High Efficiency Doping-free White Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Combining Exciplex and Phosphorescent Ultrathin Layer Enhanced Publication

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "激基复合物和磷光超薄层相结合的高效率非掺杂白光有机发光二极管" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "High Efficiency Doping-free White Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Combining Exciplex and Phosphorescent Ultrathin Layer" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "王", "givenname": "超", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "WANG", "givenname": "Chao", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "first-author" ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "王超(1986-)，男，陕西西安人，博士，主任工程师，2017年于电子科技大学获得博士学位，主要从事液晶显示和充电技术领域的研究。E-mail: chaowang-alvin@outlook.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777369&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777374&type=", 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"surname": "赵", "givenname": "波", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "ZHAO", "givenname": "Bo", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff3", "text": "3" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "zh", "text": "*E-mail: zhaobo01@tyut.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "*E-mail: zhaobo01@tyut.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "赵波(1987-)，男，河北正定县人，博士，副研究员，2015年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事有机光电材料与器件方面的研究。E-mail: zhaobo01@tyut.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777381&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777386&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777391&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "赵波" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1987-)，男，河北正定县人，博士，副研究员，2015年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事有机光电材料与器件方面的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "zhaobo01@tyut.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "zhaobo01@tyut.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "华为技术有限公司，广东　深圳　518129", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "华为技术有限公司，广东　深圳　518129" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518129, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518129, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "成都中电熊猫显示科技有限公司，四川　成都　610200", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "成都中电熊猫显示科技有限公司，四川　成都　610200" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "Chengdu CEC Panda Display Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610200, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Chengdu CEC Panda Display Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610200, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff3", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "3", "text": "太原理工大学　新材料界面科学与工程教育部重点实验室，山西　太原　030024", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "太原理工大学　新材料界面科学与工程教育部重点实验室，山西　太原　030024" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "3", "text": "Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "将蓝光激基复合物mCP∶PO-T2T和磷光超薄层结合，分别制备了基于Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm)/mCP∶PO-T2T/Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm)结构的双色互补色和基于Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(~0.5 nm)/mCP∶PO-T2T/Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac (~0.5 nm)结构的三基色非掺杂白光有机发光二极管(White organic light emitting diodes,WOLED)，以探索超薄层在激基复合物中的应用。