的生物相容性和强荧光响应等性能，其已被成功应用于生物体系中Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的检测（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构与Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作用机理示意图；（b）活MCF-7细胞中Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "成像应用。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and schematic diagram of the mechanism of the probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）The application of Cu" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " imaging in living MCF-7 cells." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879556&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879561&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879558&type=", "width": "97.78002930", "height": "105.58897400", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1.4　铁离子检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2a4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "铁离子在许多生化过程中都是必不可少的，如形成血红蛋白、电子转移酶催化和细胞代谢" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "50", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R50", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R50", "R51" ], "text": "50-51", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。铁缺乏和过剩都可能导致一系列的生理问题，检测活细胞中铁离子的浓度并对其进行定位是非常重要的。因此，开发具有选择性、灵敏性的检测痕量铁离子的荧光探针具有重要的现实意义。近几年，研究人员在聚合物探针对于Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的检测方面也做了很多工作，并取得了一定成果。例如，2022年，Zhang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "52", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R52", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "52" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "设计合成了一种基于绞葫芦tQ[14]的AIE超分子网络聚合物探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "用于Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的检测（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a））。聚合物TPE-4P@tQ[14]探针中AIE客体分子碘化" }, { "name": "text", "data": "物TPE-4P的甲基吡啶部分进入了tQ[14]的空腔。由于tQ[14]" }, { "name": "text", "data": "的RIR效应，TPE-4P@tQ[14]具有优异的荧光性质，当加入Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时，导致TPE-4P@tQ[14]的荧光减弱，表明该方法能高效快速并选择性地检测Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其检测限为1.46 µmol/L（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。此外，这种聚合物TPE-4P@tQ[14]具有良好生物相容性，已成功地应用于活HeLa细胞中Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的检测（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c））。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的制备过程；（b）探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对不同金属离子的荧光光谱；（c）活细胞中Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "荧光成像。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Preparation process of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）Fluorescence spectra of the probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " to different metal ions. （c）Fluorescence imaging of Fe" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " in living cells." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879565&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879570&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879568&type=", "width": "162.99996948", "height": "96.02020264", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1.5　钙离子检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2a5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "钙是人体内含量最丰富的金属，是多种生物体的必需矿物质，也是健康饮食不可或缺的组成部分。钙在多种生理过程中起着举足轻重的作用，其对生命的重要性已众所周知。例如，Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是骨生长和牙齿发育的主要组件之一。Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "也被认为是重要的第二信使，并且许多生物反应是通过细胞内Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "浓度的变化来介导的。生物体中Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "缺乏和过量也可能带来一些严重后果" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "53", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R53", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "53" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "54", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R54", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "54" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R53", "R54" ], "text": "53-54", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，开发一种用于监测钙含量的快速和简单的检测方法，了解其在生物系统中细胞水平下的生物学功能是非常重要的。目前，对于Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "检测的相关工作已有很多报道，并且探针对Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "具有更高的选择性和灵敏性；此外，水溶性和生物相容性也增大，已成功将其进行生物成像的应用。例如，Zhang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "55", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R55", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "55" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "开发了一种基于TPE和二硫吡啶羧酸酯基团的具有AIE性质的新型水溶性Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a））。其中，二硫吡啶羧酸酯基团提供了良好的水溶性，可以更好地应用于生物体系中。探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在纯水溶液中可对Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "表现出高选择性，其检测限为51.2 nmol/L。此外，基于该探针良好的水溶性、低毒性和良好的膜渗透性，已将其成功地应用于活细胞中Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的成像检测和实时监测（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c））。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构以及与Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作用机理示意图；（b）探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对金属离子的荧光响应；（c）活细胞中Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "荧光成像。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and schematic diagram of the mechanism of the probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）Fluorescence response of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " to metal ions. （c）Fluorescence imaging of Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " in living cells." