Elaboration and Mid-infrared Emission of KYb₃F₁₀∶Er³⁺ Nanocrystals Embedded in Glass Ceramics Enhanced Publication

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"prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "ZHAO", "givenname": "Peng", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" }, { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "赵鹏(1996-)，男，安徽安庆人，硕士研究生，2019年于合肥城市学院获得学士学位，主要从事稀土离子掺杂氟氧化物微晶玻璃中红外发光机理的研究。E-mail: zhaopengcom@163.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622687&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622691&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622694&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "赵鹏" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1996-)，男，安徽安庆人，硕士研究生，2019年于合肥城市学院获得学士学位，主要从事稀土离子掺杂氟氧化物微晶玻璃中红外发光机理的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "zhaopengcom@163.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "zhaopengcom@163.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "叶", 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"data": "liuxueyun@nbu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "liuxueyun@nbu.edu.cn", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "郭", "givenname": "海", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "GUO", "givenname": "Hai", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff3", "text": "3" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor2", "lang": "en", "text": "*ghh@zjnu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "*ghh@zjnu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "郭海(1980-)，男，江西吉水人，博士，教授，2005年于中国科学技术大学获得博士学位，主要从事新型稀土光学功能材料的研究。E-mail: ghh@zjnu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622714&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622718&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622726&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "郭海" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1980-)，男，江西吉水人，博士，教授，2005年于中国科学技术大学获得博士学位，主要从事新型稀土光学功能材料的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ghh@zjnu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "ghh@zjnu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "宁波大学　高等技术研究院，浙江　宁波　315211", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "宁波大学　高等技术研究院，浙江　宁波　315211" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "宁波海洋研究院，浙江　宁波　315832", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "宁波海洋研究院，浙江　宁波　315832" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo 315832, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo 315832, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff3", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "3", "text": "浙江师范大学　物理系，浙江　金华　321004", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "浙江师范大学　物理系，浙江　金华　321004" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "3", "text": "Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "由于在军事和民生领域重要的应用潜力，~3 μm激光光源的开发一直以来受到了极大关注。传统中红外激光玻璃因其较高的声子能量会极大削弱发光离子的辐射跃迁几率，导致无法获得有效激光输出。因此，寻找高效且稳定的中红外~3 μm激光增益材料具有重要价值和研究意义。本文报道了在氟硅酸盐玻璃中SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-ZnF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KF-YbF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-ErF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "原位析出KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶，获得的微晶玻璃样品可保持80%以上的透过率。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了玻璃中纳米晶体种类和元素分布。在980 nm激光二极管(LD)激发下，热处理后的样品中Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "位于2.7 μm处的发射带强度获得极大增强(相比于未经热处理的样品增强了约19倍)，进一步结合吸收光谱和稳态光谱结果对其发光增强机理进行了解释。研究结果可为开发~3 μm激光增益材料提供相关数据和研究思路。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Mid-infrared lasers operating at around 3 μm have been paid much attention due to their significant potential at civil and military field. Traditional mid-infrared laser glass matrix presents high phonon energy, which causes the radiative transition probability of luminescent ions being greatly weakened, and thus leads to the inability to obtain effective laser output. Therefore, it is of great value to explore efficient and stable gain materials for 3 μm laser. In this paper, we report the " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "in-situ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " precipitation of KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "∶Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nanocrystals from SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-ZnF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-KF-YbF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-ErF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " fluorosilicate glass matrix. The obtained glass ceramic can maintain more than 80% transmittance. The nanocrystal species and elemental distribution in the glass were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) technology. Under 980 nm laser diode(LD) excitation, the mid-infrared emission at 2.7 μm of Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "for the heat-treated sample is greatly enhanced, which is about 19 times stronger than that of the precursor sample. The related mechanism for the luminescence enhancement is further explained by the results of absorption spectra and steady state fluorescence spectra. The present results may provide reference data and research ideas for the development of ~3 μm laser gain materials." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "微晶玻璃" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "氟化物纳米晶" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "铒离子" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "中红外荧光" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "glass ceramics" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "fluoride nanocrystals" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " ions" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "mid-infrared emission" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "近年来，中红外(~3 μm)激光在医疗手术" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、安全雷达、遥感" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和大气污染监测" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等领域显现出广阔的应用前景，从而受到了越来越多的关注。稀土离子具有丰富的能级结构，通过能级间跃迁可获得覆盖不同波段的光谱发射，被认为是理想的发光激活剂。目前，能产生~3 μm波段发射的稀土离子主要有Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、Ho" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Dy" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R4", "R5", "R6", "R7" ], "text": "4-7", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。然而，由于缺乏与商用大功率808 nm或980 nm激光二极管(LD)能量相匹配的吸收能级，Ho" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Dy" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "无法被直接有效泵浦。但Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "可以有效地吸收商用808 nm或980 nm激光光子，通过辐射跃迁，产生中红外2.7 μm发光。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此外，基质材料是获得Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "高效中红外2.7 μm输出的关键影响因素，因为稀土离子中红外发射极大地依赖于基质材料的声子振动，高声子振动能量通常会导致发光猝灭" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，寻找具有低声子能量的基质材料对获取中红外荧光光源是十分必要的。在过去的几十年里，研究人员开展了大量基于高效中红外荧光基质材料的制备和相关性能研究，大多数集中于单晶和玻璃材料。然而，尽管单晶体呈现了优异的发光环境，但其制备程序复杂、周期长、原料昂贵，极大地限制了单晶作为中红外激光增益材料的发展" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R9", "R10" ], "text": "9-10", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。另一方面，氟化物玻璃具有较低的声子能量，但其制备条件苛刻，机械和化学稳定性较差，无法满足其在一些如潮湿、酸碱、高压环境下的应用需求" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R11", "R12" ], "text": "11-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在这种情况下，一类新型基质材料——氟氧化物微晶玻璃，即在氧化物玻璃基质中析出氟化物纳米晶体，引起了广泛关注。该种材料制备方法简单，同时既具有氧化玻璃良好的机械稳定性，又具有氟化物晶体优异的低声子发光环境，是稀土离子优选的基质材料" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R13", "R14", "R15", "R16", "R17", "R18" ], "text": "13-18", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文通过调整组分设计合成了一种以敏化离子Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为目标晶体中心离子的氟氧化物微晶玻璃，旨在通过该方式高效吸收980 nm LD泵浦光子，同时为Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提供可嵌入的低声子能量发光环境，从而获得高效的2.7 μm荧光发射，为探索中红外激光输出提供研究思路。我们利用热分析DSC、XRD和TEM技术表征了微晶玻璃样品的热学和结构特性，研究了不同热处理温度下样品的2.7 μm中红外光谱性能，并对其发光增强机理进行了分析讨论。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实验" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "样品制备" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "玻璃配方为：70SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-15ZnF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-15KF-0.5YbF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-1ErF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(%)，所用原料及其纯度为：SiO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(99%)、ZnF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(99%)、KF(99%)、YbF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(99.99%)和ErF" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(99.99%)。按配方称取25 g原料并在玛瑙研钵中充分混合均匀，装入铂金坩埚后，将其置于高温升降电炉中在1 600 ℃下熔融20 min。随后，将玻璃熔液迅速倒在不锈钢板上淬火，形成透明前驱体玻璃(PG)，然后在400 ℃退火2 h以释放内应力。为获得透明微晶玻璃，将所制备的前驱体玻璃分别在500,520,540,560,580 ℃热处理20 h，所制得的微晶玻璃样品分别标记为GC500、GC520、GC540、GC560和GC580。然后，将GC和PG样品切割并光学抛光成10 mm×10 mm×2 mm的小块进行光学测量。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "样品表征" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本研究中使用德国纳博热N60精密温控马弗炉进行退火处理。通过德国耐驰STA 449F3型同步热分析仪(DSC)获取玻璃转变温度和晶化温度，升温速率为10 K/min，氩气气氛保护。利用德国布鲁克公司的Bruker D2型X射线衍射仪对样品中析出的晶相类型进行表征，测试角度范围为20°~80°，步长为0.5°。通过美国FEI Talos F200S型透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了样品中晶体颗粒的微观形貌特征及元素分布，TEM制样是取少量玻璃粉末分散于无水乙醇中，然后将溶液超声分散处理后滴在覆有碳膜的铜网上烘干后用于测试。借助美国Perkin-Elmer公司Lambda 950型分光光度计测得了样品的吸收光谱和透射率，测试波长范围为250~1 700 nm。中红外荧光光谱由英国Edinburgh公司FLS980荧光光谱仪测定，980 nm LD作为泵浦光源，泵浦功率为0.8 W，测试范围选取2 400~3 000 nm。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结果与讨论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "热学与结构分析" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为前驱体玻璃样品的DSC曲线。由图中可知，玻璃化转变温度(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "g" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")约为479 ℃，而位于638 ℃和789 ℃处两个明显的放热峰分别对应于氟化物晶相和氧化物基质相的完全结晶温度。为了同时保证玻璃的透明度和高结晶度，本实验中我们选择热处理温度从500 ℃开始以每间隔20 ℃为一个点进行热处理。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "前驱体玻璃样品的DSC曲线" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "DSC curve of the PG sample" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622731&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622742&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622733&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了探测玻璃中是否析出目标纳米晶体，首先对前驱体玻璃和微晶玻璃样品进行了XRD测试，结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。从图中可以看出，前驱体玻璃出现了微弱的衍射峰，衍射峰位置与KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "晶相标准卡片(JCPDS No.27-462)相吻合，表明前驱体玻璃中原位析出了少量KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶，但大部分依然是玻璃基质相。