This paper proposes a strategy to successfully realize ultra-thin transparent conductive Ag thin films with excellent surface, optical, and electrical properties by introducing a silver oxide seed layer onto the surface of a glass substrate. Firstly, a 1-nm-thick Ag film is evaporated onto a glass substrate by thermal deposition and then treated with oxygen plasma to generate a silver oxide seed layer. The seed layer can alleviate the random migration of Ag atoms and improve the nucleation density of the subsequently deposited Ag atoms, thus promoting the film formation of Ag atoms. An efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting device was fabricated using the realized ultra-thin transparent silver oxide/silver film as an anode. The device's maximum current efficiency and power efficiency are 60.4 cd·A
-1
and 63.2 lm·W
-1
, respectively, 1.45 and 1.60 times higher than those of the conventional ITO-based devices. The results show that the ultra-thin transparent Ag thin film with silver oxide as a seed layer is a highly promising transparent conductive electrode.
ZOU J H, ZHU G C, WANG L, et al. Research progress on organic light-emitting diodes and display drive [J]. Chin. J. Lumin., 2023, 44(1): 198-217. (in Chinese). doi: 10.37188/CJL.20220322http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/CJL.20220322
LIU P, LI Y, WEI C C, et al. Effects of interface regulation on performances of flexible quantum dot electroluminescent devices [J]. Chin. J. Lumin., 2023, 44(4): 641-656. (in Chinese). doi: 10.37188/cjl.20220345http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/cjl.20220345
WU X X, LI F S, WU W, et al. Flexible organic light emitting diodes based on double-layered graphene/PEDOT∶PSS conductive film [J]. Chin. J. Lumin., 2014, 35(4): 486-490. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3788/fgxb20143504.0486http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20143504.0486
TIAN Y, WANG T, ZHU Q X, et al. High-performance transparent PEDOT∶PSS/CNT films for OLEDs [J]. Nanomaterials, 2021, 11(8): 2067. doi: 10.3390/nano11082067http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082067
YANG Z L, FEI C C, CHENG C, et al. Review of flexible electrode film for flexible organic light-emitting diodes [J]. Chin. J. Lumin., 2019, 40(2): 238-256. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3788/fgxb20194002.0238http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20194002.0238
BI Y G, LIU Y F, ZHANG X L, et al. Ultrathin metal films as the transparent electrode in ITO-free organic optoelectronic devices [J]. Adv. Opt. Mater., 2019, 7(6): 1800778-1-23. doi: 10.1002/adom.201800778http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800778
SCHUBERT S, MEISS J, MÜLLER-MESKAMP L, et al. Improvement of transparent metal top electrodes for organic solar cells by introducing a high surface energy seed layer [J]. Adv. Energy Mater., 2013, 3(4): 438-443. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201200903http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201200903
LIU S H, LIU W B, YU J, et al. Silver/germanium/silver: an effective transparent electrode for flexible organic light-emitting devices [J]. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2014, 2(5): 835-840. doi: 10.1039/c3tc31927jhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tc31927j
XU J J, HUANG J H, SHENG W, et al. Research progress on ultrathin metal transparent conductive films and their applications [J]. Mater. Rep., 2019, 33(11): 1875-1881. (in Chinese). doi: 10.11896/cldb.18040164http://dx.doi.org/10.11896/cldb.18040164
HAN Y C, LIM M S, PARK J H, et al. ITO-free flexible organic light-emitting diode using ZnS/Ag/MoO3 anode incorporating a quasi-perfect Ag thin film [J]. Org. Electron., 2013, 14(12): 3437-3443. doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2013.09.014http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2013.09.014
ZHANG C, ZHAO D W, GU D E, et al. An ultrathin, smooth, and low-loss Al-doped Ag film and its application as a transparent electrode in organic photovoltaics [J]. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26(32): 5696-5701. doi: 10.1002/adma.201306091http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201306091
HUANG J H, LIU X H, LU Y H, et al. Seed-layer-free growth of ultra-thin Ag transparent conductive films imparts flexibility to polymer solar cells [J]. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2018, 184: 73-81. doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.04.002http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.04.002
ZHAO G Q, SHEN W F, JEONG E, et al. Ultrathin silver film electrodes with ultralow optical and electrical losses for flexible organic photovoltaics [J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10(32): 27510-27520. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b08578http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b08578
ANTHONY M T, SEAH M P. XPS: energy calibration of electron spectrometers. Ⅰ: an absolute, traceable energy calibration and the provision of atomic reference line energies [J]. Surf. Interface Anal., 1984, 6(3): 95-106. doi: 10.1002/sia.740060302http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740060302
TJENG L H, MEINDERS M B J, VAN ELP J, et al. Electronic structure of Ag2O [J]. Phys. Rev. B, 1990, 41(5): 3190-3199.
CAO X D, ZHANG H H, TIAN Y, et al. Preparation and performance of luminescent solar concentrator based on surface plasmon resonance effect [J]. Chin. J. Lumin., 2022, 43(3): 396-403. (in Chinese). doi: 10.37188/cjl.20210387http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/cjl.20210387
SALANECK W R. Classical ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of polymers [J]. J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 2009, 174(1-3): 3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.elspec.2009.03.024http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2009.03.024
YU R M, PU C Y, YIN F R, et al. Ultra-low efficiency roll-off top-emitting white organic light-emitting diodes [J]. Chin. J. Lumin., 2022, 43(1): 77-84. (in Chinese). doi: 10.37188/CJL.20210325http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/CJL.20210325
Highly Efficient Narrow Emission Blue OLED Devices Based on Dinaphtho[2,3-B∶2′,3′-D]furan Moiety
Synthesis and Luminescence Property of Four Phosphorescent Iridium(Ⅲ) Pyrazine Complexes
Preparation of Transparent Conductive Praseodymium Titanate Doped Indium Oxide Film and Its Application in Organic Opto-electronic Devices
High-performance Organic Light-emitting Diodes Based on ILTO Thin Film
Related Author
CHENG Huanghuang
WANG Linjia
YIN Juan
LI Guo-gang
WU Zhijun
PENG Qiming
WANG Xiaowei
YUAN Jiangbo
Related Institution
College of Information Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, Huaqiao University
Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University
Xi’an Manareco New Materials Co., Ltd.
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University
State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University