Ultra-low Efficiency Roll-off Top-emitting White Organic Light-emitting Diodes Enhanced Publication

{ "defaultlang": "zh", "titlegroup": { "articletitle": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "超低效率滚降顶发射白光有机电致发光器件" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Ultra-low Efficiency Roll-off Top-emitting White Organic Light-emitting Diodes" } ] } ] }, "contribgroup": { "author": [ { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "于", "givenname": "荣梅", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "YU", "givenname": "Rong-mei", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [ "corresp", "first-author" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor1", "lang": "zh", "text": "*E-mail: yurongmei@aliyun.com;", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "*E-mail: yurongmei@aliyun.com;" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "于荣梅(1982-)，女，山东烟台人，博士，副教授，2012年于哈尔滨工业大学获得博士学位，主要从事量子点发光器件的研究。E-mail: yurongmei@aliyun.com" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777348&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777352&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777355&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "于荣梅" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1982-)，女，山东烟台人，博士，副教授，2012年于哈尔滨工业大学获得博士学位，主要从事量子点发光器件的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "yurongmei@aliyun.com" } ] ] } ], "email": "yurongmei@aliyun.com", "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "濮", "givenname": "春英", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "PU", "givenname": "Chun-ying", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "殷", "givenname": "复荣", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "YIN", "givenname": "Fu-rong", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "纪", "givenname": "文宇", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "JI", "givenname": "Wen-yu", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [ "corresp" ], "corresp": [ { "rid": "cor2", "lang": "zh", "text": "jiwy@jlu.edu.cn", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "jiwy@jlu.edu.cn" } ] } ], "bio": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ "纪文宇(1982-)，男，黑龙江海伦人，博士，教授，2010年于吉林大学获得博士学位，主要从事半导体纳米材料(量子点)薄膜物理、发光器件的研究。E-mail: jiwy@jlu.edu.cn" ], "graphic": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777359&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777362&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777367&type=" } ], "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "纪文宇" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(1982-)，男，黑龙江海伦人，博士，教授，2010年于吉林大学获得博士学位，主要从事半导体纳米材料(量子点)薄膜物理、发光器件的研究。E-mail: " }, { "name": "text", "data": "jiwy@jlu.edu.cn" } ] ] } ], "email": "jiwy@jlu.edu.cn", "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "南阳师范学院　物理与电子工程学院，河南省MXene材料微结构国际联合实验室，河南　南阳　473061", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "南阳师范学院　物理与电子工程学院，河南省MXene材料微结构国际联合实验室，河南　南阳　473061" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "Henan International Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials Microstructure, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Henan International Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials Microstructure, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "吉林大学　物理学院，吉林　长春　130012", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "吉林大学　物理学院，吉林　长春　130012" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "利用Ag/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")/Ag/Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Ag这一金属/有机半导体多层结构作为阳极，实现了超低效率滚降的顶发射白光器件。在该器件中，我们在蓝光和橙光发光单元之间引入一个薄的4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-biphenyl(CBP)层，从而减少橙光发光层与蓝光发光层的Dexter能量传递，用以改善白光器件发光光谱及效率。通过优化微腔设计，实现了对橙光磷光材料发射的调控。最终，我们获得了在60 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "亮度下效率滚降仅为17%的顶发射白光器件。在效率方面，虽然顶发射白光器件与底发射白光器件不相上下，但由于微腔效应的存在，顶发射白光器件的效率滚降却远低于底发射白光器件的效率滚降。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "White top-emitting organic light-emitting devices(TEOLEDs) with very low efficiency roll-off are obtained by utilizing Ag/Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Ag/Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/Ag as an anode. A neat bipolar transport 4, 4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2, 2'-biphenyl(CBP) layer is introduced between the blue fluorescent and the orange phosphorescent emission layers in order to reduce the Dexter energy transfer between the two emissive units, which can improve the emission spectrum and device efficiency. The yellow emission from bis(2-(2-fluorphenyl)-1, 3-benzothiozolato-N, C2') iridium(acetylacetonate) is manipulated by optimizing the microcavity effect of the TEOLED. As a result, we demonstrate that a very low roll-off of 17% for the current efficiency can be obtained at a super high luminance of 60 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ". The efficiencies of the white TEOLEDs are comparable to those of the corresponding conventional bottom-emitting OLED. In comparison, the efficiency roll-off of the TEOLEDs is much lower than that of the corresponding conventional bottom-emitting device due to the microcavity effects." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "有机发光器件" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "顶发射" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "微腔效应" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "效率滚降" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "organic light-emitting devices" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "top-emitting" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "microcavity effect" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "efficiency roll-off" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "白光有机电致发光二极管(WOLED)具有质量轻、易制备、低成本、可大面积生产等优点，在照明和显示方面有着极大的商业前景，近年来得到了广泛的研究" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R1", "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5" ], "text": "1-5", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。