Preparation, Fluorescent Properties and Cell Imaging of Near Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots with Single Excited Double Emission Enhanced Publication

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"namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff2", "text": "2" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false }, { "name": [ { "lang": "zh", "surname": "钟", "givenname": "菁青", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" }, { "lang": "en", "surname": "ZHONG", "givenname": "Jing-qing", "namestyle": "eastern", "prefix": "" } ], "stringName": [], "aff": [ { "rid": "aff1", "text": "1" } ], "role": [], "deceased": false } ], "aff": [ { "id": "aff1", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "1", "text": "岭南师范学院　化学化工学院，广东 　 湛江 　 524048", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "岭南师范学院　化学化工学院，广东 　 湛江 　 524048" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "1", "text": "School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aff2", "intro": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": "2", "text": "桂林电子科技大学　生命与环境科学学院，广西 　 桂林 　 541004", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "桂林电子科技大学　生命与环境科学学院，广西 　 桂林 　 541004" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": "2", "text": "School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China" } ] } ] } ] }, "abstracts": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "探索合成方法简单的近红外比率荧光探针具有重要意义。本文以高山榕树叶为碳源，乙醇、丙酮为提取剂，采用溶剂热法于200 ℃高压反应釜中反应10 h，一步合成具有近红外双发射荧光特性的碳量子点(CDs)。透射电镜(TEM)表明合成的CDs分散性好、平均尺寸约为4.70 nm，晶格常数为0.32 nm。X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示该碳点在2" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "θ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=22°附近有一个较宽的衍射峰，表明该CDs为sp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "杂化的无定形碳。傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)显示其含有氨基、羰基、醇羟基和甲基。荧光光谱表明，最大激发波长410 nm，最大发射波长为466 nm和676 nm。以硫酸奎宁做参比测得荧光量子产率为26.31%。实验还探讨了CDs的酸碱、光学、抗盐和金属离子的稳定性以及细胞成像效果。以上结果表明，该碳点具有原料廉价易得、制作简便、对酸碱稳定、抗光漂白性良好等优点，具有良好的光学成像应用前景。" } ] } ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "It is of significance to explore the simple synthetic method and near-infrared ratio fluorescence probe. In this paper, carbon quantum dots(CDs) with near-infrared double-emission fluorescence properties were synthesized by solvothermal reaction in 200 ℃ high pressure reactor for 10 h using Ficus alba leaves as carbon source, ethanol and acetone as extraction agent. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) showed that the average size of CDs is about 4.70 nm and the lattice constant is 0.32 nm. X-ray diffraction(XRD) results showed there is a wide diffraction peak at near 2" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "θ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=22°. It showed the CDs was amorphous carbon sp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " hybridized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated the CDs had amino, carbonyl, alcohol hydroxyl, and methyl. Fluorescence spectra showed that the maximum excitation wavelength was 410 nm, and the maximum emission wavelength was 466 nm and 676 nm. Using quinine sulfate as a reference, the fluorescence quantum yield was 26.31%.The stability of acid-base, optical, salt resistance and metal ion resistance and the effect of cell imaging were also discussed. The above results show the CDs has the advantages of cheap raw materials, easy to produce, stable to acid and alkali, good photobleaching resistance and so on. It has good prospects for optical imaging applications." } ] } ] } ], "keyword": [ { "lang": "zh", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "碳量子点" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "近红外荧光" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "细胞成像" } ] ] }, { "lang": "en", "data": [ [ { "name": "text", "data": "carbon quantum dots(CDs)" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "near-infrared fluorescence" } ], [ { "name": "text", "data": "cell imaging" } ] ] } ], "highlights": [], "body": [ { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1　引言" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "碳量子点(CDs)是继富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯之后最受关注的碳基纳米材料。从2004年Xu等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "1", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R1", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "1" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "通过电弧放电的方法第一次得到这种具有明亮荧光的纳米粒子到2006年Sun等" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "2", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "以水蒸气为载体激光烧蚀碳靶制得碳点、进行表面钝化并首次提出碳量子点的概念以来，CDs因其形貌为小于10 nm的类球形结构、有大的Stokes位移" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "3", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、低毒性、生物相容性好" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "4", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、制备简单、荧光性能稳定及易于表面修饰" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "5", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等优点，被广泛应用于生物传感" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "6", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "7", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "7" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R6", "R7" ], "text": "6-7", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、光学成像" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "8", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R8", "R9" ], "text": "8-9", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、药物载送" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "10", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "、光催化" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "11", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "12", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "12" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R11", "R12" ], "text": "11-12", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "等领域。