Single-longitudinal Mode Thulium-doped Fiber Laser in 2 050 nm Band Based on Passive Compound Triple-ring Cavity Enhanced Publication

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于无源三环复合子腔的2 050 nm波段单纵模掺铥光纤激光器" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Single-longitudinal Mode Thulium-doped Fiber Laser in 2 050 nm Band Based on Passive Compound Triple-ring Cavity" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "程", "givenname": "丹", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "CHENG", "givenname": "Dan", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "程丹(1993-)，女，黑龙江哈尔滨人，博士研究生，2014年于天津工业大学获得学士学位，主要从事光纤激光器方面的研究。E-mail: 14111021@bjtu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623138&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623142&type=", "big": 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[ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "冯亭(1986-)，男，河北张家口人，博士，教授，2014 年于北京交通大学获得博士学位，主要从事光纤激光、光纤传感器及其应用等方面的研究。E-mail: wlxyft@ hbu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623155&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623157&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623159&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "冯亭" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1986-)，男，河北张家口人，博士，教授，2014 年于北京交通大学获得博士学位，主要从事光纤激光、光纤传感器及其应用等方面的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "wlxyft@ hbu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "wlxyft@ hbu.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "韩", "givenname": "文国", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "HAN", "givenname": "Wen-guo", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { 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"label": "1", "text": "北京交通大学　电子信息工程学院，北京　100044", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "北京交通大学　电子信息工程学院，北京　100044" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "河北大学物理科学与技术学院　光信息技术创新中心，河北　保定　071002", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "河北大学物理科学与技术学院　光信息技术创新中心，河北　保定　071002" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "Photonics Information Innovation Center, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Photonics Information Innovation Center, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff3", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "3", "text": "中国科学院理化技术研究所　固体激光重点实验室，北京　100190", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中国科学院理化技术研究所　固体激光重点实验室，北京　100190" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "3", "text": "Key Laboratory of Solid State Laser, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Key Laboratory of Solid State Laser, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff4", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "4", "text": "河北建筑工程学院　电气工程学院，河北　张家口　075000", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "河北建筑工程学院　电气工程学院，河北　张家口　075000" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "4", "text": "College of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "College of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff5", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "5", "text": "大阪工业大学　电子信息系统工程学专业，大阪　999001", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "大阪工业大学　电子信息系统工程学专业，大阪　999001" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "5", "text": "Department of Electronics, Information Systems Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology(OIT), Osaka 999001, Japan", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Department of Electronics, Information Systems Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology(OIT), Osaka 999001, Japan" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "提出了一种在2 050 nm波段的基于新型无源三环复合子腔的单纵模掺铥光纤激光器。对所提出的新型复合三环子腔滤波器进行了详细的理论分析，可以通过调整其有效自由光谱范围和透射带宽实现超窄带滤波，从而确保激光器的单纵模运行。所搭建激光器的输出波长为 2 048.48 nm，光信噪比为 70 dB,100 min内的波长和功率波动分别小于 0.02 nm 和 0.453 dB。