随着热处理温度的升高，相应样品的衍射峰变得越来越尖锐，说明KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶在玻璃基体中逐渐长大，并伴随着结晶度逐渐增加。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表1", "type": "table", "rid": "T1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "列出了所有样品中析出的纳米晶平均粒径大小和结晶度。由" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表1", "type": "table", "rid": "T1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可知，GC560样品晶粒尺寸约为13.7 nm，结晶度为8.6%。结晶度的升高有利于更多的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "进入到KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中。值得注意的是，对于GC580样品，尽管其结晶度增加，但同时由于晶粒长大引起的光学散射增强，导致样品透明度下降较明显，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "插图中玻璃样品照片所示。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "前驱体玻璃与微晶玻璃样品的XRD图，插图为玻璃样品照片。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "XRD patterns of PG and GC samples, and the inset is the photograph of glass samples." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622746&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622757&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622751&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "前驱体玻璃与微晶玻璃中纳米晶平均尺寸和结晶度" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab. 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The nanocrystalline size and crystallinity in samples" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "粒径尺寸/nm" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结晶度/%" } ] } ] ], "body": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "PG" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7.6" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4.2" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GC500" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11.5" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6.3" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GC520" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12.1" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7.1" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GC540" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12.6" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7.8" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GC560" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13.7" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8.6" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GC580" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16.7" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9.5" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于此，我们选取GC560样品为代表性样品对其进行TEM测试，以进一步深入研究析晶玻璃的微观结构，测试结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中TEM图可以看出球形颗粒均匀分布在玻璃基质中，晶粒尺寸集中分布在12 nm左右(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，与XRD计算结果较一致。小的晶体尺寸可减少其对光的散射作用，有助于保持高透过率。此外，由于KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "晶体折射率(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "≈1.48)与玻璃基质(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "≈1.5)折射率较匹配，同样也能促进玻璃样品具有高透过率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，该结果与" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "的结果非常一致。从插图中的选区电子衍射图(SAED)可以看到明显的衍射亮环图，证实玻璃中析出的纳米晶体为多晶衍射特征。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中的高分辨TEM(HRTEM)图像清晰地显示出晶体的晶格条纹，根据软件计算晶格条纹间距" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "d" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "值约为0.201 nm，这与KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "晶体的(440)晶面间距相匹配。为了分析玻璃中元素的分布情况，在高角环形暗场HAADF模式下测试了Yb、Er、K、F元素的二维分布图，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(d)~(h)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(d)~(h)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。由图可见，Yb、Er元素的分布与晶粒分布非常一致，结合XRD测试结果，进一步表明析出的纳米颗粒为KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "晶体，并且Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子成功嵌入了KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中。氟化物晶体KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "具有较低的声子能量，可以为Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "提供良好的晶体场环境，减少非辐射跃迁几率，增强Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的2.7 μm中红外发射强度。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GC560样品的TEM和SAED图(a)、HRTEM图(b)、纳米晶尺寸分布图(c);(d)~(h)样品的HAADF图和对应的Yb、Er、K、F元素的二维元素分布图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TEM image and SAED pattern(a), HRTEM(b), and particle size distribution(c) of GC560 samples. (d)-(h)HAADF image and the associated Yb, Er, K and F two-dimensional element mapping, respectively." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622760&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622773&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622768&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "吸收光谱分析" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为前驱体玻璃和微晶玻璃样品在250~1 700 nm波长范围内的吸收光谱。在所有样品的吸收光中均可以观察到明显的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "吸收峰，主要位于378,488,521,545,651,798,978,1 530 nm，分别对应Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "基态" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "到" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "G" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "H" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "S" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、 " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "激发态的跃迁。