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879575&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879579&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879578&type=", "width": "112.57263184", "height": "105.41366577", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2021年，Wang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "56", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R56", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "56" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "用TPE衍生物共轭2-甲基氨基吡啶成功地合成了一种新的AIE活性探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），可以进行Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的检测。探针显示出明显的荧光增敏效应，具有高灵敏度、良好的生物相容性和低细胞毒性，因此被成功应用于活细胞中Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的高效检测（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构以及与Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作用机理示意图；（b）活细胞中Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "成像应用。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a） The chemical structure of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and schematic diagram of the mechanism of the probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）The application of Ca" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2+ " } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "imaging in living cells." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879583&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879601&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879594&type=", "width": "161.21740723", "height": "61.74536133", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "综上所述，上述基于TPE的金属离子荧光探针都具有优异的荧光稳定性，可以对各种生物体内重要金属离子进行高选择性和灵敏度的检测，而对其他各种金属离子具有很强的抗干扰能力。但基于TPE的探针目前仍存在水溶性和生物相容性较差的缺陷，因而在活体生物方面的应用报道较少。如何通过分子设计，提高TPE荧光探针在水相中的溶解能力，并降低生物毒性，以便使该类材料更高效和广泛地应用于生物医学领域，将是今后的主要研究目标和努力方向。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2　生物体内小分子检测" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机小分子包括生物硫醇、硫化氢、二氧化碳和水等，在生命过程中具有相当重要的作用，它们的含量变化可以反映生物体的健康情况。目前已报道了多种用来检测生物小分子的AIE传感器。在本节中，我们将讨论一些基于TPE的用于检测生物小分子硫化氢、生物硫醇、三磷酸腺苷、葡萄糖等的荧光传感器。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.1　硫化氢检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "硫化氢（H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S）是一种无色且具有臭鸡蛋味道的气体，它是生物体内第三重要的内源性信号分子，参与各种生理和病理过程，在生物系统中起着至关重要的作用。H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的重要性已在各种生理过程中得到验证，例如调节细胞生长" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "57", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R57", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "57" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、心血管保护" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "58", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R58", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "58" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、神经元传递的调节" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "59", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R59", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "59" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、抗氧化作用等。H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S浓度的升高或降低都会导致许多疾病，例如阿尔茨海默氏病" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、肥胖症" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "60", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R60", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "60" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、糖尿病症状" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "61", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R61", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "61" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，对H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S含量的检测及监测对于提前预防某些疾病的发生具有重要意义。自2016年以来，已经开发了很多用于H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S检测的荧光探针，并取得了许多重要的研究成果。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Jiang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "62", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R62", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "62" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "设计了一种能够特异性检测H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的具有AIE特性的荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），该分子由TPE和带正电荷的吲哚部分组成。探针中的吲哚基团选择性亲核加成H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S，对H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的选择性优于其他生物硫醇以及溶液中的各种阴离子和金属离子。同时，该探针可以在粘性溶液中（例如线粒体内的介质）形成纳米级的颗粒聚集体，从而具有很高的荧光。当加入H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S时，该探针与H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S之间发生作用后导致体系聚集程度下降，进而引发荧光猝灭，从而实现了对H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的有效检测，检出限为0.57 µmol/L。此外，荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "同样在细胞内表现出对H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的快速响应性能，实现了细胞内H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的实时监测。另外，由于线粒体是产生H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的重要细胞器，因此用该探针可对活细胞线粒体中的H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S进行靶向成像和分析（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构以及与H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S作用机理示意图；（b）活细胞线粒体中H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S成像。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and schematic diagram of the mechanism of the probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " with H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S. （b）Mitochondria imaging of H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S in living cells." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879603&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879612&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879607&type=", "width": "156.21151733", "height": "83.61376953", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此外，Zeng等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报告了一种基于AIE / ESIPT的荧光纳米探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），用于H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S的特异性检测和细胞成像。该探针显示出良好的水分散性、大斯托克斯位移、良好的生物相容性以及良好的细胞膜渗透性，可以实现对H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S有效的检测，检出限为0.09 µmol/L。在生物成像中，作者发现该纳米探针能够实现活细胞中H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S水平的可视化检测（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。同时，探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "还可以检测斑马鱼体内的微量H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c））。因此，该纳米探针提供了一种用于生物过程中H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S监测的新方法。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F10", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构以及与H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S作用机理示意图；（b）活细胞成像；（c）斑马鱼成像。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and schematic diagram of the mechanism of the probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S. （b）Imaging of live cells. （c）Imaging of zebrafish." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879614&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879621&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879617&type=", "width": "154.28961182", "height": "95.92489624", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.2　生物硫醇检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "生物硫醇是维持微环境氧化还原平衡、减少自由基和毒性作用必不可少的还原性物质，例如谷胱甘肽（GSH）、N-乙酰基-L-半胱氨酸（NAC）、高半胱氨酸（Hcy）和半胱氨酸（Cys），在人类生理学中发挥着不可替代的作用。它们在生物过程中的作用是多种多样的，并与不同的疾病相关" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "63", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R63", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "63" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "67", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R67", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "67" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R63", "R64", "R65", "R66", "R67" ], "text": "63-67", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。鉴于这些硫醇在人类健康中的关键作用，对这些硫醇的选择性检测非常重要。此外，对生命体中的生物硫醇进行实时监测和追踪，是分析相关疾病的重要手段之一" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "68", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R68", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "68" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。由于生物硫醇的光学探针具有高灵敏度、快速响应时间和侵入式实时成像等优势，因此开发各类高效检测生物硫醇的光学探针引起了研究者极大的关注。然而，由于Cys、Hcy、NAC和GSH的结构较为相似，因此对于如何高选择性及定量检测上述几种硫醇具有很大挑战性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "69", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R69", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "69" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "70", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R70", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "70" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R69", "R70" ], "text": "69-70", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "据报道，通过利用巯基反应去除TPE上的荧光猝灭基团成为了一种有效的检测生物硫醇策略。例如，Wang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "71", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R71", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "71" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报道了一种新的基于TPE的比色和荧光双信号探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），可用于选择性和定量检测半胱氨酸（Cys）。由于探针的溶解度较高且易发生PET效应，从而使其在溶液中不发射荧光。但当加入Cys后，可以“裸眼”观察到溶液由无色变为亮黄色，同时荧光也显著增强。这主要是由于Cys与探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "发生了化学反应，致使探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "上的硝基苯磺酸基团从TPE分子上解离下来，从而抑制PET效应发生，导致TPE荧光发射。结果表明，可以基于探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的UV/Vis吸收变化、荧光“关-开”效应，以及溶液颜色的变化高选择性地对Cys进行定性和定量检测，其检出限为0.21 µmol/L（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F11", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构以及反应过程；（b）不同物质的UV/Vis光谱和照片。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure and the reaction progress of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）UV/Vis spectra and picture of different structure." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879624&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879630&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879627&type=", "width": "142.39575195", "height": "90.69113159", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "另外，对生物硫醇检测的AIE活性聚合物探针也逐渐被大量报道，并且在检出限及其生物应用方面有很大的提升。例如，2019年，Wang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "72", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R72", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "72" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "合成了一种用于生物硫醇检测的AIE活性聚合物探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，该探针含有二硫键和TPE部分的超支化聚（氨基胺），由于TPE的存在，探针表现出浓度依赖的发射增强效应。当加入生物硫醇时，可裂解二硫键，超支化结构解离，在溶液状态下表现出很弱的发射。同时，不含硫醇基的氨基酸对探针的发射影响可以忽略不计，表明其具有良好的选择性，检出限为0.55 µmol/L。此外，硫醇可以裂解二硫键的优势，使该探针在生物领域的应用显示出很大的潜力。