截至目前，器件寿命及效率已经达到了商业化要求，最大流明效率高于100 lm/W" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R6", "R7", "R8", "R9" ], "text": "6-9", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，显色指数超过90" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R10", "R11", "R12", "R13", "R14" ], "text": "10-14", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，最大外量子效率可达26.1%，器件寿命约为10 000 h" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R15", "R16" ], "text": "15-16", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。相比于传统的底发射方式的器件，顶发射方式的白光器件(TEWOLED)具有更多的优势" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "17", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R17", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "17" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R17", "R18", "R19", "R20" ], "text": "17-20", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。例如，其可以与多晶硅薄膜晶体管背板相兼容，具有更高的开口率、更高的图像分辨率，以及可以制备到任意表面足够平整的衬底上(透明的、不透明的、柔性的、刚性的)。目前，其在智能手机及电视屏幕上已经得到了应用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "然而，目前器件的效率滚降仍然较为严重。效率滚降是评价器件效率的一个重要参数，定义为器件效率随着驱动电流或亮度的增大而下降的现象。高效率滚降意味着器件在高亮度时的效率较低，从而会严重缩短器件的工作寿命。这对于需要高亮度的情况(比如照明和户外显示)来说是极其不利的。尤其是目前的高效WOLED大都是利用磷光材料作为发光层，而磷光分子的激子寿命较长，一般在微秒量级。这导致器件在高电流密度时具有非常大的激子/载流子浓度，从而引起严重的三线态-三线态(Triplet-triplet annihilation,TTA)猝灭、三线态-极化子猝灭(Triplet-polaron annihilation,TPA)以及场致激子解离等过程，这些都会大大降低器件的效率" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "21", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R21", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "21" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R21", "R22" ], "text": "21-22", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。为了抑制这些猝灭过程，缩短磷光激子的寿命是一个非常有效可行的途径。而微腔与位于其中的激子之间有较强的相互作用，这一作用可以大大加快激子的辐射跃迁速率，从而减小激子辐射寿命" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文通过微腔设计，使得器件在橙光附近实现最大输出效率，调控微腔与激子之间的相互作用，获得了极低效率滚降的TEWOLED。与常规的底发射WOLED相比，在高电流密度下，TEWOLED的效率得到了明显的提升，这意味着TEWOLED中的猝灭过程得到了较好的抑制。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "器件制备及表征" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "首先，我们制备了顶发射白光器件，结构为:200 nm二氧化硅包覆的硅片作为衬底/多层阳极/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " (1.5 nm)/4,4',4″-tris(3-methylphenyl-phenylamino)-tripheny-lamine(m-MTDATA,30 nm)/N,N'-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N'diphenyl-1,1-biphenyl-4, 4'diamine(NPB, 10 nm)/4,4'-bis(2,2'-diphenylvinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl(DPVBi,15 nm)/4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-biphenyl (CBP," }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " nm)/CBP∶bis(2-(2-fluorphenyl)-1,3-benzothiozolato-N,C2')iridium(acetylacetonate)[(F-BT)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ir(acac),7 nm]/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(Bphen,30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(1 nm)/Ag(20 nm)/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " (35 nm)。" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=2,3,5对应的器件分别标记为TE-a、TE-b和TE-c。其中，m-MTDATA、NPB、DPVBi、CBP∶(F-BT)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ir(acac)、Bphen 和 LiF/Al/Ag分别作为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、蓝光发光层、橙光发光层、电子传输层和阴极。35 nm的MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "作为增透层调控阴极的透射率。CBP层作为间隔层。多层阳极结构为Ag(150 nm)/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ",75 nm)/Ag(20 nm)/Alq" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " (45 nm)/Ag(20 nm)。为了对比微腔对器件发光性能的影响，我们利用覆盖有透明导电铟锡氧化物(ITO)的玻璃作为阳极衬底、100 nm的Al作为阴极制备了具有相同功能层结构的底发射WOLED。器件的发光层结构与顶发射器件相同，CBP的厚度分别为2,3,5 nm，相应的器件标记为BE-A、BE-B和BE-C。所有的有机、金属及MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜都是利用高真空气相沉积工艺制备，真空室压强低于4×10" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-4" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " Pa。薄膜的沉积速率通过石英晶振检测获得。对于有机物来说，沉积速率约为0.2 nm/s，金属薄膜的沉积速率为0.1 nm/s,MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "薄膜的沉积速率为0.04 nm/s。材料光学参数通过椭偏仪测得。器件电压和电流利用吉时利源表Keithley model 2400测得，亮度及光谱使用光谱辐射亮度计PR650测得。以上两种设备通过计算机编程进行控制联动。所有测试都在室温条件下进行，器件未进行任何封装。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结果与讨论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为器件的微腔结构示意图。从图中可知，对于微腔结构的器件来说，从发光层发射出来的光经过上下两个反射电极之后，形成干涉作用。干涉的结果取决于光在两个反射电极处的反射相移" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ϕ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ϕ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以及由两反射电极中间介质引起的相移。这一微腔与法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Pérot,F-B)腔类似，其共振条件如下所示" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "24", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R24", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "24" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ":" }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777373&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777377&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777382&type=" } } } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "其中，第一项为两电极之间各功能层产生的相移，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "d" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为功能层的厚度，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "n" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为第" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "i" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "层的折射率，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "λ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "为波长；第二项和第三项为两电极的反射相移。