Progress on Modulation Bandwidth of Quantum-dot LED in Visible Light Communication Enhanced Publication

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点LED用于可见光通信的调制带宽研究进展" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Progress on Modulation Bandwidth of Quantum-dot LED in Visible Light Communication" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "肖", "givenname": "华", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "XIAO", "givenname": "Hua", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [ "corresp", "first-author" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "en", "text": "*E-mail: oliviaxh@gdou.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "*E-mail: oliviaxh@gdou.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "肖华(1989-)，女，湖南邵阳人，博士，讲师，2020年于中国香港城市大学获得博士学位，主要从事半导体发光器件、可见光通信、纳米材料、光电器件失效分析等方面的研究。E-mail: oliviaxh@gdou.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": 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"givenname": "Xiang-tian", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff3", "text": "3" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "王", "givenname": "锐", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "WANG", "givenname": "Rui", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff3", "text": "3" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "王", "givenname": "恺", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "WANG", "givenname": "Kai", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff3", "text": "3" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor2", "lang": "en", "text": "wangk@sustc.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "wangk@sustc.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "王恺(1983-)，男，浙江余姚人，博士，南方科技大学长聘副教授，博士生导师，2011年于华中科技大学获得博士学位，主要从事量子点显示与量子点光电器件的研究。E-mail: wangk@sustech.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26724995&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26724996&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26724997&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "王恺" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1983-)，男，浙江余姚人，博士，南方科技大学长聘副教授，博士生导师，2011年于华中科技大学获得博士学位，主要从事量子点显示与量子点光电器件的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "wangk@sustech.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "wangk@sustech.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "广东海洋大学　电子与信息工程学院，广东　湛江　524000", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "广东海洋大学　电子与信息工程学院，广东　湛江　524000" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "广东海洋大学深圳研究院　科技发展中心，广东　深圳　518120", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "广东海洋大学深圳研究院　科技发展中心，广东　深圳　518120" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "Technology Development Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Technology Development Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff3", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "3", "text": "南方科技大学工学院　电子与电气工程系，广东　深圳　518055", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "南方科技大学工学院　电子与电气工程系，广东　深圳　518055" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "3", "text": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "可见光通信(Visible light communication,VLC)作为无线通信领域中与无线射频通信互补的一种空间通信技术，近年来吸引了众多研究人员的关注。除了通信链路的电路设计、调制模式之外，调制带宽是照明光源能否实现高质量VLC的关键因素。区别于传统有机LED、聚合物LED及以GaN/InGaN为代表的无机LED等照明光源，量子点LED(QLED)具备响应速度快、色纯度好、发光效率高、可同时用于光致发光和电致发光等优势，是一种理想的用于可见光通信的固态光源器件。然而，目前对QLED用于VLC的调制带宽机理研究较少，尤其是针对多色QLED以及电致发光QLED。本文从量子点的光转换机制出发，系统综述了不同QLED的调制机理，并对光致发光和电致发光QLED调制带宽的限制因素进行了总结和分析，为QLED在VLC中的应用提供了理论依据。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "As one of the wireless communication technologies, visible light communication(VLC) acts as a complement to radio frequency communication, and has attracted many researchers' attention in recent years. Except for electrical circuit designing and modulation mode designing in communication links, modulation bandwidth is one of the key factors to realize high-quality VLC. Different from traditional organic LEDs, polymer LEDs, and inorganic LEDs(such as GaN/InGaN LEDs), quantum-dot LEDs(QLEDs) show fast response, high color purity, high luminous efficiency, and they can realize photoluminescence and electroluminescence simultaneously. QLED is an ideal solid-state light source for VLC, however, literatures seldom report the mechanism of modulation bandwidth of QLED in VLC, especially the modulation bandwidth of multi-color QLED and electroluminescent QLED. Based on the light conversion mechanism of quantum dots, we systematically review the modulation mechanism of different QLEDs, and analyze the limitation of the modulation bandwidth of photoluminescence and electroluminescence QLEDs. This study lays the theoretical foundation for the application of QLEDs in VLC." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "可见光通信" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "发光二极管" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "量子点" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "调制带宽" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "visible light communication" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "light-emitting diode" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "quantum dot" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "modulation bandwidth" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "可见光通信(Visible light communication,VLC)作为无线通信领域中与射频通信互补的一种空间通信技术，具有无需频谱认证、抗电磁干扰、安全性高、节能、通信设备成本较低等优点，并已在室内定位" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、水下探测" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、交通运输" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R3", "R4" ], "text": "3-4", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等领域广泛展开研究。VLC中常用的调制方法有开关键控(OOK)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R5", "R6" ], "text": "5-6", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、正交频分复用(OFDM)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R7", "R8" ], "text": "7-8", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、离散多音调制(DMT)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、波分复用(WDM)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、脉冲振幅调制(PAM)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于通信调制频率远高于人眼对半导体光源闪烁的感知阈值，半导体光源可以同时实现照明和通信功能。光源调制特性的研究对实现照明和通信两用的白光光源有重要意义。有关不同光转换材料和通信光源的调制速度及响应时间，张屹林等做了详细的总结与分析" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。根据发光机理不同，具备调制特性的光源可分为有机和无机光源。其中，大功率发光二极管(LED)、Micro-LED等作为用于VLC的无机光源，具有量子效率高、尺寸小、稳定性好、响应速度快等优点，常用于激发光转换材料发光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。大功率蓝光LED带宽约3.5~4 MHz左右，Micro-LED的响应时间低至0.2 ns，带宽约几百MHz" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R14", "R15", "R16" ], "text": "14-16", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。为满足白光照明的要求，大功率蓝光LED常用荧光粉作为光转换材料。