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F12", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）、（c）探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构以及反应过程；（b）探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在生物硫醇或其他氨基酸存在下的对比柱状图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）， （c）The chemical structure and the reaction progress of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". （b）Column comparison of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " in the presence of biothiols or other amino acids." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879632&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879640&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879635&type=", "width": "128.90885925", "height": "110.56567383", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.3　三磷酸腺苷检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "三磷酸腺苷（ATP）是生命系统中最重要的能源，ATP可以调节几乎所有生物体内的细胞代谢和生化途径。ATP在细胞信号传导过程、维持细胞结构、生物合成反应、DNA和RNA合成等方面起着重要作用。据报道，ATP水平异常会产生特定心血管疾病、缺血、缺氧、帕金森氏症和阿尔茨海默氏病等疾病" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "73", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R73", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "73" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，开发具有易于合成、光学稳定性良好和优异的水溶性新型ATP荧光传感器具有重要的意义。近十年，研究者在该方面开发了很多荧光探针，用于对ATP的选择性检测及应用。例如，Li课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报道了一种基于TPE的具有独特AIE行为的荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），该探针可以对ATP进行高选择性及高亮度的检测。由于分子结构中四个阳离子吡啶鎓侧基的存在，使得探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在水溶液中具有一定的溶解性，从而显示微弱的荧光发射。但在其溶液中加入ATP后，探针易于通过静电相互作用和疏水作用沿着ATP分子聚集，从而使荧光显著增强。同时，加入与ATP结构相似的ADP和AMP后，没有发生荧光增强作用，证明该方法具有较好的选择性，其检出限降至0.075 µmol/L。此外，荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "还可用于在癌细胞和正常细胞系中对ATP进行成像（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b）），表现出在生物系统中对ATP有效检测和实时监测的应用潜力。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F13", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的化学结构及其与ATP反应机理；（b）探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在HEPES缓冲液中对ATP、ADP、AMP和PPi的荧光响应；（c）HeLa细胞中ATP成像。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and their possible mechanism toward ATP. （b）The fluorescence responses of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " in HEPES buffer toward ATP， ADP， AMP and PPi. （c）Imaging of ATP in HeLa cells." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879643&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879649&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879646&type=", "width": "158.78204346", "height": "126.08703613", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2.4　葡萄糖检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2b4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "葡萄糖（Glu）是研究最广泛的与人类健康密切相关的单糖，也是生物过程的重要分子。它不仅为我们的生物过程提供了燃料，而且还与其他蛋白质协同作用，使我们免受疾病侵害。葡萄糖检测在糖尿病的临床诊断和治疗中非常重要" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "74", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R74", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "74" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "75", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R75", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "75" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R74", "R75" ], "text": "74-75", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。考虑到葡萄糖对人类健康的重要性，因此找到一种检测人体中葡萄糖浓度的特定方法至关重要。到目前为止，已经报道了很多具有AIE发光特性的有机分子通过与葡萄糖的相互作用，实现对葡萄糖的灵敏检测" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "76", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R76", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "76" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "77", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R77", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "77" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中，苯硼酸作为一种糖类亲和试剂受到了科学家高度的关注，苯硼酸的糖类亲和性主要依靠硼酸配体与顺二羟基结构之间形成的可逆共价键，发生有效的电荷转移，进而引发荧光上的变化。基于这种机理的硼酸系列化合物在很多的糖类分子探针中得到了应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "78", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R78", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "78" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。例如，Tang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "79", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R79", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "79" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报道了一种使用双分子硼酸单元进行功能化的新型生物荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a））。该探针基于AIE发光特性成功地实现了对水中D-葡萄糖（Glu）的高选择性检测。探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "水溶液的荧光较弱，但当加入Glu后，由于两个硼酸基团与葡萄糖的顺式1，2-二醇单元之间的特异性相互作用，形成聚合体，限制了TPE上芳基转子的分子内旋转，从而大大提高了体系的荧光发射，产生荧光增敏效果。同时，该探针不受其他糖类分析物的干扰，表现出对葡萄糖分子的特异选择性识别检测（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。作者还通过对尿液样品中葡萄糖的特异性分析（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c））进一步证明所合成的荧光探针具有对实际样品中葡萄糖进行高效选择性检测的应用前景。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F14", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子14的化学结构及其与Glu反应机理；（b）探针14在不同糖中的荧光；（c）人造尿液（红色圆圈）和碳酸盐缓冲液（蓝色圆圈）中探针14的FL强度（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I/I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "）随葡萄糖浓度的变化。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.14" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe 14 and the possible mechanism toward Glu. （b）Fluorescence intensity of probe 14 in different sugars. （c）Changes in the fluorescence intensity（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I/I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "） of probe 14 with glucose concentration in artificial urine（red circle） and carbonate buffer（blue circle）." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879653&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879662&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879658&type=", "width": "158.87796021", "height": "165.77227783", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "综上所述，相比于传统的ACQ探针，由于各种基于TPE衍生物的生物小分子荧光探针具有合成简单、AIE发光性能优异、选择性好、细胞毒性低等优势，可以对活细胞中的各种生物小分子进行选择性荧光成像和实时检测，因而在生物方面具有独特的优势和巨大的应用潜力。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3　生物体内大分子检测" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "生物大分子包括蛋白质和多糖等，在自然界中广泛存在，并在生物活动中发挥重要作用，构建一种选择性好、灵敏度高的探针具有重要意义。在本节中，我们将介绍一些基于TPE衍生物的用于检测β-半乳糖苷酶、半胱天冬酶-3、碱性磷酸酶、肝素、蛋白质、DNA等生物大分子的AIE荧光传感器。" } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3.1　β⁃半乳糖苷酶检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2c1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "β-半乳糖苷酶是一种用作报告基因的酶，用于检查转录和转染效率，它也是细胞衰老和原发性卵巢癌的重要生物标志物" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "80", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R80", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "80" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "81", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R81", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "81" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R80", "R81" ], "text": "80-81", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。由于β-半乳糖苷酶在生命体中发挥着重要作用，因此研究者希望能够开发出在生物环境中高效检测β-半乳糖苷酶的方法，以便实时监测其在体内和体外的活性。迄今为止，已成功开发出基于AIE的用于β-半乳糖苷酶的荧光探针，并用于监测活细胞或组织中β-半乳糖苷酶的酶活性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "82", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R82", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "82" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。例如，Wang课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "83", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R83", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "83" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "报道了一种基于TPE的用于检测β-半乳糖苷酶的AIE发光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图15", "type": "fig", "rid": "F15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a））。由于该探针带有正电的吡啶鎓侧基，从而使整个荧光基团在水中具有一定的溶解性，导致其在水溶液中仅能发出微弱荧光。但当在溶液中加入β-半乳糖苷酶，其分子上的β-半乳糖吡喃糖苷基团将被裂解生成酚盐中间体，该中间体通过电荷转移消去一分子对甲基苯醌，最后生成分子结构上仅含有吡啶基团的非水溶性TPE衍生物，进而发生明显分子间聚集，产生AIE现象，导致发射强荧光。同时，探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以高灵敏度和选择性地检测β-半乳糖苷酶，其检测限低至0.33 U/mL。此外，探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "具有高细胞渗透性和低细胞毒性，可以用于在活细胞中对内源性β-半乳糖苷酶活性进行荧光成像（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图15", "type": "fig", "rid": "F15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。这种策略在癌症诊断和评估癌症化学疗法的效率方面具有很大的应用潜力。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F15", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图15" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子15的化学结构及其与β-半乳糖苷酶反应机理；（b）探针15对各种生物分子或酶的荧光响应；（c）HeLa细胞成像。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.15" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe 15 and the possible mechanism toward β-galactosidase. （b）Fluorescence response of probe 15 to various biomolecules or enzymes. （c）Imaging of HeLa cells." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879666&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879677&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879673&type=", "width": "152.18829346", "height": "73.71000671", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3.2　半胱天冬酶⁃3检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2c2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "半胱天冬酶分子是一类在进化上非常保守的蛋白酶类分子。半胱天冬酶-3（Caspase-3）分子在凋亡过程中以及炎症过程中起着重要作用。Caspase-3活性的异常水平与许多疾病密切相关，包括神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、败血症" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "84", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R84", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "84" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、自身免疫性疾病" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "85", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R85", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "85" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和癌症。对体外和体内半胱天冬酶活性的准确性和即时评估，在生物医学研究中能提供有价值的信息。因此，人们对开发用于检测和成像Caspase-3活性的荧光探针产生了极大的兴趣" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "86", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R86", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "86" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "87", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R87", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "87" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R86", "R87" ], "text": "86-87", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。近五年，对酶进行检测的荧光探针已有很多报道，此外，将多肽与AIE分子结合制备生物荧光探针用于酶的检测，成为了检测酶的另一策略。例如，Ding课题组" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "88", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R88", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "88" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "基于该原理设计合成了一种含有识别单元和肽序列的AIE探针16（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图16", "type": "fig", "rid": "F16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "）。实验结果证明，探针16具有一定的水溶性，因此在水溶液中发光较弱，但在加入Caspase-3后，其分子上的羧酸末端发生酶切割，除去了亲水部分，探针TPE-GFFYK的残基更有序地自组装，使TPE分子有序紧密堆积，从而限制了TPE分子上苯环的转动，产生AIE效应，实现了强荧光信号输出。与之前报道的Caspase-3检测方法相比，该探针检测限低至0.54 pmol/L，并且在溶液和癌细胞中可以感测相应的靶标的敏感性（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图16", "type": "fig", "rid": "F16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "），为设计高灵敏的荧光分子探针提供了新思路和方法。