YEN W M, SHIONOYA S, YAMAMOTO H. Phosphor Handbook. New York:CRC Press, 2007.

VAN DEN EECKHOUT K, SMET P F, POELMAN D. Persistent luminescence in Eu2+-doped compounds:a review[J]. Materials, 2010, 3(4):2536-2566.

MURAYAM Y, TAKEUCHI N, AOKI Y, et al.. Phosphorencent phosphor:USA, US5424006A. 1994.

MATSUZAWA T, AOKI Y, TAKEUCHI N, et al.. A new long phosphorescent phosphor with high brightness, SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1996, 143:2670-2673.

JIA D, LEWIS L A, WANG X J. Cr3+-doped lanthanum gallogermanate phosphors with long persistent IR emission[J]. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 2010, 13(4):J32-J34.

YAN W Z, LIU F, LU Y Y, et al.. Near infrared long-persistent phosphorescence in La3Ga5GeO14:Cr3+ phosphor[J]. Opt. Express, 2010, 18(19):20215.

LU Y Y, LIU F, GU Z J, et al.. Long-lasting near-infrared persistent luminescence from -Ga2O3:Cr3+ nanowire assemblies[J]. J. Lumin., 2011, 131(12):2784-2787.

BESSIōRE A, JACQUART S, PRIOLKAR K, et al.. ZnGa2O4:Cr3+:a new red long-lasting phosphor with high brightness[J]. Opt. Express, 2011, 19(11):10131-10137.

PAN Z W, LU Y Y, LIU F. Sunlight-activated long-persistent luminescence in the near-infrared from Cr3+-doped zinc gallogermanates[J]. Nat. Mater., 2012, 11(1):58-63.

ALLIX M, CHENU S, VRON E, et al.. Considerable improvement of long-persistent luminescence in germanium and tin substituted ZnGa2O4[J]. Chem. Mater., 2013, 25(9):1600-1606.

LIU F, YAN W Z, CHUANG Y J, et al.. Photostimulated near-infrared persistent luminescence as a new optical read-out from Cr3+-doped LiGa5O8[J]. Sci. Rep., 2013, 3(3):1554.

ABDUKAYUM A, CHEN J T, ZHAO Q, et al.. Functional near infrared-emitting Cr3+/Pr3+ co-doped zinc gallogermanate persistent luminescent nanoparticles with superlong afterglow for in vivo targeted bioimaging[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135(38):14125.

ZHANG Y, UEDA J, TANABE S. Tunable trap depth in Zn(Ga1-xAlx)2O4:Cr,Bi red persistent phosphors:considerations of high-temperature persistent luminescence and photostimulated persistent luminescence[J]. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2013, 1(47):7849-7865.

CHUANG Y J, ZHEN Z P, ZHANG F, et al.. Photostimulable near-infrared persistent luminescent nanoprobes for ultrasensitive and longitudinal deep-tissue bio-imaging[J]. Theranostics, 2014, 4(11):1112-1122.

LI Y, ZHOU S F, LI Y Y, et al.. Long persistent and photo-stimulated luminescence in Cr3+-doped Zn-Ga-Sn-O phosphors for deep and reproducible tissue imaging[J]. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2014, 2(15):2657-2663.

LIU F, LIANG Y J, PAN Z W. Detection of up-converted persistent luminescence in the near infrared emitted by the Zn3Ga2GeO8:Cr3+,Yb3+,Er3+ phosphor[J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2014, 113(17):177401.

CHEN D, CHEN Y, LU H, et al.. A bifunctional Cr/Yb/Tm:Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 phosphor with near-infrared long-lasting phosphorescence and upconversion luminescence[J]. Inorg. Chem., 2014, 53(16):8638-8645.

MALDINEY T, BESSIōRE A, SEGUIN J, et al.. The in vivo activation of persistent nanophosphors for optical imaging of vascularization, tumours and grafted cells[J]. Nat. Mater., 2014, 13(4):418-426.

SHI J P, SUN X, LI J, et al.. Multifunctional near infrared-emitting long-persistence luminescent nanoprobes for drug delivery and targeted tumor imaging[J]. Biomaterials, 2015, 37:260-270.

TESTON E, RICHARD S, MALDINEY T, et al.. Non-aqueous sol-gel synthesis of ultra small persistent luminescence nanoparticles for near-infrared in vivo imaging[J]. Chem. Eur. J., 2015, 21(20):7350.

LI Z J, ZHANG Y W, WU X, et al.. Direct aqueous-phase synthesis of sub-10 nm "luminous pearls" with enhanced in vivo renewable near-infrared persistent luminescence[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2015, 137(16):5304-5307.

YI X, CHEN Z T, YE S, et al.. Multifunctionalities of near-infrared upconversion luminescence, optical temperature sensing and long persistent luminescence in La3Ga5GeO14:Cr3+,Yb3+,Er3+ and their potential coupling[J]. RSC Adv., 2015, 5(61):49680-49687.

