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1.北京大学物理学院 介观物理国家重点实验室, 纳光电子前沿科学中心, 北京 100871
2.北京量子信息科学研究院, 北京 100193
3.中国科学院物理研究所 北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心, 北京 100190
[ "李函聪(2000-),女,广东深圳人,博士研究生,2022年于中山大学获得学士学位,主要从事自组装量子点与光子晶体微腔相关的微纳光学方面的研究。E⁃mail: hancongli@stu. pku. edu. cn许" ]
[ "许秀来(1975-),男,江苏如皋人,博士,教授,博士生导师,2004年于剑桥大学获得博士学位,主要从事量子体系光电子学领域(研究低维半导体体系的光电性质、高效量子点单光子发射源和单光子探测器、量子点与光子晶体微腔、表面等离子体的耦合等)的研究。E⁃mail: xlxu@pku. edu. cn" ]
收稿日期:2023-04-23,
修回日期:2023-05-09,
纸质出版日期:2023-07-05
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李函聪,陈浠庆,杨静南等.单量子点的发光与应用[J].发光学报,2023,44(07):1251-1272.
LI Hancong,CHEN Xiqing,YANG Jingnan,et al.Luminescence and Applications of Single Quantum Dots[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2023,44(07):1251-1272.
李函聪,陈浠庆,杨静南等.单量子点的发光与应用[J].发光学报,2023,44(07):1251-1272. DOI: 10.37188/CJL.20230105.
LI Hancong,CHEN Xiqing,YANG Jingnan,et al.Luminescence and Applications of Single Quantum Dots[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2023,44(07):1251-1272. DOI: 10.37188/CJL.20230105.
由于量子限制效应,自组装半导体单量子点具有类似于原子的分立能级,可实现高不可分辨、高亮度和高纯度的单光子发射,其多种激子态能够产生不同偏振模式的光子。而光学微纳结构是调控量子点发光性质的有效手段,当单个量子点与光学微腔发生弱耦合时,Purcell效应将大大提高量子点作为单光子源或纠缠光子对源的性能。同时,量子点与光学微腔的强耦合系统可以作为量子光学网络中的量子节点,以及用于研究单光子水平的光学非线性效应。利用量子点与光学波导的耦合可实现固态量子比特和飞行光子比特的相干转换,以及高效的信息处理与传输,由此构建可靠的片上光学网络。此外,单量子点还具有可操控的自旋态,可作为量子比特的载体。考虑到量子点器件的制备过程易与成熟的半导体技术相结合,基于量子点的器件设计具有良好的可扩展性和集成化潜力。
Due to the quantum confinement effect, self-assembled semiconductor single quantum dots exhibit atom-like discrete energy levels enabling highly indistinguishable, high brightness and high purity single photon emission, where multiple exciton states in quantum dots can generate photons with different polarizations. The optical micro-nano structure is an effective means to modulate the luminescent properties of single quantum dots. When a single quantum dot is weakly coupled to an optical micro-cavity, the Purcell effect will greatly improve the performances of the quantum dot as a single photon source or entangled photon-pair source. Meanwhile, the strongly coupled system of quantum dots and optical micro-cavities can be used as quantum nodes in the quantum photonic network or to study the nonlinear optics at the single photon level. Utilizing the coupling of quantum dots and optical waveguides can realize coherent conversion between solid-state quantum bits and flying photonic bits along with efficient information processing and transmission for building a reliable on-chip photonic network. In addition, a single quantum dot has manipulable spin states, which can work as carriers for quantum bits. Considering the convenience of combining the fabrication process of quantum dot devices with mature semiconductor technology, device designs with quantum dots allow good scalability and integration potential.
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