此外，碳点还具有光引发电子转移的行为，其在光伏设备及光捕获材料上也有潜在的应用价值" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "13", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "自碳点被发现以来，制备方法就一直不断地丰富且向着绿色环保、安全高效、操作简单等方向发展，主要分为自上而下法(Top-down)和自下而上法(Bottom-up)两类。自上而下法包括:激光烧蚀法、电化学法、氧化石墨烯法、弧光放电法等，是由宏观尺寸的碳经过加工变为纳米颗粒的方法，产物大多为混合物，需要一定的分离提纯工序，合成效率较低。自下而上法有:水热法、微波法、溶剂热法、热解法、激光化学反应法等，是将有机碳化合物分子合成为纳米粒子，制备工艺简单，有的甚至能一步合成碳点，且实验设备要求低，适合大规模制备，是目前采用比较多的一种制备方法" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "目前报道的荧光碳点发光主要集中在蓝绿光" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "9", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "," }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "14", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "15", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R15", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "15" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R14", "R15" ], "text": "14-15", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，与生物体自身荧光背景相近，不利于其在细胞成像中应用。而红光和近红外光碳点的报道较少，且前躯体的选择多为化学试剂，制备工艺繁琐，荧光量子产率偏低" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "16", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R16", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "16" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "18", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R18", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "18" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R16", "R17", "R18" ], "text": "16-18", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。因此，探索绿色天然物质制备CDs的工艺，制备出高荧光产率的红光或近红外光碳点甚至更长波长的光，将有力推进碳点在生物医学领域、水处理环境保护领域、量子点敏化太阳能电池、光催化合成化学品等众多研究领域的应用。单发射探针不可避免地受到生物样品不均、仪器激发光波动、探针浓度不均一等环境因素影响" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "19", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R19", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "19" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，单激发双发射的比率荧光分析方法能有效克服上述缺点。比率荧光传感器可消除外界因素变化对测量信号强度的影响，例如比率荧光探针浓度、光源不稳定和生物组织背景荧光等；也可以消除假阳性信号，例如光漂白、细胞膜厚度、探针在细胞内或者不同细胞之间的差异造成的不均匀分布等引起的失真信号" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "blockXref", "data": { "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "20", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R20", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "20" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "-" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "22", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R22", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "22" } ] } } ], "rid": [ "R20", "R21", "R22" ], "text": "20-22", "type": "bibr" } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "基于此，本文以绿色生物质高山榕树叶为碳源，通过溶剂热法一步合成了单激发双发射近红外比率型荧光CDs。采用TEM、XRD和FT-IR等手段对其粒径大小及分布、形貌、表面官能团等进行了表征，并探讨了CDs耐酸碱、光学、抗盐以及细胞成像效果。" } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2　实验" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s2" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.1　碳量子点(CDs)合成" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "将洗净的新鲜高山榕树叶打碎，加入50 mL的无水乙醇和50 mL丙酮混合，浸泡提取30 min后，取上层清液25 mL放入聚四氟乙烯反应釜，于电烘箱中200 ℃加热10 h。冷却至室温后10 000 r/min离心10 min，转移至透析袋中避光透析2 h，得到合成的CDs，用旋转蒸发仪蒸干，于4 ℃冰箱保存，实验前用超纯水稀释。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F1", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CDs的合成路线及应用" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.1" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Schematic representation for the fabrication and application of CDs" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209304&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209316&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209312&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2.2　实验仪器" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s2b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "FluoroMax-4型荧光光谱仪(Horiba,France)用于荧光光谱测定；T9型紫外-可见分光光度计(普析，北京)用于紫外-可见吸收光谱测定；Philips Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN场发射透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope,TEM,PhilipS,Netherlands)用于CDs粒径的测定；Nicolet 6700傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA)用于CDs表面基团表征；X'pert Pro MPD X射线衍射仪(PANalytical,Netherlands)用于CDs形貌表征；Zeiss LSM710 共聚焦激光扫描显微镜系统(CLSM,Zeiss,Germany)用于细胞成像的测定。除细胞毒性实验外，其他实验CDs的浓度均为100 μg/mL。所有实验均在室温下完成。" } ] } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3　结果与讨论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s3" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.1　CDs的表征" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3a" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "从CDs的透射电镜(TEM)图(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")可以看出，合成的CDs分散性好、粒径较小、比较均匀(2.0~8.0 nm)，几乎90%的CDs的粒径集中在3.0~6.0 nm之间(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(c)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(c)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")。平均尺寸约为4.70 nm，粒径小，有利于CDs进入细胞。" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图2(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F2", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为CDs的高分辨透射电镜图，晶格常数为0.32 nm，与石墨烯的(002)面一致。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F2", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CDs 的TEM 图像(a)、高分辨TEM 图像(b)及粒径分布图(c)。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.2" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "TEM image(a), high resolution TEM image(b) and particle size distribution of CDs(c)." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209323&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209335&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209329&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为得到合成CDs的晶面常数，进行XRD表征得到" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图3", "type": "fig", "rid": "F3", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ",CDs在2" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "θ" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "=22°处有一个较宽的衍射峰，表明得到的碳点中心为sp" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "杂化的无定型碳。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F3", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CDs的XRD图" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.3" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "XRD pattern of the CDs" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209341&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209354&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209348&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "通过傅里叶红外光谱仪对碳点表面基团进行检测，结果如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图4", "type": "fig", "rid": "F4", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "。3 457 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "处的宽峰表示样品中含水的氢键对碳点中的醇羟基产生的影响；2 900 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "处的3个峰为饱和C—H键的特征峰，1 462 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的特征吸收表明该C—H键为面内不对称变形振动；由于1 639 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "处的C" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209359&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209371&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209365&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O特征峰发生了较大的位移，结合3 457 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "处的宽峰内或许也包含氨基，推断1 639 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "处的C" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209377&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209390&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209384&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O上连接了—NH" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "，因孤对电子的共轭作用使C" }, { "name": "inlineformula", "data": [ { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209396&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209425&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209419&type=" } } } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "O键的力常数减小，振动频率向低波数位移；1 384 cm" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "-1" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的特征吸收为—NO" }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "2" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "的对称伸缩振动。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F4", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CDs的FT-IR图" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.4" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "FT-IR spectra of CDs" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209433&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209448&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209440&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.2　CDs的光学性质" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3b" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图5", "type": "fig", "rid": "F5", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，所得的CDs在紫外和可见光区均有明显的吸收，且在360 nm激发波长下发出红色荧光。从荧光光谱可以看到该CDs的最大激发波长为410 nm，最大发射波长为466 nm和676 nm，表示合成的碳点具有单激发双发射近红外荧光特性，可构建比率型荧光探针。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F5", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CDs的紫外吸收光谱和激发、发射荧光光谱。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.5" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fluorescence spectra and UV-Vis absorption spectra of the obtained CDs. Emission spectrum was recorded at an excitation wavelength of 410 nm and excitation spectrum was recorded at emission wavelength of 466, 676 nm. Inset in: a photograph of the obtained CDs solution under the irradiation of natural light(left) and 365 nm UV light(right)." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209456&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209469&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209462&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "以硫酸奎宁作为参比，在360 nm激发波长下，按照公式" } ] }, { "name": "dispformula", "data": { "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "(1)" } ], "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "math", "data": { "graphicsData": { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209475&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209480&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209485&type=" } } }, { "name": "text", "data": " " }, { "name": "text", "data": " " } ], "id": "DF1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "计算得到该CDs荧光量子产率为26.31%。