SHI J P, SUN M, SUN X, et al.. Near-infrared persistent luminescence hollow mesoporous nanospheres for drug delivery and in vivo renewable imaging[J]. J. Mater. Chem. B, 2016, 4:7845-7851.

JIN Y, HU Y, YUAN L, et al.. Multifunctional near-infrared emitting Cr3+-doped Mg4Ga8Ge2O20 particles with long persistent, photostimulated persistent luminescence and photochromism properties[J]. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2016, 4(27):6614-6625.

WYSZECKI G, STILES W S. Color Science:Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae[M]. 2nd ed. New York:Wiley-Interscience, 2000.

CIE Technical Report 191:2010. Recommended system for mesopic photometry based on visual performance. CIE Central Bureau, 2010.

POELMAN D, AVCI N, SMET P F. Measured luminance and visual appearance of multi-color persistent phosphors[J]. Opt. Express, 2009, 17(1):358-364.

SLINEY D H, WANGEMANN R T, FRANKS J K, et al.. Visual sensitivity of the eye to infrared laser radiation[J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1976, 66(4):339-341.

LYNCH D K, LIVINGSTON W C.Color and Light in Nature[M]. 2nd ed. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2001.

TANABE Y, SUGANO S. On the absorption spectra of complex ions. Ⅱ[J]. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 1954, 9(5):766-779.

KNIG E, KREMER S. Ligand Field:Energy Diagrams[M]. New York:Springer US, 1977.

LIU F, LIANG Y J, CHEN Y F, et al.. Divalent nickel-activated gallate-based persistent phosphors in the short-wave infrared[J]. Adv. Opt. Mater., 2016, 4(4):562-566.

DIEKE G H. Spectra and Energy Levels of Rare Earth Ions in Crystals[M]. New York:Wiley-Interscience, 1968.

LIANG Y J, LIU F, CHEN Y F, et al.. New function of Yb3+ ion as an efficient emitter for persistent luminescence in the short-wave infrared[J]. Light:Sci. Appl., 2016, 5:e16124.

LIANG Y J, LIU F, CHEN Y F, et al.. Red/near-infrared/short-wave infrared multi-band persistent luminescence in Pr3+-doped persistent phosphors[J]. Dalton Trans., 2017, 46:11149-11153.

LIANG Y J, LIU F, CHEN Y F, et al.. Extending the applications for lanthanide ions:efficient emitters in short-wave infrared persistent luminescence[J]. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2017, 5:6488-6492.

CHEN R, MCKEEVER S W S. Theory of Thermoluminescence and Related Phenomena[M]. New York:World Scientific, 1997.

RANDALL J T, WILKINS M H F. Phosphorescence and electron traps. I. the study of trap distributions[J]. Proc. Roy. Soc. London., 1940, 184(999):365-389.

GARLICK G F J, GIBSON A F. The electron trap mechanism of luminescence in sulphide and silicate phosphors[J]. Proc. Roy. Soc. London., 1948, A60:574.

YUKIHARA E G, MCKEEVER W S. Optically Stimulated Luminescence:Fundamental and Applications[M]. Yew York:John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2007.

SCHWEIZER S. Physics and current understanding of X-ray storage phosphors[J]. Phys. Stat. Sol.(a), 2001, 187(2):335-393.

YU X, WANG T, XU X H, et al.. Yellow photo-stimulated long persistent luminescence in strontium silicate phosphor[J]. ECS Solid State Lett., 2014, 3(2):R4-R6.

LIANG Y J, LIU F, CHEN Y F, et al.. Long persistent luminescence in the ultraviolet in Pb2+-doped Sr2MgGe2O7 persistent phosphor[J]. Dalton Trans., 2016, 45(4):1322.

SEISUKE N, MASATO K, YOSHITOMO H, et al.. Conduction band caused by oxygen vacancies in aluminum oxide for resistance random access memory[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2012, 112:033711.

LIU F, MELTZER R S, LI X F, et al.. New localized/delocalized emitting state of Eu2+ in orange-emitting hexagonal EuAl2O4[J]. Sci. Rep., 2014, 4:7101.

DE CHERMONT Q L M, CHANEAC C, SEGUIN J, et al.. Nanoprobes with near-infrared persistent luminescence for in vivo imaging[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2007, 104(22):9266-9271.

CHEN Y F, LIU F, LIANG Y J, et al.. A new up-conversion charging concept for effectively charging persistent phosphors using low-energy visible-light laser diodes[J]. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018, 6:8003.

LIU F, CHEN Y F, LIANG Y J, et al.. Phonon-assisted up-conversion charging in Zn3Ga2GeO8:Cr3+ near-infrared persistent phosphor[J]. Opt. Lett., 2016, 41(5):954-957.