目前报道的采用大功率蓝光LED激发的方式测试所得的荧光粉带宽约从115 kHz到1 MHz不等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R17", "R18" ], "text": "17-18", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；除无机光源外，有机LED(OLED)和聚合物LED(PLED)被提出用作VLC的信号光源。与传统无机LED相比，OLED与PLED具有溶液加工特性的优势，可用于制备柔性面光源；然而，有机发光材料较长的荧光寿命(μm量级)限制了其在高频下的调制速度。多个研究表明，PLED和OLED的带宽仅限于几百kHz" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R19", "R20", "R21" ], "text": "19-21", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。通过预均衡" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、后均衡" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、模拟均衡器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等电路设计方法可以有效提高PLED和OLED的调制速度。对此，迟楠、陈雄斌等课题组做了大量研究。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "与有机染料类似，胶体量子点也满足溶液加工的要求；然而，量子点发光具有更短的响应时间、更高的色纯度、波长连续可调性、以及其可见光和近红外(NIR)体系材料对水氧的稳定性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。从20世纪80年代末“量子点”概念的提出开始，量子点技术发展至今，已广泛应用于新型柔性显示器件、照明光源、太阳能电池、生物检测等领域" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "26", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R26", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "26" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中，CdSe量子点的响应时间可低至10 ns，量子产率几乎达到100%，荧光半峰宽(FWHM)可达到20~30 nm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。CdSe量子点LED(QLED)的亮度可达10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "~10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，高于固态照明中10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "~10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的标准以及显示领域中10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "~10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的标准，可用于实现宽色域、快速响应、高稳定性的光源" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "28", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R28", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "28" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QLED作为一种固态光源器件，已在显示、照明、通信等多个领域展开研究。其中，有关QLED的照明性能已经有较多研究，但是结合QLED照明和调制特性的研究却较少报道。本文从量子点的光转换机制出发，对CdSe QLED发光特性和调制带宽的关系进行了详细研究，总结与分析了QLED光源在VLC中的应用前景、面临的困境以及解决方案。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QLED发光和调制机理" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QLED发光机理" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "根据发光机理不同，QLED分为光致发光QLED(QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")和电致发光QLED(QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。其中，QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通常采用蓝光LED激发量子点发出长波长光(如红光和黄光)。以YAG∶Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "荧光粉与CdSe/ZnS量子点分别作为黄色和红色光转换材料为例，其QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "器件结构及其对应单色光发射光谱如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1(a)、(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1(a)、(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。对QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "来说，当电子吸收光能跃迁到导带时，价带相应产生空穴。在量子点内部，由于电子与空穴之间存在库仑力，电子与空穴以激子的形式结合。其中的电子在受到外界微扰后以一定几率回到基态，并与空穴结合，发射光能。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)多色QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "器件结构示意图；(b)QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "中不同单色光发射光谱；(c)QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "器件结构示意图；(d)QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级结构示意图" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R29", "R30" ], "text": "29-30", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Schematic diagram of packaging structure of multichromatic QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)Monochromatic emission spectra of different colors in QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (c)Packaging structure of QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (b)Energy level diagram of QLE D" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R29", "R30" ], "text": "29-30", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26724986&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725004&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725003&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "相比QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的特点包括可使用溶液加工和柔性打印方式制作以及采用电注入方式直接进行光电转换等。以文献[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]中采用的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的器件结构为例，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1(c)、(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1(c)、(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "描述了CdSe/ZnS QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的器件结构和能级结构示意图。由于QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "中的发光过程包括载流子注入、传输、复合和发光，典型的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "由三文治结构组成。电子和空穴分别从阴极和阳极注入器件内部，并由电荷传输层进行传输，最终在有源层(量子点层)内部进行复合发光。量子内部狭窄空间产生的库仑力迫使导带中的电子和价带中的空穴进行结合，并以激子的形式形成电子-空穴对。激子的寿命有限，当激子回归基态时，以发光的形式释放能量。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QLED用于VLC的调制带宽" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "调制带宽" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "白光LED在VLC中的带宽与光转换材料的发光特性有关。当信号发生器产生的电信号以正弦波的形式发送到LED芯片后，LED芯片通过电光转换过程将光信号发射并传送至QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的光转换材料，从而使短波长光(如蓝光)的发光波长产生斯托克斯位移，转换成长波长光(如红光)。转化光对应光强可表示为入射光强(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "))与光转换材料脉冲信号响应(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "h" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "))的卷积。因为光转换材料可以看作线性时不变系统，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "h" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")可以描述为荧光寿命的一阶拟合曲线(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "exp(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-t'/τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "))，其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是初始光强，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是光转换材料的平均荧光寿命，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t'" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是时间变量" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "31", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R31", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "31" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。依据白光LED初始光强与光转换材料频率响应函数的卷积运算规则，输出的转换光强(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "out" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "))可表示为如下形式：" }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725020&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725005&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725006&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t'" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在卷积运算中代表时间变量的初始位移以及时间变量。