所制备的双色互补色WOLED，其最大电流效率、功率效率和外量子效率分别为46.1 cd/A、43.9 lm/W和22.2%，而三基色WOLED所实现的最大电流效率、功率效率和外量子效率分别为66.8 cd/A、63.5 lm/W和24.2%。研究分析表明，从高能的蓝光激基复合物发光层向两侧低能的红光和绿光磷光超薄层有效的能量传递是实现非掺杂WOLED高效率的原因。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "In this work, we prepared doping-free white organic light emitting diodes(WOLED) by combining exciplex and phosphorescent ultrathin layer. As results, high efficiency WOLED based two complementary color structure of Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm)/mCP∶PO-T2T/Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm) and red-green-blue(RGB) color structure of Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(~0.5 nm)/mCP∶PO-T2T/Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm) are achieved by setting different colors phosphorescent ultrathin layer on the two sides of blue exciplex emitting layer of mCP∶PO-T2T, respectively. The maximum current efficiency, power efficiency and external quantum efficiency of two complementary color WOLED are 46.1 cd/A, 43.9 lm/W and 22.2%, respectively; and the RGB WOLED are 66.8 cd/A, 63.5 lm/W and 24.2%, respectively. The discussions demonstrated the efficient energy transfer from high energy blue exciplex to low energy red and green phosphorescent ultrathin layer is responsible for the high efficiency of doping-free WOLED." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "白光有机发光二极管" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "激基复合物" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "超薄层" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "非掺杂" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "white organic light emitting diodes" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "exciplex" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "ultrathin layer" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "doping-free" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "白光有机发光二极管(White organic light emitting diodes,WOLED)是一种独特的面光源，并且可以制备成柔性可弯曲器件，因此受到研究者的广泛关注。WOLED通常由多基色光谱构成，比如由蓝光和黄光(橙红光)的双色互补色构成，或者由蓝光、绿光和红光的三基色构成，因此WOLED往往具有多个发光层。此外，OLED器件的发光层通常都是主客体掺杂结构，导致WOLED的器件结构更为复杂。因此，发展非掺杂的、结构简单的WOLED具有重要意义。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "采用超薄层的策略实现非掺杂结构的OLED是一种被验证过的有效方法。研究人员不再将发光材料均匀地掺杂在主体材料中形成完全的掺杂结构；而是在主体材料中的某一位置插入薄薄的一层发光材料，形成发光材料的超薄层。超薄层无需共蒸，但本质上是掺杂剂分散在主体材料中，微观上看等同于局部掺杂的等效结构。这一层薄薄的发光材料可以被插在主体材料的不同位置，也可以在主体材料中插入多层，从而实现效率或者光谱等电致发光性能的调节" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R6", "R7", "R8", "R9" ], "text": "6-9", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，利用超薄层的策略实现非掺杂结构的OLED是简便有效的方法。近年来，由于三重态激子反向系间窜越的利用，激基复合物发光又受到研究人员的关注。激基复合物是一种分子间的电荷转移发光，由位于给体最高占据分子轨道(Highest occupied molecular orbital,HOMO)能级上的空穴和位于受体最低未占据分子轨道(Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital,LUMO)能级上的电子之间的电荷转移形成的电荷转移激发态，进而辐射跃迁实现发光。形成的这种激基复合物电荷转移激发态往往具有比较小的单重态-三重态能级间隙，三重态激子可以通过反向系间窜越回到单重态能级，进而从单重态能级辐射跃迁实现发光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R10", "R11", "R12", "R13", "R14", "R15" ], "text": "10-15", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。这样，就利用了本来非辐射跃迁的三重态激子，从而可以提高器件发光效率。因此，激基复合物是一种可以利用三重态激子反向系间窜越从而实现高效率发光的有效方法。前面提到，WOLED通常是主客体掺杂的多发光层结构，器件结构较为复杂；而基于激基复合物的WOLED，作为非掺杂的新型白光OLED技术，具有自身的独特研究价值。Xu等将磷光超薄层的蓝光发光材料FIrpic (Iridium(Ⅲ)bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2']picolinate)和橙光发光材料PO-01 ((Acetylacetonato)bis[2-(thieno[3,2-c]" }, { "name": "text", "data": "pyr-idin-4-yl)phenyl]Iridium(Ⅲ))分别插入TAPC/TPBi (di-[4-(N,N-ditolyl-amino)-phenyl]" }, { "name": "text", "data": "cyclohexan/1,3,5-tris(N-phenyl-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene)界面型激基复合物的给受体中间，制备了叠层结构的WOLED，其最大电流效率(Current efficiency,CE)和外量子效率(External quantum efficiency,EQE)分别为41.5 cd/A和18.59%" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。