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F16", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图16" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "探针分子16的化学结构和TPE的有序自组装及其HeLa细胞成像" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.16" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The chemical structure of probe 16 and ordered self-assembly of TPE and its imaging in HeLa cells" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879679&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879684&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879682&type=", "width": "117.90034485", "height": "135.92517090", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3.3　碱性磷酸酶检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2c3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "碱性磷酸酶（ALP）是一种存在于多种组织（肝脏、骨骼等）中的重要酶，能够催化多种磷酸盐化合物的水解，并在体外具有广泛的底物特异性。由于生物体中异常ALP的水平通常会产生很多疾病" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "89", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R89", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "89" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "91", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R91", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "91" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R89", "R90", "R91" ], "text": "89-91", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，因此该酶广泛用作酶免疫测定和分子生物学的生物标志物。为了满足人类健康的迫切需求和精密医学的发展，开发一种具有高精确度和灵敏度的方法以快速定位在不同细胞中ALP的存在，对其在细胞水平的应用具有极其重要的现实意义。2018年，Zhao等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "92", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R92", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "92" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "设计并合成了一种基于TPE的含有磷酸基团的阳离子荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图17", "type": "fig", "rid": "F17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），可用于选择性检测ALP。由于该探针在水中具有较好的溶解性，致使其水溶液仅具有微弱荧光。但是加入ALP后，由于探针发生脱磷酸反应，释放出水溶性较差的水解产物，导致在水溶液中形成聚集体，使其荧光显著增加，并且在各种分析物中可以选择性检测ALP（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图17", "type": "fig", "rid": "F17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。通过该方法检测ALP的检出限低至7.7 U/mL。此外，这种特殊的荧光开启现象使探针能够以高灵敏度检测溶液和血清样品中的ALP。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F17", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图17" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子17的化学结构及其检测策略示意图；（b）与各种蛋白质孵育的发射强度。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.17" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe 17 and schematic illustration of the ALP detecting strategy. （b）The emission intensity of probe 17 incubated with various proteins." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879686&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879690&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879688&type=", "width": "129.67370605", "height": "138.89721680", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "另外，ALP也被确定为成骨分化的重要标志物。在成骨分化过程中，ALP可以增加无机磷酸盐的局部浓度并促进细胞矿化过程，监测细胞的ALP活性对于成骨分化具有重要意义。因此，迫切需要开发一种具有更高信噪比和更灵敏的生物探针以进行监测活干细胞中的ALP活性。Zeng等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "93", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R93", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "93" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "合成了具有不同数量磷酸基团的三种磷酸化TPE衍生物探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图18", "type": "fig", "rid": "F18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），用于对ALP的检测。由于磷酸基团的存在，分子具有很高的水溶性，从而发出微弱的荧光。在ALP存在下，TPE-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "PA（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " = 1,2,4）产物被水解而生成水溶性较低的TPE-" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "OH（" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " = 1,2,4）残留物。并且残留物形成大量聚集体，从而导致荧光显著增强。进一步研究表明，在活细胞中仅有TPE-2PA在成骨分化过程中显示出良好的细胞穿透性和高荧光信号比（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图18", "type": "fig", "rid": "F18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。该探针为我们提供了一种筛选活细胞中ALP活性以检测成骨分化的新策略。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F18", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图18" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子18的化学结构及其与ALP机理示意图；（b）探针18检测细胞ALP活性图；（c）商业方法检测细胞ALP活性图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.18" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure of probe 18 and their detection mechanism toward ALP. （b）Cellular ALP activity evaluated by probe 18. （c）Cellular ALP activity evaluated by commercial methods." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879692&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879696&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879694&type=", "width": "158.56964111", "height": "67.97094727", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3.4　肝素检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2c4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "肝素（Hep）是带负电荷最多的硫酸化多糖，它在调节各种生理过程中起着极其重要的作用。许多并发症是由Hep的过量或缺失引起的，例如出血、诱导的血小板减少症和其他副作用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "94", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R94", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "94" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "95", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R95", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "95" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R94", "R95" ], "text": "94-95", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，对人体中Hep含量的监测和检测在医疗应用中具有非常重要的意义。