其中" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "φ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "φ" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "s" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别表示待测物质和参比物质的荧光量子产率，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "F" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "F" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "s" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别表示待测物质和参比物质的积分荧光强度，" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "x" } ] } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "和" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "A" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "s" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "分别表示待测物质和参比物质对该波长激发光的吸收强度。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图6", "type": "fig", "rid": "F6", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "为不同激发波长下CDs的发射光谱，由图中可知，随着激发波长从360 nm增加到410 nm,466 nm处的最大发射峰稍有红移，具有激发依赖性；676 nm处的发射峰位置不变，荧光强度逐渐增加。从3D图(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图7", "type": "fig", "rid": "F7", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")也可明显看出，随着激发波长增加，676 nm处的发射峰荧光强度逐渐增大。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F6", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同激发波长下CDs的荧光发射光谱" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.6" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Excitation dependent behavior of the CDs" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209490&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209502&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209497&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F7", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同激发、发射波长下CDs的3D荧光光谱图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.7" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3D fluorescence spectra of CDs at different excitation and emission wavelengths" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209506&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209517&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209512&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3　CDs的稳定性" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3c" } }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3.1　pH的影响" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3c1" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CDs的荧光强度一定程度上受溶液酸碱度影响，可通过调节pH值来确定" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "466" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "676" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "对溶液酸碱度的敏感程度，由" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图8", "type": "fig", "rid": "F8", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "可知pH的变化对CDs的荧光强度影响不大。CDs的pH效应可能是由于碳点上同时存在—COOH和酰胺，中性和酸性条件下分子间有氢键缔合作用，碳点聚集导致荧光猝灭" }, { "name": "sup", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "[" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "23", "type": "bibr", "rid": "R23", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "23" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "]" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "。在pH=11时，由于羧基发生去质子化反应带上负电荷，使碳点间保持单分散而荧光强度增大。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F8", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同pH值对CDs荧光强度的影响" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.8" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Effect of pH on the fluorescence intensity" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209524&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209537&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209529&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3.2　抗光漂白性" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3c2" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "410 nm紫外灯照射不同的时间测定CDs的发射荧光强度如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图9", "type": "fig", "rid": "F9", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，从图中可以看出CDs在466 nm处的发射峰荧光强度基本不发生变化，而在676 nm处荧光强度稍有降低，可能原因是酰胺受热易发生水解。将4 ℃保存的该CDs每隔15 d测其荧光强度，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图10", "type": "fig", "rid": "F10", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " 所示。同时，在37 ℃下保存，每隔1 d测其荧光强度，如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图11", "type": "fig", "rid": "F11", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": " 所示。荧光强度均基本保持不变，表明CDs具有良好的抗光漂白性、优秀的光学稳定性，这些性质均有利于CDs在细胞成像、靶向示踪等生化分析方面的应用。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F9", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "410 nm紫外灯照射时间对CDs荧光强度的影响" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.9" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Effect of illumination time under 410 nm UV light on the fluorescence intensity" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209542&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209552&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209547&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F10", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同存储时间对CDs荧光强度的影响(4 ℃)" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.10" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Effect of storage time on the fluorescence intensity(4 ℃)" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209555&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209563&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209561&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F11", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同存储时间对CDs荧光强度的影响(37 ℃)" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.11" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Effect of storage time on the fluorescence intensity(37 ℃)" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209570&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209581&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209574&type=" } ] } } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.3.3　CDs的抗盐性" } ], "level": "3", "id": "s3c3" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为考察CDs受共存分子和离子的干扰情况，在pH=4的条件下分别加入不同浓度的NaCl、KCl测定 466 nm和 676 nm 处的荧光值。