实验结果表明，激光器可以工作在稳定的单纵模输出状态。该激光器有望用于自由空间光通信或用作多普勒激光雷达的高功率光纤激光器的种子源。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A single-longitudinal-mode(SLM) thulium-doped fiber laser in 2 050 nm band enabled by a novel passive triple-ring compound cavity filter was proposed and demonstrated. Theoretically analyzing of this sub-cavity filter was performed in detail. The use of the compound cavity filter in the fiber laser guaranteed the SLM lasing by carefully adjusting the effective free spectral range and transmission bandwidth for ultra-narrow filtering. The output wavelength of the fiber laser was 2 048.48 nm, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio was 70 dB. The wavelength and power fluctuations measured within 100 min were less than 0.02 nm and 0.453 dB, respectively. Experimental results verified that the fiber laser could operate in a stable SLM lasing state. The proposed laser is promising to be used in free-space optical communication or be used as the seed source of the high power fiber laser for Doppler Lidar." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "光纤激光器" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "掺铥光纤" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "单纵模" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "光纤布拉格光栅" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "fiber laser" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "thulium-doped fiber" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "single-longitudinal-mode" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "fiber Bragg grating" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近年来，掺铥光纤激光器的发展已经逐步跟上掺镱、掺铒光纤激光器的脚步。掺铥光纤近30 THz的辐射范围(1 700~2 200 nm)为激光运行波长提供了更宽的选择范围。2 μm波段属于人眼安全波段，尽管没有激光可以保证对人眼绝对的安全，但这一波段的激光通常会被眼睛的玻璃体吸收而无法到达视网膜，使得其造成对人眼无法治愈的伤害的阈值要远高于其他短波长波段的激光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，该波段激光受到各应用行业的青睐，尤其在自由空间光通信等需确保人眼安全的领域。目前，针对2 μm波段激光器的研究主要集中在 1 900~2 000 nm掺铥光纤的高增益范围" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5" ], "text": "2-5", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，在增益较低的2 050 nm所提出的研究成果，尤其是对2 050 nm的单纵模光纤激光器的报道还相对较少。2 050 nm处于大气高透射窗口，该波长激光在大气中的透过率高达80%，使得其非常适用于直接能量传输、自由空间光通信，并且在2 050 nm附近的高光束质量高能激光器也可被应用于大气多普勒激光雷达。在2 050 nm左右稳定的单纵模激光光源在以上应用中不可或缺。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "然而，掺铥光纤在2 050 nm附近增益较低，因此在该波段范围搭建单纵模掺铥光纤激光器具有一定的挑战性。现已提出的在2 050 nm波段的单纵模激光器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R6", "R7", "R8" ], "text": "6-8", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "均采用铥钬共掺光纤作为增益光纤的短腔结构或商用分布反馈型半导体激光器，其他结构的激光器还鲜有报道。采用长腔结构增长掺铥光纤的长度来提供足够的增益也是一种解决方案，但目前还没有该类型激光器的报道。与短腔结构的单纵模激光器相比，长腔结构由于允许加入调节器件，因而更具有灵活性和性能拓展性。但是，长腔结构导致了更小的纵模间隔，需要可靠的机制来抑制多纵模振荡。通常，长腔结构中可以采用超窄带滤波器" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R9", "R10" ], "text": "9-10", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，或基于可饱和吸收体的自追踪窄带滤波器实现多纵模抑制" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R11", "R12" ], "text": "11-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。也可以采用复合腔结构，比如多环复合腔，这种类型腔结构的激光器通常由一个提供增益的主腔结合一个或多个无源子环腔组成" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R13", "R14", "R15", "R16", "R17" ], "text": "13-17", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。其中无源子环一般由一个或多个2×2光纤耦合器构成，作为滤波器在主腔中进行纵模选择。该结构的优势在于价格较低廉、灵活性高，通过优化各子腔长度及耦合器的耦合比可以实现不同的滤波效果，尤其适用于关键滤波器件相对缺乏的2 μm波段光纤激光器的单纵模滤波" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R18", "R19" ], "text": "18-19", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文采用环腔结构，利用实验室自制的光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg grating,FBG)将波长选定在~2 048 nm处，创新性地使用双3×3对称型光纤耦合器搭建无源复合三环子腔，理论分析了利用其实现光纤激光器单纵模运转的原理，并将其引入激光主环腔中成功实现了激光单纵模运行。与利用2×2光纤耦合器搭建复合环腔的传统方法相比，3×3光纤耦合器结构更加紧凑，搭建复合环腔滤波器可以减少光纤耦合器的使用数量，具有更好的设计灵活性和更低的复杂性。实验表明，所提出的激光器可以稳定激射在2 048.48 nm处，光信噪比约70 dB,100 min内波长及功率抖动分别不超过0.02 nm和0.453 dB，并稳定运转在单纵模状态。该激光器有望作为2 050 nm高功率激光器的种子源应用于自由空间光通信及大气雷达领域。