自2016年以来，已经制备出多种用于检测Hep的高灵敏性和选择性的AIE探针，并取得了很明显的成果，检出限降低，同时成功地进行了生物应用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "96", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R96", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "96" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "99", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R99", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "99" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R96", "R97", "R98", "R99" ], "text": "96-99", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "例如，Cui等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "100", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R100", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "100" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通过氰基乙烯键将吡啶基阳离子连接到TPE分子上，构建了一种新型的带正电的AIE型荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图19", "type": "fig", "rid": "F19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "）。该探针通过静电相互作用与带负电荷的Hep聚集，导致TPE分子内旋转受限，产生荧光增敏现象，从而实现了对肝素的检测。同时，探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "不受其他结构相似的类似物干扰，对Hep显示出快速而灵敏的特异性选择，检测限低至4 nmol/L。该探针还被成功应用于临床血清中Hep的高灵敏性检测。此外，由于Hep与鱼精蛋白（PRTM）之间的亲和力更强，因此TPE-P" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Hep复合物可以被PRTM进一步分解，从而有效地检测PRTM。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F19", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图19" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子19与Hep检测机理；（b）加入Hep前后的荧光光谱；（c）加入结构类似物荧光变化对应的点线图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.19" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The probe 19 and their detection mechanism toward Hep. （b）Fluorescence spectra before and after the adding of Hep. （c）Dot-line graph corresponding to the fluorescence change of the added structural analogs." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879699&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879702&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879701&type=", "width": "158.52777100", "height": "118.93261719", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2018年，Li等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "94", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R94", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "94" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "合成了一种基于TPE-NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图20", "type": "fig", "rid": "F20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "），通过探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "上所带的正电荷与Hep上带负电的硫酸盐之间发生静电相互作用，导致体系强烈的荧光增敏，从而实现对Hep的定量检测，检测限为35.89 ng/mL。更重要的是，探针的低毒性使其成为用于检测人血清基质中肝素的潜在功能传感器。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F20", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图20" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "探针分子20的化学结构及其与Hep的检测机理" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.20" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The chemical structure of probe 20 and their detection mechanism toward Hep" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879704&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879710&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879708&type=", "width": "139.95306396", "height": "70.99569702", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3.5　蛋白质检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2c5" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "蛋白质组研究旨在破译蛋白质水平上的生物过程，而蛋白质分析对于蛋白质组研究至关重要。目前，研究者已利用有机分子与蛋白质的化学反应或物理相互作用而引起的光物理性质变化，开发出许多用于蛋白质测定的分子荧光探针。传统有机染料分子由于在水性介质中或与蛋白质大量结合而发生聚集，产生ACQ现象，导致荧光猝灭，从而限制了该类探针的生物应用范围。因此，开发具有AIE特性的新型荧光探针具有重要意义。近五年，已经制备出多种用于蛋白质检测的AIE活性生物探针，并取得了很好的研究成果。例如，Tang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "101", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R101", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "101" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "合成了一种基于TPE的具有AIE特性的荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图21", "type": "fig", "rid": "F21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a）），成功用于蛋白质的检测。由于探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是一种水溶性磺酸盐，在水溶液中几乎不发光。但当在体系中添加牛血清白蛋白（BSA）后，两者通过分子间的强静电产生聚集，导致TPE旋转受限，产生AIE效应，从而发射出强荧光（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图21", "type": "fig", "rid": "F21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。因此，基于荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "优异的水溶性和结构稳定性，其有望成为在生物医学领域用于蛋白质定量检测的优质生物荧光探针。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F21", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图21" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针分子21的化学结构以及反应过程；（b）不同条件下的照片。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.21" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The chemical structure and the reaction progress of probe 21. （b）The picture of different conditions." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879713&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879719&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879716&type=", "width": "109.52020264", "height": "92.10574341", "fontsize": "" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.3.6　DNA检测" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s2c6" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于具有AIE特性的荧光分子在聚集状态下具有优于传统染料分子的发光性能，因此开发该类荧光探针具有重要意义。自2015年以来，研究者已开发出多种检测DNA的AIE型荧光传感器。为了提高静电络合荧光开启/点亮检测DNA的选择性和灵敏度，氧化石墨烯（GO）被智能地引入到检测系统中。例如，Luo等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "102", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R102", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "102" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "设计了一种基于氧化石墨烯（GO）和TPE基团的具有AIE性质的荧光探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图22", "type": "fig", "rid": "F22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（e）），实现了对DNA的快速选择性检测。