白光LED中，交流和直流电耦合的总光强可表示为直流信号(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "U" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")以及信号发生器产生的交流信号(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "V" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "sin" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ωt" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")的总和。根据公式(1)，可推导出输出光强的函数表达式如下：" }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725007&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725021&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725011&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF2" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是角频率，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "φ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "是相位角。根据公式(2)，白光LED交流电分量的传递函数幅值可表示为输出光电压与输入光电压之比，并最终可用公式1/ " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725025&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725030&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725015&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "进行描述" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "27", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R27", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "27" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。通过该公式计算的光转换材料的频率响应可表示为" }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(3)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725032&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725036&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725039&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF3" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "当" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "fre" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=-3 dB时，可算得对应的带宽" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3-dB" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=1/2π" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。该公式与传统的LED芯片带宽计算公式类似，并在Xiao等的研究中证实了量子点光转换材料带宽计算公式与带宽实验测试结果的一致性" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "32", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R32", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "32" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。相比仅涉及单种光转换材料的白光LED，多种光转换材料叠加所产生的频率响应可表示为不同光转换材料频率响应的乘积。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "白光LED照明过程中对电流、光转换材料参数(如厚度、浓度等)的调节，会导致QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "照明光谱、不同颜色分量的比重产生改变，从而影响QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的总带宽" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。多色QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的带宽可根据白光中不同成分发射光所占比例以及不同成分发射光对应的频率响应曲线计算获得。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "描述了蓝光LED激发CdSe/ZnS量子点以及YAG∶Ce" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "荧光粉所得三色光对应的单色光频响曲线，以及荧光粉、量子点以及蓝光LED芯片的3 dB带宽。其混光所得多色白光的频率响应可表示为不同发光材质的频率响应与其所占发射光功率比例乘积的加权值，如下所示：" }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(4)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725041&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725043&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725045&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF4" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LED" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ph" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "M" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QD" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为LED芯片、荧光粉、量子点发射光功率的比例，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LED" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ph" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QD" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "f" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")为LED芯片、荧光粉、量子点的频率响应函数。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "描述了通过公式(4)计算所得多色QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的调制带宽(红色点状曲线)和实际测试所得的调制带宽(黑色散点)的一致性，并揭示了白光LED带宽与相关色温之间的非线性关系" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)蓝光LED、荧光粉、量子点的频率响应曲线；(b)不同相关色温(CCT)下QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "带宽变化及其拟合曲线" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Frequency response curve of blue LED, phosphors, and quantum dots. (b)Bandwidth of QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " under different CCT values" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725047&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725066&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725064&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "对于量子点材料的调制特性，目前测得的溶液状态的CdSe/ZnS量子点响应时间约10 ns，测试带宽约15.5 MHz；通过烘烤、固化工艺做成固态片状的CdSe/ZnS量子点响应时间约55 ns，测试带宽约4 MHz，其原因是固化过程中量子点团聚导致的非辐射复合几率增加" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "33", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R33", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "33" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "34", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R34", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "34" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R33", "R34" ], "text": "33-34", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在目前报道的用于VLC的Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点材料中，CdSe/ZnS量子点的光致发光带宽约为2.5~15 MHz" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其电致发光带宽约为2.5~10 MHz" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "35", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R35", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "35" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "］" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；钙钛矿量子点以及碳量子点的光致发光带宽约120~491 MHz左右(测试光源为激光光源)" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "36", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R36", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "36" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "37", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R37", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "37" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R36", "R37" ], "text": "36-37", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中，电致发光钙钛矿量子点的稳定性问题以及碳点的聚集问题仍有待解决。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "调制带宽" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "与光致发光器件不同，QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的带宽受到RC常数以及器件载流子寿命的共同影响" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "38", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R38", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "38" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中，RC常数(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")为描述光电子器件充放电的时间常数，取决于QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的等效电路结构，即取决于各功能层因涂覆工艺不同产生的接触电阻、不同能级之间产生的电荷累积等因素；而器件载流子寿命取决于功能层的传输性能以及载流子复合的时间，即取决于各功能层厚度、介电常数、迁移率等因素。