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实验装置" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实验结构" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "搭建的单纵模掺铥光纤激光器实验结构如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "绿色虚框内所示。793 nm的泵浦光(最高输出功率12 W)经过790/2 000 nm (6+1)×1合束器(只用其中一支泵浦臂)注入腔内为增益光纤提供泵浦，一段芯子/内包层直径为10/130 μm、纤芯数值孔径为0.15的掺铥光纤(Nufern,Thulium-doped fiber,TDF)作为增益介质，其在793 nm处吸收系数为4.5 dB/m，为获得在2 050 nm 波段的足够增益，增益光纤长度选为4 m。掺铥光纤的另一端与光隔离器相连后接环形器的1端口，隔离器与环形器共同确保腔内激光的单向运转。一支实验室自制的FBG作为窄带高反射镜接于环形器的2端口，该光栅写制采用相位掩模板法，由248 nm KrF准分子激光器(Excimer laser)直接扫描写入到氢载后的单模光纤上，掩模板周期为1 423.6 nm，写入长度为20 mm。由Yokogawa AQ6375型光谱仪在分辨率为0.05 nm下测得的FBG的透射谱如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，光栅透射深度为14.9 dB，所对应反射率为 96.76%。测得的FBG反射峰半高全宽(FWHM)为0.2 nm。经FBG反射后的光信号通过环形器3端口经偏振控制器后注入到新型无源三环复合子腔中进行进一步的纵模选择，一个1×2光纤耦合器将10%激光从腔内提取输出。所搭建激光器总腔长为~11.6 m，对应纵模间隔为~18 MHz。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "环形腔掺铥光纤激光器实验结构图及激光输出特性测量结构图，TDF：掺铥光纤，FC：光纤合束器，ISO：隔离器，CIR：环形器，DI-PC：偏振控制器，OC：光纤耦合器，PD：光电探测器，OSA：光谱分析仪，FSA：频谱分析仪。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Experimental setup of the proposed fiber laser. TDF:thulium-doped fiber, FC: fiber combiner, ISO: isolator,CIR: circulator, DI-PC: drop-in polarization controller,OC: optical coupler,PD: photodetector,OSA: optical spectrum analyzer, FSA: frequency spectrum analyzer." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623161&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623166&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623164&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实验室自制FBG透射谱" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Transmission spectrum of the homemade FBG" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623170&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623180&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623176&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "无源三环复合子腔结构及选模特性理论分析" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由光栅透射谱换算所得的归一化FBG反射谱半高全宽为0.15 nm，在2 050 nm波段对应的频率范围为~10.7 GHz，所搭建的主环腔纵模间隔约为18 MHz，因此所提出的无源三环复合子腔需要确保从FBG带宽内近595个纵模中滤出一个纵模使得激光器可以形成单纵模振荡。为达到这一目标，无源三环复合子腔应满足如下条件：第一，由无源三环复合子腔形成的有效自由光谱范围 (Free spectral range,FSR) 应大于0.5倍的FBG反射带宽，确保在FBG的反射带宽内只有一条复合子腔的有效传输通带占优势" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "；第二，该复合子腔的有效传输通带带宽应为主腔纵模间隔的1~2倍左右" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "无源三环复合子腔结构如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "绿虚框中所示，该复合子腔由两个对称型3×3光纤耦合器(耦合比1∶1∶1)共同组成一个1.88 m长大环腔及两个内嵌的长度分别为0.3 m和0.7 m的小环腔。FSR 计算公式" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "FSR" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "c" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=3×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " m/s，为光速，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=1.44，为纤芯折射率，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为腔长)，可知大环对应的FSR约为~110 MHz，小环对应的FSR分别约为~700 MHz及~300 MHz。根据游标效应，复合环所对应的有效FSR应为该三环FSR的最小公倍数，约为23.1 GHz。在2 050 nm波段，其对应波长范围为0.32 nm，大于FBG的反射带宽。在此基础上，该窄带干涉峰将进一步对激光器进行纵模选择，复合子环的窄带干涉峰带宽由子环中最长环长决定，环长越长，带宽越窄。复合子环腔干涉峰带宽可根据公式得到" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623183&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623189&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623193&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "L" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为复合三环腔大子环腔腔长，" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623197&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623204&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623198&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为光在大子环腔传输一周后的损耗，可以表示为：" }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(2)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623208&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623212&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623217&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF2" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "其中，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "o" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为输入光强，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为在大子环腔传输一周后的剩余光强。