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F22", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图22" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）当AIEgen连接到ssDNA时，荧光开启；（b）GO加入荧光系统后荧光关闭；（c）GO存在下comDNA与ssDNA杂交时，荧光再次开启；（d）各种AIE掺杂系统的发射光谱；（e）探针22的化学结构。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.22" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）The fluorescence is turn-on when the probe 22 is attached to ssDNA. （b）The fluorescence is turn-off after GO is added to the fluorescent system. （c）The fluorescence is turn-on again when the hybridization of comDNA with ssDNA in the presence of GO. （d）The emission spectra of various AIE doped system. （e）The chemical structure of probe 22." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879721&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879730&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879725&type=", "width": "159.46508789", "height": "101.01422119", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是通过先在TPE分子中键合三乙铵盐，然后再与氧化石墨烯通过静电作用结合制备得到的。由于季铵盐的存在，DNA结合分子1，1，2，2-四[4-（2-三乙基氨乙氧基）苯基]四溴乙烯（TTAPE）具有很好的水溶性，致使其激发态的能量易于通过TPE苯环的旋转而衰减，因此探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的荧光很弱。当将单链DNA（ssDNA）添加到溶液中时，探针分子中的季四烷基铵部分的正电荷通过静电相互作用与带负电荷的DNA序列的磷酸骨架结合，使得TPE芳环旋转受到限制，非辐射路径被阻塞，导致激发态能量通过辐射通道衰减，使得荧光强度显著增加（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图22", "type": "fig", "rid": "F22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（a））。此外，当将GO添加到AIE-ssDNA溶液中时，由于ssDNA对GO的高亲和力，使得TPE分子运动空间增大，易于通过其上苯环的旋转运动耗散激发态能量，导致荧光猝灭（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图22", "type": "fig", "rid": "F22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（b））。但当引入互补脱氧核糖核酸（comDNA）时，ssDNA与comDNA相互作用，形成新的AIE-双链DNA（dsDNA）体系，从GO上分离，从而激活TPE的AIE发光特性，荧光再次被点亮（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图22", "type": "fig", "rid": "F22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（c））。此外，还显示出了ssDNA和dsDNA系统的荧光强度的变化（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图22", "type": "fig", "rid": "F22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "（d）），这与DNA感测平台的响应过程非常吻合。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此外，Zhang等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "103", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R103", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "103" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通过将两个单链寡核苷酸连接到一个TPE基团，开发了一种用于DNA检测的双臂AIE探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "（" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图23", "type": "fig", "rid": "F23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "）。该探针在水介质中显示的荧光较弱，当与它们的互补链杂交时，荧光信号显著增强。此外，AIE-寡核苷酸偶联探针对DNA的同源序列特异性检测具有良好的前景，能够区分多达一个碱基的突变。当两个探针相互杂交时，由于杂交后形成的双螺旋结构限制了TPE中苯基结构的运动，从而开启其荧光，它在完美目标链的存在下能够显示出6.1倍亮的荧光。因此，可以有效地检测其互补链，其检出限为120 nmol/L。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F23", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图23" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的合成路线及其在核酸检测中的应用示意图；（b）TPE-2DNA1和DNA2、DNAM1、DNAM2、DNAM3存在下的PL光谱；（c）探针" }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在不同DNA链存在下的荧光强度。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.23" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "（a）Synthetic route of probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and schematic illustration of its application for nucleic acid detection. （b）PL spectra of TPE-2DNA1 and in the presence of DNA2， DNAM1， DNAM2， DNAM3. （c）Fluorescence intensity of the probe " }, { "name": "bold", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " in the presence of different DNA strands." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879732&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879739&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=35879735&type=", "width": "131.74328613", "height": "151.38439941", "fontsize": "" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "迄今为止，由于水溶性TPE衍生物具有合成简单、AIE发光性优异、生物相容性好、成本低和检测灵敏度高等优势，在生物大分子的选择性检测领域备受关注，相关研究报道逐年增加。但是，目前所报道的该类荧光探针仅仅只针对少数几种生物大分子具有优异的荧光响应性能和较为理想的检出效果，而对更多种类的生物大分子没有高灵敏度选择性检测的能力。因此，如何通过TPE衍生物分子的结构设计开发更多具有对不同种类生物大分子选择性检测的AIE型荧光探针，并揭示其荧光响应机理，从而拓宽其在生物医学领域的应用范围，将是科学工作者今后的研究重点和方向。总之，AIE为生物传感领域提供了众多的优势、无限的机遇和发展空间。" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　结论与展望" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "综上所述，与常规的ACQ探针不同，AIEgens是一类新兴的具有独特光物理性质的荧光分子，在高分散状态下不发光或微弱发射，而在高浓度或聚集状态下显示强发光现象。基于AIE分子的荧光传感器不仅克服了传统荧光分子聚集导致荧光猝灭的问题，而且还实现了对检测物更加快速、灵敏、特异性的检测。通过利用这种独特的AIE特性，各种AIE分子已被开发并广泛应用于生物医学领域。自2001年以来，多个研究小组将TPE核心作为基础，通过在外围进行修饰，并与各种生物体内的离子和分子相结合来调节光物理和化学行为，实现对生物金属离子、生物小分子及生物大分子的高灵敏选择性检测。在本综述中，我们主要总结和讨论了近年来基于TPE的AIE荧光材料在生物检测方面的一些研究进展，从TPE衍生物的生物传感器类型、检测优缺点和应用效果等方面进行简述和分析，为科研工作者开发出更多优异的AIE生物荧光传感器提供参考。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "目前，虽然基于TPE的生物传感器已经取得了快速的发展，但仍然存在一些急需解决的问题。例如，大部分非水溶性的TPE荧光探针目前仍存在生物相容性较差的缺陷，并且发光波长一般较短，因而在生物方面的应用受限。同时，待检测的重要生物分子的种类还有许多，进一步丰富探针的功能也是人们更加关注的方向。因此，可以设计分子向近红外、红外等长波长方向发展，并提高TPE荧光探针在水相中的溶解能力，降低生物毒性，以便使该类材料更高效和广泛地应用于生物医学领域，将是今后的主要研究目标和努力方向。此外，设计在TPE上键合更多功能性基团，实现与特定分析物的选择性受体位点结合，开发出对更多种类生物分子具有高灵敏度并且选择性检测的荧光探针，并将其与光学成像相结合，用于在生命体中对目标物进行实时检测和监测。同时，具有AIE活性生物大分子的功能和应用相关的研究可以通过结合功能单体和响应性单体来探索结构的多样性。相信随着科学工作者的努力和深入探索，将会开发出更多有效检测生物分子的AIE型荧光探针，扩大其在不同领域的实际应用，并对人类社会的发展起到重要的作用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址：" 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