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为研究QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "中RC常数以及载流子寿命对调制带宽的影响，文献[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]中针对ITO/ PEDOT∶PSS/TFB/QD/ZnO/Al结构的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "展开了发光面积以及驱动电流对带宽的影响机制研究。受RC常数限制的调制带宽(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")可表示为" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=1/2π " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "t" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "39", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R39", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "39" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。受载流子寿命(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")限制的调制带宽(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")可表示为" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=1/2π" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ=" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725067&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725070&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725079&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "e" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为电子电量，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "d" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为发光层厚度，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为复合系数，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为电流密度，电流密度" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "J" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和电子浓度呈正相关关系" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "40", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R40", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "40" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "41", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R41", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "41" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R40", "R41" ], "text": "40-41", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，对比不同电流下用" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "计算所得数据以及实验测量所得带宽，发现在小电流下，三者带宽几乎相同；然而在电流超过约10 mA之后，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "呈现陡峭的增长趋势，而" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与测试所得带宽几乎重合，且都远小于" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "计算所得带宽值以及量子点本身的带宽值15.5 MHz。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)2 mm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "测试所得频率响应曲线、计算所得" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及拟合所得" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ";(b)4 mm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "测试所得频率响应曲线、计算所得" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及拟合所得 " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": 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[ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(b)." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725081&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725084&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725072&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实验结果表明，在电流较小的时候，用" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "来描述QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "带宽是可取的，而大电流下限制带宽的因素不再是RC常数，而是" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在相同驱动电流下，小面积的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的RC常数较低，因此小面积样品的" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "较高。小面积QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的带宽在大电流下同样受载流子寿命的影响，但其带宽测量值比大面积QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "要高。根据公式" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ=" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725075&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725093&type=", "big": 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"type": "bibr", "rid": "R42", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "42" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及光致发光测试法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "43", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R43", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "43" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；然而，其计算结果仅反映整个器件的载流子寿命，并非有源层载流子寿命。基于目前已有OLED的等效电路不适用于评估QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "频率响应和推测QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "带宽的现状，利用一个能真实反映QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "不同层功能物理结构的等效电路，可用于推导器件有源层载流子寿命" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "44", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R44", "data": [ 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(b)The correspondence between the circuit components and physical layers of QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (c)Measured frequency response of the QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Q" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "). (d)Calculated frequency response of the equivalent circuit, " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "H" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "). (e)Calculated " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "F" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ") and fitting curves with " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "F" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ω" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")=1/ " }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725106&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725125&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725124&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". (f)Calculated carrier lifetime values under different " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "U" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "IN" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " values and the corresponding fitting curve" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "45", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R45", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "45" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725126&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725128&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725127&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "材料层种类与厚度等参数的选取可同时影响QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的发光和调制特性。文献[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]尝试使用PVK、poly-TPD、TFB等常用的空穴传输层材料进行发光性能和调试特性对比，发现在以ZnO作为电子传输层的QLED结构中(与文献[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "30", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R30", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "30" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]所用QLED结构相同)使用PVK作为空穴传输层会得到较高发光效率以及较低带宽，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)、(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)、(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。