Feng等将荧光发光超薄层TBRb(2,8-di(t-butyl)-5,11-di[4(t-butyl)phenyl]-6,12-di-phenylnaphthacene(tetra(t-butyl)rubrene))插入CDBP/PO-T2T(4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl/(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(benzene-3,1-diyl)tris(diphenylphosphine oxide))界面型激基复合物的PO-T2T受体层，形成CDBP/PO-T2T/TBRb/PO-T2T结构，优化后实现了最大CE为27.2 cd/A和EQE为11.2%的荧光WOLED" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。Zhang等将红光、绿光和蓝光的磷光超薄层同时插入mCBP∶PO-T2T的混合型激基复合物主体，最终实现了最大CE、功率效率(Power efficiency,PE)和EQE分别为40 cd/A、50 lm/W和26.1%的WOLED" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。然而，界面型激基复合物的效率往往比混合型的要低，这难以充分利用激基复合物的优势；而将超薄层插入混合型激基复合物中，则混合型激基复合物被多个超薄层隔开，增加了器件制备上的难度。基于此，本文聚焦于混合型激基复合物，将发光材料以超薄层的形式置于激基复合物发光层两侧，利用混合型激基复合物和超薄层的优势，简化器件结构，制备了高效率非掺杂结构的WOLED。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本工作将蓝光激基复合物mCP∶PO-T2T和磷光超薄层结合起来，构建了基于Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm)/mCP∶PO-T2T/Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm)结构的双色互补色和基于Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " (~0.5 nm)/mCP∶PO-T2T/Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm)结构的三基色非掺杂结构WOLED。激基复合物选取具有高效率蓝光发射的mCP(m-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene)∶PO-T2T组合" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，将红光发光磷光超薄层Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(Iridium(Ⅲ) bis(2-phenylquinoline) acetylacetonate)同时置于激基复合物发光层两侧，形成双色互补色的WOLED结构；而在激基复合物发光层两侧分别放置绿光磷光超薄层Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)Iridium(Ⅲ))和红光磷光超薄层Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac，则形成三基色的WOLED。最终，实现了高效率的双色互补色和三基色WOLED，同时探究了不同光色的磷光超薄层在激基复合物前后不同位置对器件性能的影响。所制备的双色互补色WOLED，其最大CE、PE和EQE分别为46.1 cd/A、43.9 lm/W和22.2%；而基于三基色的WOLED实现的最大CE、PE和EQE分别为66.8 cd/A、63.5 lm/W和24.2%。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "实验" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文所有的OLED器件都制作在方块电阻为10 Ω的氧化铟锡(Indium tin oxide,ITO)玻璃基板上，ITO玻璃基板先依次用丙酮、去离子水、丙酮各超声15 min处理，然后放入干燥箱在50 ℃下烘烤4 h备用。在器件开始制备之前，ITO玻璃基板先用紫外臭氧处理15 min，然后将其装入真空腔体进行抽真空，直至~4×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " Pa的真空状态。在真空条件下，按OLED器件结构依次热沉积每一层，最后的铝阴极通过掩膜板沉积，同时限定器件的有效发光面积为3 mm×3 mm。紫外-可见吸收光谱通过日立U-3900扫描分光光度计记录得到，而光致发光(Photoluminescence,PL)光谱则由FluoroMax-4荧光光谱仪(HORIBA Jobin Yvon)测得。电致发光(Electroluminescence,EL)光谱通过和电脑连接的PR-655光谱扫描仪测试。电流-电压-亮度特性曲线通过Keithley 2400电源结合BM-7A亮度色度计测试获得。电流效率、功率效率和EQE通过电流密度-电压-亮度曲线和电致发光光谱数据计算得出。所有的有机材料购买回来后直接使用，没有进一步提纯。器件制备完成后没有封装保护，所有的实验数据在大气室温环境下直接测试得到。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结果与讨论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "蓝光激基复合物" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "无论是双色互补色还是三基色构筑WOLED，蓝光都必不可少。因此，在设计非掺杂WOLED结构之前，先进行蓝光发光的选择和分析。这里，选择将给体mCP和受体PO-T2T按1∶1的比例混合形成的激基复合物作为构建WOLED的蓝光部分。为了验证该组合激基复合物的形成，首先表征了给受体单体以及混合薄膜的吸收光谱及PL光谱，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。混合薄膜的吸收光谱表现为给体mCP和受体PO-T2T吸收光谱的单纯叠加，并未有新的吸收峰出现；而在PL光谱中，混合薄膜则呈现出一个相对于mCP和PO-T2T单体发光明显红移的独立发射峰。因此，吸收光谱和PL光谱测试证明了mCP和PO-T2T之间激基复合物的形成。此外，根据其他文献和本课题组之前的报道，mCP∶PO-T2T激基复合物表现出快速的和延迟的两个寿命成分，具有TADF特性，暗示了其高发光效率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R20", "R21" ], "text": "20-21", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。而在我们之前的工作中，所制备的mCP∶PO-T2T激基复合物器件，其发光峰位于473 nm，实现的最大CE、PE和EQE分别为11.1 cd/A、8.5 lm/W和6.0%" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "吸收光谱及PL光谱。