给定两耦合器插入损耗为0.2 dB，计算得到的窄带干涉峰带宽为21 MHz，约为1.17倍的主腔纵模间隔，保证了在无源三环复合腔有效传输通带内仅有一个纵模被选出。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "我们进一步对所提出的无源三环复合子腔滤波器进行了仿真，仿真方法与我们之前工作中的仿真方法一致" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。本文中采用的3×3对称型光纤耦合器的传输矩阵为：" }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(3)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623219&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623223&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623228&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF3" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "仿真所得复合三环腔透射谱如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，其中红色线为测得的归一化后的FBG反射谱，蓝线表示仿真所得的无源三环复合子腔滤波器的透射谱。黄色虚线为无源三环复合子腔滤波器透射谱的包络，由该包络可以看出由无源三环复合子腔滤波器所形成的FSR为 0.14 nm(~10 GHz)，虽与上述估值略有出入，但由仿真所得的FSR依然大于0.5倍的FBG的反射带宽，可以使得在FBG反射带宽内只有一条有效传输通带占优势。插图为我们对在FBG反射谱反射率最高处仿真所得的复合三环滤波器透射谱局部放大，可以看出在中心波长处，滤波器中干涉形成的透射峰滤波带宽约为20.8 MHz，与上述估计的21 MHz 基本相符。由于过窄的传输通带带宽会使得激光器易受环境影响，使得激光器在受到环境扰动时发生跳模等不稳定输出，所以我们未继续压窄复合三环腔的干涉峰带宽，现有的带宽范围可以达到稳定的单纵模振荡效果。综上所述，所提出的无源三环复合子环腔理论上可以确保激光器的单纵模运行。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "无源三环复合子腔滤波器输出透射谱，插图为在激光中心波长处对复合三环滤波器透射谱的局部放大。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Transmission spectrum of the proposed compound triple-ring cavity filter, the inset is the zoomed-in transmission spectrum of compound triple-ring cavity filter at the central lasing wavelength." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623232&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623239&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623235&type=" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "激光器输出特性" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "激光器的搭建及测试均在室温下进行，并和泵浦源放在同一个普通工作台上，整个激光器系统并未施加任何的温度补偿装置及隔振装置。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "激光器输出特性测量结构如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "蓝色虚框中所示，输出激光经耦合比为50∶50的1×2光纤耦合器分成两路，一路接入光谱仪进行光谱测量，另一路接入一个带宽为1 GHz的2 μm波段的光电探测器(Photodetector,PD)后，再接入带宽为8 GHz的频谱分析仪(Frequency spectrum analyzer,FSA)，在光谱测量的同时观测激光器的单纵模特性。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "激光器阈值为 3 W，在此基础上继续提高泵浦功率直到获得稳定的激光输出，此时泵浦功率为 3.6 W，激光光谱如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。测量所用光谱仪分辨率为0.05 nm，激光的中心波长在 2 048.48 nm，与FBG透射峰中心波长相比偏移了 0.04 nm，该波长漂移主要由温度扰动及在测量光栅时由固定光栅带来的应力扰动造成。所得输出激光的 3 dB带宽为 0.05 nm，与光谱仪分辨率相近，因此该带宽测量结果受到光谱仪分辨率限制。输出激光的光信噪比(Optical signal to noise ratio, OSNR)为 70 dB。较高的OSNR体现了激光器良好的振荡质量及无源三环复合子环腔良好的选模能力。为证明激光器的短期稳定性，我们在 10 min内以 1 min为间隔用光谱仪扫描测量输出光谱，期间泵浦功率不变，10 次测量结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "内3D插图所示，光谱几乎没有波长漂移及功率抖动。此外，我们对激光器的长期稳定性也进行了测试，在保持泵浦功率不变的情况下，每隔10 min对激光光谱进行测量，总时长100 min，所得激光器波长及功率抖动如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。100 min内波长漂移量小于0.02 nm，已小于OSA的测量分辨率，功率抖动小于0.453 dB，表明了激光器优秀的波长与功率稳定性。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "单纵模激光器输出光谱" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Single longitudinal mode fiber laser output spectrum" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623243&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623251&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623247&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "100 min内激光器输出波长和功率抖动" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fluctuations of output wavelength and power over 100 min" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623257&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623267&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623262&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在测量光谱的同时，激光器的单纵模运转特性通过自零差法测量确认，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(a)、(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(a)、(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别为扫描范围为100 MHz 和 1 GHz的激光器拍频结果。