High-Inclination WO3 Deposition Enabled Fast-Response Aqueous Zinc-Ion Electrochromism

CHEN Shuo ,  

XING Kaixiao ,  

LV Ying ,  

YAO Xinxin ,  

LI Pan ,  

GUO Xiaoyang ,  

WANG Tienan ,  

LI Xiaotian ,  

LIU Xingyuan ,  

摘要

Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic (EC) technology, boasting the capability to fulfill both safety and cost-effectiveness requirements, is garnering extensive attention in various application areas including smart windows, thermal management, displays, and camouflage. However, typical inorganic EC materials, such as tungsten oxides (WO3), often suffer from slow ion diffusion kinetics and limited optical contrast within the aqueous Zn2+ electrolyte because of the large size and strong Coulombic interactions of the Zn2+, which limits their wide applicability. Here, ordered WO3 nanowire films, constructed by a one-step grazing angle deposition method, is demonstrated to boost the response speed and optical contrast during EC phenomena. Compared with dense films, the ordered WO3 nanowire films with a porosity of 44.6% demonstrates anti-reflective property and excellent comprehensive EC performance, including fast response times (3.6 and 1.2 s for coloring and bleaching, respectively), large optical contrast (66.6% at 700 nm) and high coloration efficiency (64.3 cm2 C-1). A large-area prototype EC device (17 cm × 12 cm) with fast color-switching is also successfully achieved. Mechanistic studies show that the improved performance is mainly due to the ordered porous nanowire structures, which provides direct electron transfer paths and sufficient interfacial contacts, thus simultaneously enhancing the electrochemical activity and fast redox kinetics. This study provides a simple and effective strategy to improve the performance of tungsten oxide-based aqueous zinc ion EC materials and devices.

关键词

Electrochromic;WO3;Aqueous Zn2+ electrolyte;Ordered nanowires;Glancing Angle Deposition

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