(a)mCP、PO-T2T和mCP∶PO-T2T的吸收光谱和PL光谱；(b)Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac和Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的吸收光谱及mCP∶PO-T2T的PL光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The absorption and PL spectra. (a)The absorption and PL spectra of mCP, PO-T2T and mCP∶PO-T2T. (b)The absorption of Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac and Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ", and the PL spectrum of mCP∶PO-T2T." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777396&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777406&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777401&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于高能蓝光激基复合物mCP∶PO-T2T，磷光超薄层选择发红光的Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac和发绿光的Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "来构筑双色互补色和三基色的非掺杂结构WOLED。磷光发光材料的吸收谱和蓝光激基复合物的PL光谱如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。可以看出，两者存在一定程度的交叠，验证了从激基复合物到磷光发光材料有效的能量传递" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于双色互补色的WOLED" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "首先，构建了基于双色互补色的非掺杂结构WOLED，所设计的器件结构为:ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(3 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/mCP(10 nm)/Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm)/mCP∶PO-T2T(20 nm)/Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm)/PO-T2T(40 nm)/LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(100 nm)，该WOLED定义为W1。其中，mCP∶PO-T2T为激基复合物发光层，实现蓝光发射；而激基复合物两侧的Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac为磷光超薄层，实现红光发射。利用激基复合物层和磷光超薄层的同时发光构筑白光。NPB(N,N'-bis-(1-naphthl)-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine)/mCP和PO-T2T层分别为空穴和电子传输层，而ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和LiF/Al分别为器件的复合阳极和复合阴极。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "给出了所用有机材料的分子结构式和器件的能级结构图。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文所用有机材料的分子结构式和器件的能级结构图" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The molecular structure used in this work and energy level diagram of WOLED" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777411&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777421&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777416&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "展示了器件的电致发光性能，包括电流密度-电压-亮度曲线、效率曲线和发光光谱等。W1器件实现了一个比较低的启亮电压(2.9 V)和高发光亮度(17 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。效率方面，其最大CE、PE和EQE分别为46.1 cd/A、43.9 lm/W和22.2%，即使在1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的亮度下，效率依旧维持在38.5 cd/A、29.6 lm/W和18.5%。低启亮电压和高效率预示着器件实现了高效的电荷注入、传输和复合。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中器件能级图所示，由于空穴传输层和给体材料均为mCP，而电子传输层和受体材料均为PO-T2T，则空穴和电子可实现从传输层到激基复合物发光层无势垒的电荷注入。另外，激基复合物发光层由mCP和PO-T2T按1∶1比例混合，具有电荷传输的双极性特征，可实现电荷平衡高效的传输和复合。而22.2%的EQE也从侧面表明器件中产生的所有激子几乎都得到了有效的利用，实现了激子的辐射跃迁发光。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "双色互补色WOLED电致发光性能(W1)。(a)电流密度-电压-亮度曲线；(b)CE、PE和EQE曲线，插图为不同电压下的EL光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The EL performance of WOLED with two complementary colors(W1). (a)Current density-voltage-luminance curves. (b)CE, PE and EQE curves. Insert is the EL spectra with different voltages." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777426&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777439&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777431&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中插图为器件在不同电压下的发光光谱。可以看到，该白光光谱由位于~480 nm处的蓝光激基复合物发光和位于~590 nm处的磷光超薄层发光构成，虽然色坐标在不同电压下略有偏移，但整体位于(0.51,0.38)附近；而相关色温(Correlated color temperature,CCT)在2 000 K左右，属于暖白光发射。