实验结果表明， " }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "466" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": "/" }, { "name": "italic", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "I" } ] }, { "name": "sub", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "676" } ] }, { "name": "text", "data": " (如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图12(a)、(b)", "type": "fig", "rid": "F12", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12(a)、(b)" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")几乎不发生改变，有利于碳点在生物传感、细胞成像方面的应用。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F12", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "不同浓度的KCl/NaCl对CDs荧光强度的影响(NaCl浓度分别为0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.25,2,2.5 mol/L;KCl浓度分别为0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.25,1.5 mol/L)" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.12" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Effect of NaCl and KCl concentrations on the fluorescence intensity(NaCl: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.25, 2, 2.5 mol/L; KCl: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5 mol/L)" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209587&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209597&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209591&type=" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "3.4　细胞毒性与活细胞荧光成像" } ], "level": "2", "id": "s3d" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "为了探讨CDs的生物应用，本文进行了细胞毒性实验，利用T24细胞株，通过CCK-8分析法测定了CDs的细胞毒性。如" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图13", "type": "fig", "rid": "F13", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": "所示，该碳纳米材料的浓度从100 μg/mL增加到500 μg/mL时，细胞的存活率从99%降低到92%，在很宽的浓度范围内细胞毒性均保持在90%以上，证明该CDs的细胞毒性很低并且具有良好的生物相容性，说明在活细胞成像领域具有巨大的应用潜力。这些也表明制备的CDs可以安全地应用于细胞实验。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F13", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "T24细胞与不同浓度CDs孵育24 h后的相对细胞活性" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.13" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Cell viability of T24 cells in the presence of difffferent concentrations of CDs for 24 h" } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209602&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209608&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209604&type=" } ] } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "采用激光共聚焦显微成像技术，比率荧光检测活细胞成像，在 405 nm激发波长下，可以在蓝光通道中看到细胞膜、细胞质中发出蓝色荧光，在红光通道中看到细胞膜、细胞质中有红色荧光(" }, { "name": "xref", "data": { "text": "图14", "type": "fig", "rid": "F14", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14" } ] } }, { "name": "text", "data": ")，表明该 CDs 生物相容性好，对细胞、组织穿透能力强，可有效避免生物体内的背景干扰。" } ] }, { "name": "fig", "data": { "id": "F14", "caption": [ { "lang": "zh", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "图14" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "CDs 和 T24 细胞共同孵育10 h后的CLSM成像图。(a)蓝光通道；(b)明场；(c)红光通道；(d)叠加图。" } ] }, { "lang": "en", "label": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Fig.14" } ], "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "Intracellular fluorescence with CLSM of T24 cells. (a)Fluorescent image of CDs for the blue channel. (b)Bright field. (c)Fluorescent image of CDs for the red channel. (d)Merged images of (a), (b) and (c)." } ] } ], "subcaption": [], "note": [], "graphics": [ { "print": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209612&type=", "small": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209617&type=", "big": "http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=21209613&type=" } ] } } ] } ] }, { "name": "sec", "data": [ { "name": "sectitle", "data": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "4　结论" } ], "level": "1", "id": "s4" } }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文以绿色高山榕树叶为原料，通过溶剂热法一步合成单激发双发射的近红外碳基荧光纳米传感器。其优势在于:(1)以天然生物质为原料，绿色环保、原料廉价易得、生物毒性低；(2)合成纯化步骤简单；(3)荧光量子产率高、发出近红外荧光；(4)该碳点具有良好的水溶性、抗盐、抗光漂白性；(5)生物相容性好，能有效避免生物体内背景干扰。以上结果表明，所得CDs作为环境友好材料在生物传感、光学成像等领域具有广泛的应用前景。" } ] }, { "name": "p", "data": [ { "name": "text", "data": "本文专家审稿意见及作者回复内容的下载地址:http://cjl.lightpublishing.cn/thesisDetails#10.37188/CJL.20210157." } ] } ] } ], "footnote": [], "reflist": { "title": [ { "name": "text", "data": "参考文献:" } ], "data": [ { "id": "R1", "label": "[1]", "citation": [ { "lang": "en", "text": [ { "name": "text", "data": "XU X Y" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "RAY R" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "GU Y L" }, { "name": "text", "data": ", " }, { "name": "text", "data": "et al" }, { "name": "text", "data": ". 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