对于有机电致发光器件来说，器件厚度一般在100 nm左右，所以公式(1)右边" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "m" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的取值为0。根据公式(1)，我们可以通过优化电极结构及器件厚度，实现对器件微腔效应及发射波长的调控。 我们所构筑的顶发射白光器件能级结构如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "，利用一个蓝光发光单元和一个橙光发光单元的互补色原理来实现TEWOLED，其主发光峰分别位于448 nm和545 nm。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图1(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为Ag/MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "阴极的反射(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")和透射(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")谱。从图中可以看出，在加入35 nm的MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "后，阴极的透射率明显增大，在两个材料发光峰附近，其透射率约为50%；而电极的发射率有所降低，但是其反射率仍不低于40%，这保证了器件的强微腔效应。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)微腔结构及相移示意图；(b)所设计TEWOLED的能级结构示意图；(c)有无MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "增透膜时20 nm Ag薄膜的反射(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")及透射(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ")光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Schematic diagram of microcavity and phase shift. (b)Flat energy levels of TEWOLED. (c)Reflectance(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "R" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ") and transmittance(" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ") spectra of Ag film with and without MoO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777389&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777399&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777394&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了优化器件结构参数，从而指导实验制备，我们首先计算了器件的腔发射光谱，具体计算方法如文献报道" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在这一计算中，我们假定材料的发光是不依赖波长的。也就是说，在各个波长，材料的发光强度是相同的。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为计算结果。可以看出，通过优化各层厚度，最终器件参数如实验部分所示，器件的腔发射光谱分别位于蓝光和橙光发光峰值处。器件中的光场分布如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。可以看出，在发光单元附近，光场强度最大，意味着其具有较高的弛豫速率。高的弛豫速率有利于降低激子及载流子浓度，从而抑制TTA、TPA等非辐射过程，降低器件效率滚降(Roll-off)。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "给出了器件发光的模式分布。从图中可以看出，在波长550 nm附近，光取出效率(亦即空气中分量)达到最大。从全部分量分析可知，该器件中的等离子体模式较高。所以，通过设计器件结构，抑制等离子体模式将是提高器件效率的有效途径。这将在我们以后的工作中进行深入研究，本文中我们主要关注微腔对效率滚降的影响。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)顶发射器件不同观察角度腔发射光谱；(b)器件中的光场分布；(c)器件各光模式分布。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)Cavity emission spectra at different viewing angles. (b)The distribution of electrical intensity inside the device. (c)Fraction of power for the TEWOLED." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777404&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777415&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777410&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "以上理论拟合结果表明，通过合理优化各层厚度，可以实现对器件微腔效应的调控，从而调控微腔对发光层激子动力学过程的影响。虽然测量发光层荧光动力学过程可以给出微腔对激子动力学过程影响的直接证据，但是由于本文中所用蓝色发光层材料与其他功能层荧光发光重叠，难以评估微腔对DPVBi发光的影响；而橙光发光层的光致发光效率较低，光致发光寿命测试时的光信号强度很弱，所以未得到其光致发光寿命数据。但是，我们的理论拟合结果可以间接地证实微腔对发光层及器件性能的影响。下面，我们将通过对器件性能的表征来研究微腔效应对器件的作用。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为常规器件的归一化发射光谱。从图中可以看出，器件的发射峰值分别位于448 nm和548 nm，分别来自于DPVBi和(F-BT)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ir(acac)两种材料。另外，我们发现，随着CBP间隔层厚度从2 nm增加到5 nm，黄光发射相对于蓝光有所增加。这是由于(F-BT)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ir(acac)的三线态能量高于DPVBi的三线态能量，所以从(F-BT)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ir(acac)到DPVBi的Dexter能量传递会猝灭(F-BT)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ir(acac)的发光，而CBP层的引入抑制了这一能量传递过程。这与之前的文献报道结果是一致的" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为顶发射白光OLED器件的归一化电致发光光谱。可以看出，器件具有两个明显的发射峰，分别位于465 nm和550 nm，这与我们的预期是一致的。但是发光峰值位置与按照相移计算的峰值位置有所不同，这是因为器件最终发射光谱还和制备器件的材料的吸收、电极的反射及透射性能相关" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "25", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R25", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "25" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。与常规器件相比，顶发射器件的发射光谱发生了明显的窄化，这是由顶发射器件中微腔效应导致的。另外，与普通的底发射器件相比，在顶发射白光OLED中我们观察到黄光的相对强度有明显提高。这是由于多层阳极在黄光范围的反射率相对较高，从而使得这一波长附近的微腔效应较强，进而使得黄光的发射得到了更大的增强。这也与" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "拟合结果吻合。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)不同底发射白光器件电致发光光谱；(b)不同顶发射白光器件电致发光光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Electroluminescence spectra of bottom-emitting WOLEDs(a) and TEWOLEDs(b) with different CBP thicknesses" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777420&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777428&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777425&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为底发射常规器件的发光效率曲线。我们可以看到，随着CBP间隔层厚度的增加，器件的发光效率得到很大提高。在CBP层厚度为2,3,5 nm时，器件效率分别为3.89,7.18,10.82 cd/A。这归因于CBP间隔层抑制了蓝光发光分子DPVBi与黄光(F-BT)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ir(acac)分子之间的Dexter能量传递过程" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。此外，随着CBP厚度的增加，器件的效率滚降变得更加严重。这一现象解释如下:当CBP厚度为2 nm时，大多数激子形成于DPVBi和CBP的界面，器件主要的发光来自于蓝光。而CBP∶(F-BT)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ir(acac)层中的激子浓度较小，这就使得由TTA及TPA导致的发光猝灭较少，从而使得器件的效率滚降较轻微。随着CBP厚度增加，越来越多的激子在CBP∶(F-BT)" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ir-(acac)黄光发光层中形成，这从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "发射光谱中黄光所占比重增加就可以得到证实。因此，TTA及TPA发生的几率增加，从而使得器件的效率滚降更加明显。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(a)不同底发射白光器件电致发光效率曲线；(b)不同顶发射白光器件电致发光效率曲线，插图为Device b电流效率随亮度变化曲线。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Current efficiency " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "versus" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " current density curves of bottom-emitting WOLEDs(a) and TEWOLEDs(b) with different CBP thicknesses. Inset of (b) is the current efficiency as a function of luminance." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777435&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777445&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777438&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为顶发射白光OLED器件的电流密度-效率曲线。从图中可以看出，随着不同厚度CBP的引入，不同器件效率的变化趋势与常规底发射器件相同，即随CBP厚度的增加，器件效率提高。对于CBP厚度分别为2,3,5 nm的器件，其最大效率分别为6.46,8.02,9.90 cd/A。然而，通过与" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "对比，我们发现顶发射白光OLED器件的效率滚降明显低于常规器件。例如，对于器件TE-b来说，其从最大效率及效率减为最大值的80%时的特征电流密度分别为160 mA/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和980 mA/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。而对于器件BE-B来说，这一特征电流密度分别为35 mA/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和300 mA/cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。可见，由于微腔效应的影响，TE-b的效率滚降被极大地抑制了。为了更加直观地看出顶发射器件优异的效率性能，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "插图中给出了器件TE-b的亮度-效率曲线，可以看到，在亮度为1 000,10 000,30 000,60 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时，器件的效率分别为5.98,7.95,8.07,6.65 cd/A。也就是说，顶发射白光OLED器件在亮度为64 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "时仍保持着80%的最大效率。这对于器件的实际应用是极为有利的，可以显著提高高亮度时器件的工作寿命。而对于底发射白光器件BE-B来说，其效率下降到最大值的80%时，亮度只有16 800 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了更加明显地对比微腔效应对器件效率滚降的影响，" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "给出了具有相同功能层结构的底发射和顶发射白光器件的归一化电流密度-效率曲线对比。由" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(a)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(a)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可知，当CBP为2 nm时，顶发射和底发射白光OLED器件的效率滚降类似。这也意味着此时器件中三线态激子的浓度较低，TTA及TPA过程较少。然而，随着CBP厚度增加到5 nm，从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中可以明显看出，常规底发射白光OLED器件的效率滚降很大，但是顶发射器件中的微腔效应使得器件效率滚降得到了明显的抑制，尤其是在CBP厚度较大时。此时底发射器件TTA和TPA过程变得更加严重，而顶发射器件中的微腔效应大大降低了器件中激子的发光寿命，从而使得TTA及TPA过程得到了很好的抑制。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "具有不同CBP厚度的底发射及顶发射白光器件的归一化电致发光效率曲线" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Normalized current efficiency " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "versus" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " current density curves of bottom-emitting WOLEDs and TEWOLEDs with different CBP thicknesses" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777450&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777460&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777455&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "此外，在本文所制备器件的材料中，CBP具有相对大的禁带宽度，所以，增加CBP的厚度会增加器件的电阻，从而使得器件电流密度下降。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，对于底发射和顶发射器件来说，当CBP厚度增加时，在相同电压下，器件的电流密度都有所下降。但是，器件的亮度却呈现相反的变化趋势。随着CBP层厚度的增加，器件的亮度有所增加，这一方面是由于CBP厚度的增加提高了黄光发光层中激子形成的比例，黄光发射强度增加。由视见函数可知对于相同的发射强度，黄光的亮度要大大高于蓝光的亮度。另一方面，厚的CBP层抑制了两发光层之间的Dexter能量传递，从而使得器件中激子的辐射复合效率增加。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同底发射(a)和顶发射(b)器件的电流密度-电压-亮度曲线" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Current density-voltage-luminance curves of bottom-emitting(a) and top-emitting(b) WOLEDs" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777463&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777473&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777468&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(a)、(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(a)、(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "是CBP为3 nm的底发射和顶发射器件在不同驱动电压下的电致发光光谱。从图中可以看出，两种器件的发光都表现出一定的电压依赖特性。这是由于随着驱动电压升高，导致发光区域向橙光发光层移动，所以橙光发射的比例增大。两种器件的色坐标随驱动电压的改变趋势如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。相应地，在6,8,10 V驱动电压下，BE器件的色温(显色指数)分别为18 535(50),10 125(57),9 253(59) K；顶发射器件的色温(显色指数)为10 584(34),6 871(35),6 108(37) K。总体来说，顶发射器件的白光质量要差于底发射器件的。另外，随着驱动电压增大，底发射和顶发射器件中的橙光比例都有一定程度的增大。所以直接对比两种器件的电流效率也是有着一定参考价值的。但是，从" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中我们发现，由于微腔效应的存在，顶发射器件发光光谱随电压的变化幅度稍大。因此，为了更加准确地反映器件的相对性能，我们测试了CBP为3 nm的BE和TE器件的外量子效率，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7(d)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7(d)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示。从曲线对比结果我们发现，微腔效应的引入确实抑制了器件的效率滚降，其相对趋势与" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "中对各器件的电流效率的对比结果一致。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CBP厚度为3 nm器件的光电特性。底发射(a)、顶发射(b)器件不同电压下的电致发光光谱；(c)两种器件在不同电压下的色坐标；(d)EQE随电流密度变化曲线。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig. 7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Photoelectrical properties of OLEDs with 3 nm CBP. Electroluminescence spectra of BE(a) and TE(b) OLEDs. (c)CIE coordinates. (d)EQE " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "vs" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " current density curves of BE and TE OLEDs." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777480&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777489&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=23777484&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文利用金属/有机介质构筑多层阳极，结合半透明的金属电极，制备了具有双共振波长的顶发射白光OLED器件。虽然阴极的透过率只有约60%，但是器件的效率却和具有85%高透过率的ITO电极的底发射器件的性能类似。这得益于微腔的共振增强效应。同时，强微腔效应大大加快了激子的辐射速率，缩短了发光材料激子的发光寿命，抑制了TTA及TPA非辐射过程，使得顶发射白光OLED器件具有更小的效率滚降，其在60 000 cd/m" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的高亮度时仍保持着最大效率的67%。低效率滚降有利于器件在高亮度时的应用，延长器件的工作寿命。这一结果为低效率滚降白光器件的设计、制备提供了切实可行的思路:通过多层电极的引入，达到对各发光单元单独调控的目的；调控激子的辐射速率，改善器件的性能。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址:http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20210325." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献:" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "AL-ASBAHI B A" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Dual Förster resonance energy transfer in ternary PFO/MEH-PPV/F7GA hybrid thin films for white organic light-emitting diodes" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Dyes Pigments" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2021" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "186" }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "text", "data": "109011" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Dual Förster resonance energy transfer in ternary PFO/MEH-PPV/F7GA hybrid thin films for white organic light-emitting diodes" } ] }, { "id": "R2", "label": "[2]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LEE H" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes with stable white color depending on luminance" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Curr. Appl. Phys." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2021" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "21" }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "text", "data": "116" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "120" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes with stable white color depending on luminance" } ] }, { "id": "R3", "label": "[3]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "MAHORO G U" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "FERNANDEZ-CESTAU J" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "RENAUD J L" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Recent advances in solid-state lighting devices using transition metal complexes exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescent emission mechanism" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Adv. Opt. Mater." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2020" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "8" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "16" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2000260-1-36" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Recent advances in solid-state lighting devices using transition metal complexes exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescent emission mechanism" } ] }, { "id": "R4", "label": "[4]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LIU H" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LIU F T" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LU P" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Multiple strategies towards high-efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes by the vacuum deposition method" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "J. Mater. Chem. C" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2020" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "8" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "17" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "5636" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "5661" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Multiple strategies towards high-efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes by the vacuum deposition method" } ] }, { "id": "R5", "label": "[5]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "WANG Z H" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SU S J" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Molecular and device design strategies for ideal performance white organic light-emitting diodes" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Chem. Rec." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2019" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "19" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "8" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1518" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1530" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Molecular and device design strategies for ideal performance white organic light-emitting diodes" } ] }, { "id": "R6", "label": "[6]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "REINEKE S" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LINDNER F" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SCHWARTZ G" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Nature" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2009" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "459" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "7244" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "234" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "238" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency" } ] }, { "id": "R7", "label": "[7]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "DING L" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SUN Y Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "CHEN H" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "A novel intermediate connector with improved charge generation and separation for large-area tandem white organic lighting devices" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "J. Mater. Chem. C" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2014" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "48" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "10403" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "10408" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "A novel intermediate connector with improved charge generation and separation for large-area tandem white organic lighting devices" } ] }, { "id": "R8", "label": "[8]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "YING S A" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "SUN Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "DAI Y F" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Precise regulation of the emissive layer for ultra-high performance white organic light-emitting diodes in an exciplex forming co-host system" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Mater. Chem. Front." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2019" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "3" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "4" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "640" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "649" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Precise regulation of the emissive layer for ultra-high performance white organic light-emitting diodes in an exciplex forming co-host system" } ] }, { "id": "R9", "label": "[9]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OU Q D" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ZHOU L" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LI Y Q" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Extremely efficient white organic light-emitting diodes for general lighting" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Adv. Funct. Mater." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2014" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "24" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "46" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "7249" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "7256" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Extremely efficient white organic light-emitting diodes for general lighting" } ] }, { "id": "R10", "label": "[10]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "DU M X" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "FENG Y S" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ZHU D X" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Novel emitting system based on a multifunctional bipolar phosphor: an effective approach for highly efficient warm-white light-emitting devices with high color-rendering index at high luminance" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Adv. Mater." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2016" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "28" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "28" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "5963" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "5968" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Novel emitting system based on a multifunctional bipolar phosphor: an effective approach for highly efficient warm-white light-emitting devices with high color-rendering index at high luminance" } ] }, { "id": "R11", "label": "[11]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "XU Z" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "GU J B" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "QIAO X F" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Highly efficient deep blue aggregation-induced emission organic molecule: a promising multifunctional electroluminescence material for blue/green/orange/red/white OLEDs with superior efficiency and low roll-off" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ACS Photonics" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2019" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "6" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "3" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "767" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "778" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Highly efficient deep blue aggregation-induced emission organic molecule: a promising multifunctional electroluminescence material for blue/green/orange/red/white OLEDs with superior efficiency and low roll-off" } ] }, { "id": "R12", "label": "[12]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "LIU F T" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LIU H" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "TANG X Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Novel blue fluorescent materials for high-performance nondoped blue OLEDs and hybrid pure white OLEDs with ultrahigh color rendering index" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Nano Energy" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2020" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "68" }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "text", "data": "104325" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Novel blue fluorescent materials for high-performance nondoped blue OLEDs and hybrid pure white OLEDs with ultrahigh color rendering index" } ] }, { "id": "R13", "label": "[13]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "JEON Y P" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "KONG B K" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LEE E J" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Ultrahighly-efficient and pure deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting devices based on dimethylacridine/thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Nano Energy" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2019" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "59" }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "text", "data": "560" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "568" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Ultrahighly-efficient and pure deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting devices based on dimethylacridine/thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide" } ] }, { "id": "R14", "label": "[14]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "OHISA S" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "TAKAHASHI T" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "IGARASHI M" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "An indolocarbazole-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence host for solution-processed phosphorescent tandem organic light-emitting devices exhibiting extremely small efficiency roll-off" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Adv. Funct. Mater." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2019" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "29" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "16" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1808022-1-10" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "An indolocarbazole-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence host for solution-processed phosphorescent tandem organic light-emitting devices exhibiting extremely small efficiency roll-off" } ] }, { "id": "R15", "label": "[15]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG S" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "YAO J W" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "DAI Y F" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "High efficiency and color quality undoped phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes based on simple ultrathin structure in exciplex" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Org. Electron." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2020" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "85" }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "text", "data": "105821-1-7" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "High efficiency and color quality undoped phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes based on simple ultrathin structure in exciplex" } ] }, { "id": "R16", "label": "[16]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CHEN Y W" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "YANG D Z" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "QIAO X F" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Novel strategy to improve the efficiency roll-off at high luminance and operational lifetime of hybrid white OLEDs via employing an assistant layer with triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion characteristics" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "J. Mater. Chem. C" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2020" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "8" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "19" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "6577" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "6586" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Novel strategy to improve the efficiency roll-off at high luminance and operational lifetime of hybrid white OLEDs via employing an assistant layer with triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion characteristics" } ] }, { "id": "R17", "label": "[17]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG X" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "PAN T" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ZHANG J X" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Color-tunable, spectra-stable flexible white top-emitting organic light-emitting devices based on alternating current driven and dual-microcavity technology" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ACS Photonics" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2019" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "6" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "9" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2350" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "2357" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Color-tunable, spectra-stable flexible white top-emitting organic light-emitting devices based on alternating current driven and dual-microcavity technology" } ] }, { "id": "R18", "label": "[18]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "YIN M J" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "YU Z W" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "PAN T" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Efficient and angle-stable white top-emitting organic light emitting devices with patterned quantum dots down-conversion films" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Org. Electron." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2018" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "56" }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "text", "data": "46" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "50" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Efficient and angle-stable white top-emitting organic light emitting devices with patterned quantum dots down-conversion films" } ] }, { "id": "R19", "label": "[19]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "DONG C" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "FU X Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "CAO L Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Multi-mode organic light-emitting diode to suppress the viewing angle dependence" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2020" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "12" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "28" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "31667" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "31676" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Multi-mode organic light-emitting diode to suppress the viewing angle dependence" } ] }, { "id": "R20", "label": "[20]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "KIM S K" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "PARK M J" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LAMPANDE R" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Primary color generation from white organic light-emitting diodes using a cavity control layer for AR/VR applications" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Org. Electron." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2020" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "87" }, { "name": "text", "data": ": " }, { "name": "text", "data": "105938-1-8" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Primary color generation from white organic light-emitting diodes using a cavity control layer for AR/VR applications" } ] }, { "id": "R21", "label": "[21]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "BALDO M A" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "ADACHI C" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "FORREST S R" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Transient analysis of organic electrophosphorescence. Ⅱ. Transient analysis of triplet-triplet annihilation" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Phys. Rev. B" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2000" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "62" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "16" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "10967-1-11" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Transient analysis of organic electrophosphorescence. Ⅱ. Transient analysis of triplet-triplet annihilation" } ] }, { "id": "R22", "label": "[22]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "REINEKE S" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "WALZER K" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LEO K" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Triplet-exciton quenching in organic phosphorescent light-emitting diodes with Ir-based emitters" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Phys. Rev. B" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2007" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "75" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "12" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "125328-1-13" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Triplet-exciton quenching in organic phosphorescent light-emitting diodes with Ir-based emitters" } ] }, { "id": "R23", "label": "[23]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CHEN P" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "XIE W F" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "LI J" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "White organic light-emitting devices with a bipolar transport layer between blue fluorescent and orange phosphorescent emitting layers" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Appl. Phys. Lett." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2007" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "91" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "2" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "023505-1-3" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "White organic light-emitting devices with a bipolar transport layer between blue fluorescent and orange phosphorescent emitting layers" } ] }, { "id": "R24", "label": "[24]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "DJURIŠIĆ A B" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "RAKIĆ A D" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Organic microcavity light-emitting diodes with metal mirrors: dependence of the emission wavelength on the viewing angle" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Appl. Opt." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2002" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "41" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "36" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "7650" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "7656" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "Organic microcavity light-emitting diodes with metal mirrors: dependence of the emission wavelength on the viewing angle" } ] }, { "id": "R25", "label": "[25]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "FREITAG P" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "REINEKE S" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "OLTHOF S" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". " }, { "name": "text", "data": "White top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes with forward directed emission and high color quality" }, { "name": "text", "data": "[J]. " }, { "name": "text", "data": "Org. Electron." }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "2010" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "11" }, { "name": "text", "data": "(" }, { "name": "text", "data": "10" }, { "name": "text", "data": "): " }, { "name": "text", "data": "1676" }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "text", "data": "1682" }, { "name": "text", "data": "." } ], "title": "White top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes with forward directed emission and high color quality" } ] } ] }, "response": [], "contributions": [], "acknowledgements": [], "conflict": [], "supportedby": [], "articlemeta": { "doi": "10.37188/CJL.20210325", "clc": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "TN383" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "+" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": ".1" } ] ], "dc": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ], "publisherid": "1000-7032(2022)01-0077-08", "citeme": [], "fundinggroup": [ { "lang": "zh", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "国家自然科学基金（11974141）；河南省高等学校重点科研项目（22A140008）资助" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974141); The Key Science Fund of Educational Department of Henan Province (22A140008)" } ] } ], "history": { "received": "2021-10-13", "revised": "2021-10-26", "opub": "2022-01-14" }, "copyright": { "data": [], "year": "2022" } }, "appendix": [], "type": "research-article", "ethics": [], "supplementary": [], "journalTitle": "发光学报", "issue": "01", "volume": "43", "originalSource": [] }