由此，成功构建了基于激基复合物和磷光超薄层的高效率双色互补色发光的WOLED。为了进一步探究激基复合物和磷光超薄层构成的非掺杂结构WOLED，接下来制备基于三基色发光的WOLED。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于三基色的WOLED" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3c" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "在前文双色互补色非掺杂结构WOLED的基础上，又进一步制备了基于激基复合物和磷光超薄层构成的三基色非掺杂结构WOLED，以深入探究激基复合物和磷光超薄层相结合的应用。三基色WOLED的结构和W1类似，将两个Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac超薄层的其中一个换成发射绿光的Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "超薄层。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "首先，将激基复合物发光层和电子传输层PO-T2T之间的Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac超薄层换成Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "超薄层，器件结构如下:ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(3 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/mCP(10 nm)/Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm)/mCP∶PO-T2T(20 nm)/Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(~0.5 nm)/PO-T2T(40 nm)/LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(100 nm)，该WOLED定义为W2-1。器件电流密度、亮度和效率等电致发光性能如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。W2-1同样实现了低启亮电压和高发光亮度，而最大CE、PE和EQE分别为42.6 cd/A、40.5 lm/W和18.3%，在1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "下，相应的效率分别为32.4 cd/A、23.6 lm/W和14%。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "三基色WOLED电致发光性能(W2-1)。(a)电流密度-电压-亮度曲线；(b)CE、PE和EQE曲线，插图为不同电压下的EL光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The EL performance of WOLED with three primary colors(W2-1). (a)Current density-voltage-luminance curves. (b)CE, PE and EQE curves. Insert is the EL spectra with different voltages." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777441&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777451&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777446&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "白光器件W2-1的EL 光谱如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，可以看到，实现了红、绿、蓝三色发光，分别是红光和绿光的磷光超薄层发光以及中间蓝光激基复合物的发光。并且，红光的发光强度最大，占据主要发射峰，并随着电压升高，绿光和蓝光的发光强度相对于红光在逐渐减弱，同时也引起了色坐标的较大变化。这是由于红光磷光超薄层的发光主要来源于中间更高能量蓝光激基复合物层的Dexter能量传递。随着电荷注入的增加，可传递的激基复合物激发态电荷数增加，红光变强，从而导致绿光和蓝光相对发光强度减弱。由于中间激基复合物发光层的厚度有20 nm，而且形成了高能量的蓝光激子，因此很难发生绿光到红光的能量传递。最终，在6 V的电压下，W2-1实现了色坐标位于(0.43,0.41)、CCT为3 239 K、显色指数(Color Rendering Index,CRI)为79的暖白光发射。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "接下来，基于双色互补色W1的白光器件结构，将激基复合物发光层和空穴传输层mCP之间的Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac超薄层换成绿光Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "超薄层，所得器件结构如下:ITO/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(3 nm)/NPB (20 nm)/mCP(10 nm)/Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "(~0.5 nm)/mCP∶PO-T2T(20 nm)/Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac(~0.5 nm)/PO-T2T(40 nm)/LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(100 nm)，该WOLED定义为W2-2。器件电致发光性能如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。令人惊喜的是，除了低启亮电压和高发光亮度，W2-2实现了更高的效率，其最大CE、PE和EQE分别达到了66.8 cd/A、63.5 lm/W和24.2%，而在1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "下，相应效率依然保持在47.9 cd/A、33.6 lm/W和17.3%。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "三基色WOLED电致发光性能(W2-2)。(a)电流密度-电压-亮度曲线；(b)CE、PE和EQE曲线，插图为不同电压下的EL光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The EL performance of WOLED with three primary colors(W2-2). (a)Current density-voltage-luminance curves. (b)CE, PE and EQE curves. Insert is the EL spectra with different voltages." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777456&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777466&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777461&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "进一步对其EL光谱的测试可以看到，蓝光和绿光的相对发光强度随电压的升高几乎不变，而红光的相对发光强度随电压的升高增加，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "插图所示。相比于W2-1的EL光谱，该光谱的主发射峰变成了绿光和红光，并且蓝光激基复合物的相对发光强度明显降低，绿光和红光的相对发光强度变得更大。蓝光相对发光强度的降低则表明在激基复合物层产生的高能蓝光激子被更多地传递到了绿光和红光，从而实现了更高强度的绿光和红光发射。而磷光材料更高的发光效率使以绿光和红光为主发射峰的W2-2实现了器件效率极大的提升。红光发射峰相对强度随电压的升高而增强同样是由于随着电荷注入的增加，可传递的激基复合物激发态电荷数增加，导致红光变强。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "表1", "type": "table", "rid": "T1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "总结了本文中所有WOLED的性能参数以及已报道的部分激基复合物与磷光超薄层结合的WOLED。" } ] }, { "name": "table", "data": { "id": "T1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "表1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文中所有WOLED及已报道的部分激基复合物与磷光超薄层结合的WOLED性能总结" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Tab. 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A summary EL performances of all the WOLED in this paper and previous WOLED based exciplex and phosphorescent ultrathin layer" } ] } ], "note": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "最大CE、PE和EQE;" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(b)" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "1 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "亮度下的CE、PE和EQE。" } ] } ] } ], "table": [ { "head": [ [ { 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"图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示的能量传递和发光过程示意图。在所设计的激基复合物和磷光超薄层相结合的非掺杂结构WOLED中，白光的获得是由于中间蓝光荧光激基复合物和两侧的红/绿光磷光超薄层的共同发光，而激子复合区域位于整个激基复合物mCP∶PO-T2T发光层。磷光超薄层的发光来源于中间高能蓝光激基复合物层的能量传递，同时由于红光磷光的吸收光谱和该激基复合物的光致发光光谱具有更大程度的交叠，致使更多的能量传递到了红光，导致白光光谱中红光相对强度随电压的升高而增强。同时，由于mCP∶PO-T2T激基复合物具有三重态激子的反向系间窜越特性，使得形成的激基复合物三重态激子或者直接通过Dexter能量传递到达磷光超薄层辐射跃迁发光；或者先进行反向系间窜越，进而通过Förster能量传递到达磷光超薄层辐射跃迁发光，从而实现对三重态激子充分的收集和利用" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "29", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R29", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "29" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，最终实现WOLED的高电致发光效率。由于双色互补色WOLED中，激基复合物两侧都是Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac的超薄层，即使出现了不平衡的能量传递，依然能实现比较稳定的白光发射光谱。但是，三基色的WOLED则由于激子不平衡的复合，以及多重的能量传递过程，导致白光光谱随电压升高发生变化。因此，在WOLED中，平衡的电荷注入、传输和复合能实现平衡的多色发光，从而稳定白光光谱。另一方面，宽的激子复合区域能避免激子复合区域随电荷的注入而移动，可稳定多色发光，实现稳定的白光光谱。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "激基复合物和磷光超薄层相结合的WOLED中能量传递和发光过程示意图" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "The schematic diagram of energy transfer and luminescence process in the WOLED based exciplex and phosphorescent ultrathin layer" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777471&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777481&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777476&type=" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文将蓝光激基复合物mCP∶PO-T2T和磷光超薄层结合起来制备了非掺杂结构的WOLED。通过在蓝光发射的mCP∶PO-T2T激基复合物两侧同时设置Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac超薄层或者一侧Ir(ppy)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "超薄层、另一侧Ir(pq)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "acac超薄层，分别实现了基于双色互补色和三基色的高效率WOLED。所得互补色WOLED的最大CE、PE和EQE分别为46.1 cd/A、43.9 lm/W和22.2%，而三基色的WOLED实现的最大CE、PE和EQE分别为66.8 cd/A、63.5 lm/W和24.2%。分析研究表明，高效率的实现归因于蓝光激基复合物向相邻两侧绿光和红光磷光超薄层的有效能量传递。可见，将激基复合物和磷光超薄层结合起来制备非掺杂结构的WOLED是一种行之有效的方法，相信该方法在未来WOLED的推广应用中将起到一定的促进作用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": 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