从图中可见，扫描范围内没有任何明显的拍频信号被捕捉到，说明激光器运行在单纵模状态下。为了验证单纵模运转的稳定性，连续扫描并每隔10 min存储一次拍频测试结果。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(a)、(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(a)、(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "内插图分别为100 MHz和1 GHz扫描范围内，在50 min内分别存储的5次测量结果，可以看出均没有拍频信号被捕捉到，证明激光器运行在稳定的单纵模状态。为了验证所提出的无源三环复合子腔的选模能力，移除复合三环腔后对激光器进行拍频，拍频结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。可见，当移除复合三环后，频谱仪在各频谱范围内均检测到了明显的拍频信号，说明在没有复合三环腔作用下，激光器运转在多纵模状态，所提出的复合三环腔对纵模的抑制起到了至关重要的作用。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "频谱仪所测激光器存在子环情况下，频率范围为0~100 MHz(a)及频率范围为0~1 GHz(b)激光器自零差法拍频结果，其中插图为每隔10 min所测得的拍频结果；(c)激光器无子环情况下频率范围为0~1 GHz及0~100 MHz的拍频结果。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The self-homodyne RF beating spectra of the laser with the compound ring cavity measured by FSA under the frequency range of 0-100 MHz(a) and 0-1 GHz(b), the insets are the RF beating spectra measured every 10 min. (c)RF beating spectra of the laser without compound ring cavity measured in the frequency range of 0-1 GHz and 0-100 MHz." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623271&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623284&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623278&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "最后，在耦合器的10%输出端口处用功率计(Ophir StarLite)对激光器的输出功率进行了测量，单纵模激光器输出功率随泵浦功率变化曲线如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。实验中所使用的增益光纤截面是八边形结构，与其相连的合束器及隔离器的尾纤均为10/130 μm匹配光纤及普通单模，尽管我们已经尽力优化对增益光纤的熔接，但由三种光纤之间离子扩散以及尺寸不匹配引起的模式失配导致的熔接损耗依然比较严重。并且，掺铥光纤在2 050 nm附近较小的增益系数也使得激光无法像在其他波段(1 900~ 2 000 nm) 一样具有较高的增益及斜率效率。同时，在该波段无源器件的插入损耗也大于其他波段，进一步增加了腔内损耗。除此之外，实验中为了降低激光器的阈值，采用的激光器输出耦合比较小。以上原因造成激光器总输出功率以及斜率效率均比较低。但是曲线具有很好的线性度，说明激光器并未达到饱和，随着泵浦功率的提高，单纵模激光器的输出功率可继续提高。然而，考虑到过高的泵浦功率会在腔内引入较高自发辐射噪声及热噪声，从而造成光信噪比下降及线宽展宽，因此在泵浦功率达到5.64 W后便未再继续提高注入泵浦功率，此时激光器输出功率为6.79 mW，斜率效率为0.25%。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "激光器输出功率随泵浦功率变化特性曲线" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Laser output power variation with pump power" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623288&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623295&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24623289&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "所提出的激光器达成的技术指标与其他基于不同技术的单纵模掺铥光纤激光器的技术指标对比如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表1", "type": "table", "rid": "T1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。由于目前对2 050 nm波段单纵模种子源的报道相对较少，这里给出的其他研究工作围绕在~1 940 nm波段。从对比结果可以看出，本文所提出的激光器具有高OSNR、高稳定性的优势。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于不同技术的单纵模掺铥光纤激光器最高光信噪比及功率抖动比较" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab. 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Maximal power fluctuation, maximal OSNR comparison of SLM TDFL based on different techniques" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Technique" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px 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"name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文报道了一种基于无源三环复合腔的2 050 nm波段单纵模光纤激光器，并对其输出稳定性进行了详细表征。理论分析了利用该无源三环复合腔实现激光器单纵模振荡的原理，并实验证明了所提出的光纤激光器可以稳定运转在单纵模激光输出状态。激光输出波长为2 048.48 nm，光信噪比为70 dB,100 min内的波长抖动和功率抖动分别小于0.02 nm和0.453 dB。优异的光信噪比及稳定的激光输出使其具有继续作为后续光放大系统的种子源的能力，未来有潜力应用于激光雷达及空间光通信系统中。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址：http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20210334." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献：" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "SCHOLLE K" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "FUHRBERG P" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KOOPMANN P" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { 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