一方面，这是由于PVK的导带能级与量子点的价带能级较为匹配，空穴能较顺利进入量子点内部进行复合；另一方面，经计算，基于PVK材料的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "具备较高的电场常数和较高开启电压，导致其电阻值和电容值较高。与" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中基于TFB材料的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "不同，基于PVK材料的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其RC常数对应的带宽计算值" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "B" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "RC" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与其带宽测试的实际值一致，说明其带宽在不同电流下仅受限于RC常数。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)PVK、poly-TPD、TFB作为空穴传输层的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所得EQE以及亮度；(b)PVK、poly-TPD、TFB作为空穴传输层的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所得带宽；(c)TFB作为空穴传输层的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在不同TFB厚度下所得EQE以及亮度；(d)TFB作为空穴传输层的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在不同TFB厚度下所得带宽；(e)TFB作为空穴传输层的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在不同LiF厚度下所得EQE以及亮度；(f)TFB作为空穴传输层QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "在不同LiF厚度下所得带宽" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "46", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R46", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "46" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Characteristics of EQE and luminance(a), bandwidth(b) of three QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " samples(PVK QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", poly-TPD QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", and TFB QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ") measured at different current densities. Characteristics of EQE and luminance(c), bandwidth(d) of three TFB QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " samples with different HTL thicknesses measured at different current densities. Characteristics of EQE and luminance(e), bandwidth(f) of four TFB QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " samples with different LiF thicknesses measured at different current densities." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725129&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725131&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=26725130&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "空穴传输层的厚度在适中的情况下(如25 nm)可以较大程度提高器件外量子效率(EQE)及亮度，而器件带宽与空穴传输层材料厚度成负相关关系，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(c)、(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(c)、(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。LiF层厚度对器件发光和带宽的影响可以参考空穴传输层的研究结论：在适中的厚度(如1 nm)条件下，器件的外量子效率和亮度最高，而器件带宽仅在LiF厚度为零的情况下有最高值，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(e)、(f)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(e)、(f)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。根据香农定理(Shannon Theory),QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的发光光强和带宽同时对通信的传输速率产生影响" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "47", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R47", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "47" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。然而，上述研究结果显示QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的光强和带宽在一定条件下呈现相互制约的关系，即并非亮度越高带宽越高。因此，在VLC的光源设计中需要寻找光源发光特性和调制特性的均衡条件。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "QLED调制特性及其应用前景" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "相比QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的调制特性，QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的带宽受到发光芯片以及发光材料响应时间的限制，QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的带宽受到RC常数以及载流子寿命的局限。在持续提高器件驱动电流的情况下，QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的带宽都限制于其最终能承受的电流密度。对QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "来说，提高带宽的途径包括采用高带宽的激发光源以及通过减少量子点内部和表面缺陷的方法提高量子点的响应速度。对QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "来说，有几种提高带宽的途径：(1)通过提高载流子浓度来提高QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可承受的工作电流密度，对带宽的提高有直接作用；(2)缩小发光单元的面积可有效降低QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的RC常数，对部分RC常数限制的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "带宽的提高有直接作用；(3)在工艺条件允许的范围内降低QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的厚度，可缩短器件载流子的传输时间，提高带宽；(4)从张宇等团队对量子点材料的研究进展来看，量子点材料的表面处理" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "48", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R48", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "48" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、溶剂选择" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "49", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R49", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "49" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、核壳结构调整" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "50", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R50", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "50" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及量子点的配体修饰" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "51", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R51", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "51" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等方面对材料的响应时间进行改善，是进一步提高QLED带宽的有效手段。得益于QLED快速响应、波长连续可调、高稳定性、柔性制造特性等优点，QLED未来或在柔性屏通信、智慧照明、水下探测等照明-显示-通信结合的交叉领域有广泛的应用前景。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文从量子点的光转换机理出发，系统综述了QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的发光与调制机理，以及单色、多色QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "用于VLC的调制带宽计算方法。QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的总带宽取决于其不同颜色分量对带宽的贡献。光转换材料的调制带宽决定于其频率响应曲线，并最终受到光转换材料响应时间的限制。对于RC常数较小的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其调制带宽在低电流下容易受到RC常数的限制，然而在高电流下易受到载流子寿命的限制；对于RC常数较大的QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，其调制带宽仅受到RC常数的限制。有源层载流子寿命可通过建立等效电路的方法进行推导。其次，针对QLED发光特性和调制特性在一定条件下相互制约的现象，可从材料能级结构的匹配、量子点内部缺陷的改进以及量子点表面的修饰等方面进行改善。本研究指出了QLED用于VLC的可行性，并对QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "P" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和QLED" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "E" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "与可见光通信技术的融合提供了理论依据。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址：http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20220041." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献：" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LE TRAN M" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KIM S" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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