热处理后样品GC中Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的吸收峰位置和强度与前驱体玻璃PG的相比并未发生明显变化，但GC样品位于1.5 μm(" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")处的吸收带发生了明显的斯塔克劈裂现象，该现象可证明Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "所处周围晶体场环境更加对称，即Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "成功进入了KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶体中" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "前驱体玻璃和微晶玻璃样品的吸收光谱，插图为样品的透射光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Absorption spectra of PG and GC samples,the inset shows the transmittance spectra." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622778&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622790&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622783&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此外，从插图中透射光谱可以看出，当热处理温度从500 ℃增加到560 ℃，玻璃透过率逐渐降低，这归因于热处理后玻璃中的KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米颗粒生长导致光学散射逐渐增强，但玻璃透过率依然可以保持80%以上，满足透明光电子领域的应用需求。然而，当温度升高到580 ℃，样品在可见光范围出现了严重的吸收，透过率明显降低。这说明在这一热处理温度下纳米晶的生长速度较快导致颗粒尺寸相对较大，因此对可见区域入射光造成了强烈散射，从而导致样品的透明度降低" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这一结果与" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "插图中的照片非常吻合。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "中红外荧光光谱及发光增强机理分析" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "给出了在980 nm LD激发下玻璃样品的中红外发射光谱。在前驱体玻璃中探测到微弱的、中心位于2.7 μm的发光，该发光源于典型的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "→" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "辐射跃迁。对样品进行不同温度热处理后，对应的2.7 μm处发光强度逐渐增强，特别是GC560相比较PG的发光强度增强了约19倍。根据上文分析可知，尽管前驱体玻璃在熔融过程中原位析出了KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶，但此时纳米晶体数量较少(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中XRD所示)，大多数Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "仍然留在玻璃基质中。由于Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的2.7 μm发光对应的能级间隙很小，因此在硅酸盐玻璃基质中这一发光很容易被其高声子能量猝灭，这也是前驱体玻璃的2.7 μm发光较弱的原因" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。而随着热处理温度的升高，基质中析出的KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶结晶度不断增加，更多的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "将会优先进入到具有低声子能量环境的KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "氟化物纳米晶中，因此辐射跃迁几率增加，从而获得明显增强的2.7 μm中红外发光。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "980 nm LD激发下前驱体玻璃和微晶玻璃样品的2.7 μm荧光光谱" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Mid-infrared fluorescence spectra of PG and GC samples excited by 980 nm LD" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622795&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622804&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622801&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了进一步验证上述结论，测试了所有样品在980 nm LD激发下Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的1.5 μm荧光发射谱。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，升高热处理温度导致1.5 μm发光持续减弱，这一变化行为恰好与2.7 μm发射呈相反趋势。引起上述现象的原因将在下段中进行解释。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "980 nm LD激发下前驱体玻璃和微晶玻璃样品的1.5 μm荧光光谱" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Near-infrared fluorescence spectra of PG and GC samples excited by 980 nm LD" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622810&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622820&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622817&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "通常情况下，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的引入可以提高对980 nm泵浦光的吸收效率，从而有助于敏化增强Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的荧光发射。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "给出了Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级跃迁及可能的能量传递过程。如图所示，Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "优先吸收980 nm光子从基态" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级被激发至" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级，由于" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级所处的能量位置与Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级位置相当，所以受激发的Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以共振传递方式将吸收的能量传递给临近的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，使得Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "基态" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级上的电子跃迁至" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级，当处于该能级上的一部分电子通过辐射跃迁方式回到" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级时产生2.7 μm荧光。除了辐射跃迁，" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级上的电子也会通过无辐射过程弛豫到" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级，然后进一步辐射跃迁回到基态" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级，发出1.5 μm荧光。在PG样品中，由于声子能量较大，" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级上的电子无辐射弛豫到" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级过程非常强烈，所以容易探测到1.5 μm发光，但几乎很难观察到2.7 μm发光。而对于GC样品，热处理后越来越多的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "进入到氟化物KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中，其所处周围环境声子能量显著降低，因此" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级上的电子无辐射过程被抑制，对应的2.7 μm发光明显增强，同时1.5 μm荧光发射减弱(如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "、" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示)。由上述结果可知，通过提高结晶度可以增强2.7 μm发光上能级(" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")的粒子数布居。此外，随着越来越多的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "倾向于嵌入到KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中，Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的局部聚集增多，使得Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "-Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "之间距离缩短，两个Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "之间通过能量传递过程(ETU)增加了" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级的粒子数布居，然后电子非辐射弛豫到" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级，从而也可以促进2.7 μm荧光发射" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级跃迁及可能的能量传递过程" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Energy level of Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", and possible energy transfer process." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622825&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622832&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622829&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "除了荧光增强外，2.7 μm荧光上能级(" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")与下能级(" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622836&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622845&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622841&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")之间是否能够实现粒子数反转一直是影响2.7 μm 激光输出的关键因素。为了评估输出激光的可能性，分别测试了808 nm LD泵浦下，前驱体玻璃和微晶玻璃样品中Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级(980 nm)和" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级(1.5 μm)的荧光衰减曲线，所得结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。各样品的衰减曲线都呈现双指数衰减特征，进一步拟合得到了Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对应的能级寿命值，结果列于" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表2", "type": "table", "rid": "T2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中。从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表2", "type": "table", "rid": "T2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中可以看出，相比前驱体玻璃，微晶玻璃样品的两个能级荧光寿命明显增大，特别是对于" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级，其荧光寿命从0.13 ms增大至1.43 ms," }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级的荧光寿命同样从2.01 ms增大至6.34 ms。该结果进一步证实，随着结晶度的增加，更多Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子进入到了低声子能量的氟化物纳米晶中，" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级上的电子无辐射弛豫减弱。但是，目前条件下" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级荧光寿命始终短于" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级荧光寿命，难以产生粒子数反转，因此限制了2.7 μm 激光的输出。造成该现象的原因可能是当前玻璃中纳米晶体的数量有限，Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "嵌入到纳米晶体的程度不够高，Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的2.7 μm发光仍然相对较弱。此外，Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂浓度低也是导致该微晶玻璃中红外荧光增益不高的原因之一。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "前驱体玻璃和微晶玻璃样品的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(a)和" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(b)能级衰减曲线" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Decay curves of the " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(a) and " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(b) energy levels of PG and GC samples" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622851&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622860&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=24622856&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "前驱体玻璃和微晶玻璃中" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "能级的寿命值" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab. 2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Calculated lifetime value of " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " and " }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " energy levels in PG and GC samples" } ] } ], "note": [], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")/ms" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "τ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13/2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")/ms" } ] } ] ], "body": [ [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "PG" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0.13" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.01" } ] } ], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GC500" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "0.41" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": 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], [ { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "GC580" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1.43" } ] }, { "colspan": "1", "rowspan": "1", "align": "center", "style": "border-bottom:1px solid #000;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6.34" } ] } ] ], "foot": [] } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文成功制备了Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "掺杂纳米复合透明氟氧化物微晶玻璃。敏化离子Yb" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶形式原位析出于前驱体玻璃中，后续热处理工艺使得微晶玻璃中纳米晶进一步增多。GC560样品中纳米晶平均尺寸约为13.7 nm，结晶度约为8.6%，并且透过率保持在80%以上。通过透射电子显微镜、吸收光谱和荧光光谱测试结果证实热处理后更多的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子嵌入到了具有较低声子能量的KYb" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "F" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "纳米晶中。因此，在980 nm LD激发下，GC560样品的中红外2.7 μm荧光发射相比PG样品增强了19倍。然而，对应的Er" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "离子2.7 μm发射上能级" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "I" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11/2" } 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